Piezoelectric Coefficient D33 Research Articles

Giant Piezoelectric Coefficient of Polyvinylidene Fluoride with Rationally Engineered Ultrafine Domains Achieved by Rapid Freezing Processing.

Domains play an essential role in determining the piezoelectric properties of polymers. The conventional method for achieving ultrafine piezoelectric domain structures for polymers is multiphase polymerization, which is not the primary choice for industrial-scale applications because of its complex synthesis and weak mechanical properties. In this study, it is demonstrated for the first time that a nanoscale domain design can be achieved in a commercially available polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) homopolymer through a simple fabrication method involving cyclic compression and rapid freezing. The domain-engineered PVDF exhibits largely enhanced piezoelectric output with a record-breaking piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of 191.4 picocoulombs per Newton (8.9 times higher than that of PVDF without engineered domain structure) and electromechanical coupling factor (k33) of 77.1%. Moreover, nanoscale domain-induced ferroelectric and dielectric evolutions are revealed. A smaller domain is found to be beneficial for domain switching. An in-depth understanding of the interplay between the domain structure and piezoelectric properties reveals a simple, low-cost method for fabricating high-performance polymeric piezoelectric.

Three-dimensional honeycomb structured BaTiO3-based piezoelectric ceramics via texturing and vat photopolymerization

Textured piezoelectric ceramics have attracted significant attention due to their ability to achieve ultra-high piezoelectric properties comparable to single crystals at a lower cost. Traditional processing techniques, such as tape casting, can efficiently produce textured piezoelectric ceramics with simple structures but are inadequate for fabricating three-dimensional structures with high complexity, thereby limiting their applications in specific fields. Vat photopolymerization (VPP), an advanced additive manufacturing technology, can rapidly and accurately create intricate three-dimensional structures. Crucially, VPP can provide the necessary shear force to align the templates, resulting in the highly-textured piezoelectric ceramics. In this study, BaTiO3-based piezoelectric ceramics with a high degree of texture (97.2 %) were produced using VPP technology. These ceramics exhibited a large piezoelectric coefficient (d33 = 511 pC/N), which was 66 % higher than that of non-textured ceramics. Furthermore, textured ceramics with a honeycomb structure were fabricated, demonstrating their potential in sensing applications. This work confirms the feasibility of using VPP technology to prepare high-performance, complex-structured textured ceramics, thereby promoting the development and application of textured piezoelectric ceramics.

Longitudinal (α33) and transverse(α31) dynamic magnetoelectric hysteretic response for CoFe1.88Dy0.12O4–K0.5Na0.5NbO3 lead-free multiferroic laminates

The magnetoelectric (ME) laminate structures of CoFe1.88Dy0.12O4 (CFDO, Ferrite) and K0.50Na0.50NbO3 (KNN, ferroelectric/piezoelectric) phases were fabricated by silver epoxy bonding technique and tested the ME response in longitudinal and transverse mode. The CFDO reveals the cubic spinel structure while KNN reveals the perovskite orthorhombic crystal structures having dense microstructure. The CFDO confirms the phase segregation of the DyFeO3ortho-ferrite phase, while the KNN lead-free ceramic showed the Curie temperature of 416 °C, 13µC/cm2 maximum polarization, 25,296 × 10-15 m2/N figure of merit, piezoelectric charge coefficient d33 of 47 pC/N. The longitudinal (α33) and transverse (α31) dynamic magnetoelectric response is studied to figure out the effective magnetic field direction to get better values of magnetoelectric voltage sensitivity i.e. αME. Both modes revealed the hysteretic behavior i.e. lagging of ME voltage response to an applied magnetic field which evidences a true multiferroic character of CFDO/KNN laminates. Remarkably, the (CFDO /KNN/ CFDO) structure demonstrated a substantial magnetoelectric coefficient in LT (α31) mode of approximately 38.5 mV/cm·Oe at a magnetic field of 400 Oe and −37.55 mV/cm·Oe at a magnetic field of −400 Oe. Thus, here we present the magnetoelectric laminate structure of CFDO /KNN/ CFDO phases beneficial for magnetic field sensors.

Unlocking Electrostrain in Plastically Deformed Barium Titanate.

Achieving substantial electrostrain alongside a large effective piezoelectric strain coefficient (d33*) in piezoelectric materials remains a formidable challenge for advanced actuator applications. Here, a straightforward approach to enhance these properties by strategically designing the domain structure and controlling the domain switching through the introduction of arrays of ordered {100}<100> dislocations is proposed. This dislocation engineering yields an intrinsic lock-in steady-state electrostrain of 0.69% at a low field of 10kVcm-1 without external stress and an output strain energy density of 5.24Jcm-3 in single-crystal BaTiO3, outperforming the benchmark piezoceramics and relaxor ferroelectric single-crystals. Additionally, applying a compression stress of 6MPa fully unlocks electrostrains exceeding 1%, yielding a remarkable d33* value over 10000pmV-1 and achieving a record-high strain energy density of 11.67Jcm-3. Optical and transmission electron microscopy, paired with laboratory and synchrotron X-ray diffraction, is employed to rationalize the observed electrostrain. Phase-field simulations further elucidate the impact of charged dislocations on domain nucleation and domain switching. These findings present an effective and sustainable strategy for developing high-performance, lead-free piezoelectric materials without the need for additional chemical elements, offering immense potential for actuator technologies.

Broad Temperature Plateau for High Piezoelectric Coefficient by Embedding PNRs in Singe‐Phase KNN‐Based Ceramics

AbstractTo date, the enormous potential of lead‐free piezoceramics in ultrasonic transducers and micro‐actuators has driven extensive research and development. Although the piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of lead‐free ceramics is improved unprecedentedly, the breakthrough in comprehensive performance is still a key issue, one of which is the inverse relationship between d33 and Curie temperature (TC), and the other is the temperature stability of piezoelectricity. Here, based on the synergistic optimization of the chemical component modulation and texture technology, the high Curie temperature (≈365 °C), high piezoelectric properties (d33 ≈331 pC/N, d33* ≈561 pm V−1) and advanced piezoelectric temperature stability are realized by embedded PNRs in the conceived and prepared lead‐free single phase 0.96((K0.5Na0.5)(Nb0.98Ta0.02)O3)‐0.01(Bi(Ni0.67Nb0.33)O3)‐0.03(Bi0.5K0.5)HfO3 texture ceramics. The d33 changes by only 2.0% when the temperature is increased from 25 to 100 °C (≈10.0% to 200 °C), while the electrical strain (d33*) changes by only 4.2% when the temperature is increased from 25 to 175 °C (≈9.8% to 200 °C), which is comparable to the commercial lead‐based materials (i.e., PZT‐4). This work demonstrates significant progress in the comprehensive piezoelectric performance (especially the piezoelectric temperature stability) of lead‐free ceramics and inspires further attempts to achieve high‐temperature piezoelectric properties.

Achieving high piezoelectric performance in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 ferroelectric single crystals through pulse poling technique

To maximize the piezoelectric performance of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PMN–PT) single crystals, a pulse poling (PP) method is proposed in this study. This study investigates the effects of pulse poling on the piezoelectric and dielectric properties of these PMN–PT single crystals and explores the polarization rotation mechanisms. Our findings indicate a significant improvement in the piezoelectric properties postpulse poling. The optimal PP conditions are identified as 30 pulse numbers at a pulsed electric field of 5 kV/cm. The dielectric constant ɛT33/ɛ0 and piezoelectric coefficient d33 of PMN–0.28PT post PP are 7000–7700 and 2200–2530 pC/N, respectively, representing increases of 49% and 66% compared with those of postdirect current poling (DCP). Additionally, the domain structures of the PMN–0.28PT single crystals after various DCP and PP treatments are examined and compared using piezoelectric force microscopy. The enhanced piezoelectric properties are attributed to the finer domain structures, as well as increased domain wall density achieved through PP. This research introduces a novel domain engineering approach to improve the electromechanical properties of relaxor ferroelectric single crystals.

High Temperature-Insensitive Electrostrain Obtained in (K, Na)NbO3-Based Lead-Free Piezoceramics.

Over the last decades, notable progress is achieved in (K, Na)NbO3 (KNN)-based lead-free piezoceramics. However, more studies are conducted to increase its piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33). For actuator applications, piezoceramics need high electric-field induced strain under low electric fields while maintaining exceptional temperature stability across a wide temperature range. In this study, this work developes Li/Sb-codoped KNN (LKNNS) ceramics with high electrostrain by defect engineering and domain engineering. A remarkable strain of 0.43%, along with a giant d33* value of 2177 pm V-1, is attained in the LKNNS ceramic at 20 kV cm-1. The ceramic exhibits a minimal performance decrease of less than 15% over a temperature range from room temperature to 150 °C. The exceptional strain is attributed to the presence of A-site vacancy-oxygen vacancy ( ) defect dipoles and the increase in nano-domains. The hierarchical domain configuration and defect dipoles impede the switched domains from reverting to their original state as temperature increases, furthermore, the elongated dipole moments of caused by rising temperatures compensate for strain reduction results in exceptional temperature stability. This study provides a model for designing piezoelectric materials with exceptional overall performance under low electric fields and across a wide temperature range.

Low-field-driven large strain in lead zirconate titanium-based piezoceramics incorporating relaxor lead magnesium niobate for actuation

Studies on the piezoelectric materials capable of efficiently outputting high electrostrains at low electric fields are driven by the demand for precise actuation in a wide range of applications. Large electrostrains of piezoceramics in operation require high driving fields, which limits their practical application due to undesirable nonlinearities and high energy consumption. Herein, a strategy is developed to enhance the electrostrains of piezoceramics while maintaining low hysteresis by incorporating lead magnesium niobate relaxors into lead zirconate titanium at the morphotropic phase boundary. An ultrahigh inverse piezoelectric coefficient d33*\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${d}_{33}^{*}$$\\end{document} of 1380 pm/V with a reduced hysteresis of 11.5% is achieved under a low electric field of 1 kV/mm, outperforming the major lead-based piezoelectric materials. In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and domain wall dynamics characterization with sub-microsecond temporal resolution reveal that the outstanding performances originate from facilitated domain wall movement, which in turn is due to reduced lattice distortion and miniaturized domain structures. These findings not only address the pending challenges of effective actuation under reduced driving conditions but also lay the foundation for a more systematic approach to exploring the origin of large electrostrains.

3D-Printed Shape Memory and Piezoelectric Bifunctional Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Polyvinylidene Fluoride Porous Composite Scaffold for Bone Regeneration.

Physical stimulations such as mechanical and electric stimulation can continuously work on bone defect locations to maintain and enhance cell activity, and it has become a hotspot for research in the field of bone repair. Herein, bifunctional porous composite scaffolds with shape memory and piezoelectric functions were fabricated using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) through triply periodic minimal surfaces design and selective laser sintering technology. Thereinto, the shape fixity ratio and recovery ratio of the composite scaffold reached 98.6% and 81.2%, respectively, showing excellent shape memory functions. More importantly, its piezoelectric coefficient (d33 = 2.47 pC/N) is close to the piezoelectric constant of bone tissue (d33 = 0.7-2.3 pC/N), and the voltage released during the compression process can reach 0.5 V. Furthermore, cyclic compression experiments showed that the strength of composite scaffold was up to 8.3 times compared with the TPU scaffold. Besides, the composite scaffold showed excellent cytocompatibility. In conclusion, the composite scaffold is expected to continuously generate mechanical and electric stimulation due to shape memory and piezoelectric function, respectively, which provide an effective strategy for bone repair.

Strong piezoelectric anisotropy in CaBi4Ti4O15 textured ceramics prepared by templated grain growth method

AbstractBismuth layer‐structured ferroelectrics (BLSF) show great potential as piezoelectric materials for high‐temperature applications. In this study, c‐axis/[001]‐textured CaBi4Ti4O15 (CBT) ceramic was synthesized through templated grain growth (TGG) method. A high Lotgering factor (f) of 96% was achieved in textured CBT ceramic using 20 wt% CBT homogeneous template. The piezoelectric coefficient d33 has significantly increased from 7.8 pC/N for random ceramic to 24.3 pC/N for textured ceramic (poled perpendicular to the c‐axis/[001] texture direction), representing an impressive 300% enhancement while maintaining an ultra‐high Curie temperature (TC) of 788°C. In addition, a low dielectric loss (tanδ = 0.4%) and relatively high resistivity (ρ = 1.1 × 1012 Ω·cm) were achieved simultaneously at room temperature. The significant enhancement of d33 in textured CBT ceramic origins from its strong piezoelectric anisotropy. The large d33,T⊥ is due to the nature of polarization switching in CBT (the spontaneous polarization PS of CBT is along a‐axis direction, and the switching of PS is restricted within the a–b plane). Furthermore, the variation of d33,T⊥ remained below 10% across the temperature range of 25–700°C, highlighting the excellent thermal stability of the textured CBT ceramics. These findings suggest that textured CBT ceramic is a promising piezoelectric material for high‐temperature sensor applications.

Synergistic regulation of Nd2O3 doping and components accommodation to attain enhanced electrical performance in BiScO3-PbTiO3 high temperature ceramics

Nd2O3-modified BiScO3-PbTiO3 (Nd: BS-PT) ceramics were synthesized with the aim of augmenting the piezoelectric response. A comprehensive investigation was conducted to explore the impact of Nd and PT content on the structure, microstructure, and electrical properties of Nd: BS-PT ceramics. The introduction of Nd ions resulted in notable enhancements in the piezoelectric and dielectric properties of BS-PT ceramics. In the case of 0.02Nd: BS-0.64PT, the piezoelectric coefficient (d33) reached an impressive 550 pC/N. Furthermore, the room-temperature dielectric constants exhibited a continuous increase with rising Nd content. The relaxation behavior demonstrated a progressive augmentation corresponding to the increased Nd content. Conversely, both saturation polarization and remnant polarization exhibited a gradual decline with increasing Nd content. These variations are attributed to the refined microstructure and enhanced relaxation behavior induced by Nd doping. This innovative Nd: BS-PT ceramic demonstrates that judicious incorporation of Nd can markedly enhance the piezoelectric properties of BS-PT ceramics. Such a modification significantly augments the performance of BS-PT ceramics across various applications, notably in sensors and actuators.

Improved energy-harvesting performance of (K, Na)NbO3-based ceramics through the synergistic effect of texture and defect engineering

Textured CuO-doped KNN-based ceramics with [001]C orientation were developed to enhance energy harvesting performance. Textured ceramics doped with 0.3 mol% CuO exhibit remarkable piezoelectric coefficients d33 of 347 pC/N and g33 of 96 × 10−3 Vm/N, resulting in a higher figure of merit (d33 × g33 ∼ 33 × 10−12 m2/N) for evaluating energy conversion. The d33 and g33 increased by 105 % and 269 %, respectively, compared to those of randomly oriented ceramics. The piezoelectric energy harvester fabricated using the textured ceramic achieved an output power density of 3 μW/mm3, comparable to PZT-based energy harvesters. The enhancement in d33 is mainly due to favorable [00 l]C orientation. The orientation, along with the hardening effect caused by CuO doping, contributes to decreased dielectric coefficient εTr3, resulting in increased g33. The synergistic strategy is expected to facilitate the design high-performing, eco-friendly piezoelectric ceramics.

Evolution of ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of BiFeO3 ceramics doped with lanthanum and zirconium

In this study, we performed cation substitutions at Bi-site (La3+) and Fe-site (Zr4+) to investigate their possible benefit for the ferroelectric properties of BiFeO3 ceramics. The cations with higher valence (Zr4+) ought to suppress the formation of structural defects during syntheses, such as oxygen vacancies and Fe2+. These defects are responsible for high leakage currents and low breakdown voltages characteristic of the pure BiFeO3. However, doping only with Zr did not improve the ferroelectric properties of bismuth ferrite. These samples were unable to persist electric fields above 30 kV/cm. On the other hand, the increase in lanthanum concentration resulted in improved ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of the samples, sustaining electric fields above 100 kV/cm. Among the investigated samples, the highest remnant polarization of 24 μC/cm2 and piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of 34 pC/N reached Bi0.85La0.15FeO3 sample at 160 kV/cm. The share of non-ferroelectric contribution to the total polarization of this sample was the lowest (∼ 11 %). When it comes to the co-doped samples, the addition of Zr transformed the behavior from leaky ferroelectric to predominantly leaky dielectric. It indicated that doping with La significantly improved the ferroelectric properties of bismuth ferrite ceramics. In contrast, even a low Zr concentration of 1 mol% could outbalance the influence of much larger La concentrations (10 and 15 mol%).

Large out-of-plane piezoelectric response and ultra-low polarization transition barriers in two-dimensional MoGe2N4/MoSi2N4 heterostructures

With the help of the first principle calculations, two-dimensional (2D) MoGe2N4/MoSi2N4 van der Waals (vdW) heterojunction was confirmed as a type II bandgap arrangement with distinct piezoelectric properties dependent on the stacking orders and interlayer interactions. This structural change is facilitated by slip interactions between the layers and is characterized by a process with a low energy barrier, allowing for efficient and responsive phase transition of structures. Notably, this heterojunction exhibits a particularly large out-of-plane piezoelectric coefficient, d33, within a finite thickness. Concurrently, the piezoelectric coefficient can be enhanced by adjusting the vertical strain to a specific value, and the out-of-plane piezoelectric coefficient d33 can be as high as 73.28 pm/V, which is larger than the values of the available 2D materials or their heterojunctions. In addition, we simulated a piezoelectric actuator on a two-dimensional scale, where the deformation of the upper surface of the piezoelectric brake was linearly modulated by adjusting the driving voltage. Thus, our research paves the way for the conceptualization and creation of cutting-edge nanoelectronic devices, electromechanical systems, and multifunctional atomic-scale appliances.

Improving piezoelectric performance in PMN-0.26 PT single crystal via low frequency AC poling

In this experiment, the alternating current poling (ACP) was applied to the 0.74 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.26PbTiO3 (PMN-0.26 PT) single crystal to explore the impact of low frequency (0.1 Hz) ACP on electrical performance. When the poling condition is loading 5 cycles at 14 kV/cm, high piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 1780 pC/N and giant dielectric constant of 5881 are obtained for the ACP treatment sample, enhanced 42.4 % and 14.3 % by contrast with the conventional direct current poling (DCP), respectively. The values of coercive field, maximum strain, and converse piezoelectric constant d33∗ vary considerably around the ferroelectric phase transition detected by polarization-electric field, as well as bipolar and unipolar electric field-induced strain hysteresis loops. In addition, the domain configuration of the ACP sample presents a more periodic stripe-like structure with narrower width and relatively more uniformity after three months aging as compared with the DCP sample, showing the importance of domain engineering in enhancing electrical performance of ferroelectric single crystals.

On the measurement of piezoelectric d33 coefficient of soft thin films under weak mechanical loads: A rapid and affordable method

Thanks to their intrinsic flexibility, energy efficiency and high portability, soft piezoelectric thin films represent the most effective technological approach for wearable devices to monitor health conditions. In order to improve effectiveness and applicability, more and more innovative and high-performing soft piezoelectric materials are being developed and benchmarked through their piezoelectric d33 coefficient. However, most existing methods to measure the d33 were developed for ceramic or bulk materials and cannot be applied to soft materials because high force/pressure can deform and damage the material structure. This work introduces a simple, effective, and fast method to accurately measure the d33 of soft and thin piezoelectric films by applying weak sinusoidal forces to avoid any damage to the sample, and simultaneously measuring the charges produced by the direct piezoelectric effect. The approach is versatile as it can be used for different types of materials and sizes of the active area. This method represents an effective solution to speed up the process of material optimization, paving the way for the rapid development of novel wearable piezoelectric devices.

Piezoelectric barium titanate/hydroxyapatite composite coatings on Ti-6Al-4V alloy via electrophoretic deposition

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a widely accepted, cost-effective and simple method to obtain conformal coatings of dense nanoparticles via application of a DC voltage. This paper reports the physical and mechanical properties of nanostructured barium titanate/hydroxyapatite (BT/HA) ceramic composites coated onto Ti-6Al-4V alloy via cathodic EPD in various ratios of 40:60, 50:50 and 60:40 (HB4, HB5 and HB6) respectively. Homogenous BT/HA coatings were obtained at a notably low voltage of 10 V. The crystallinity and phase analysis confirmed the formation of tetragonal phase of BT indicating the piezoelectric property. HB6 exhibits maximum piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of 159 pC/N and Vicker's hardness of 242.31 HV. The cross-sectional electron micrographs show well connected and homogeneous coatings with increasing amounts of BT. Human mesenchymal stem cell lines were utilized in biocompatibility experiments, which revealed that HB composites had greater viability of HW-MSCs cells than pure BT, with HB6 exhibiting a maximum cell viability of more than 90 %.

Effect of epoxy resin addition on the acoustic impedance, microstructure, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of 1–3 connectivity lead-free barium zirconate titanate ceramic cement-based composites

In this work, 1–3 connectivity barium zirconate titanate ceramic cement-based composites were fabricated using Portland cement and epoxy resin as the matrix. Barium zirconate titanate (BZT) of 40–60 % by volume was used while epoxy was used with cement at 0–7% by volume. Dielectric and piezoelectric properties, and other properties such as acoustic impedance, density and microstructure were investigated. It was found that epoxy resin can be used in combination with BZT to achieve a suitable acoustic impedance value (9–11 × 106 kg/m·s2) matching that of concrete for structural health monitoring application. Thus, when epoxy resin was used at 7 %, BZT volume can be increased to 60 % where the highest d33 value of 93 pC/N was found and remain within the acoustic matching range. In addition, when epoxy resin was increased, both piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33) and piezoelectric voltage coefficient (g33) were also found to increase. This is likely due to the lower porosity thus denser matrix when epoxy resin was used in addition to cement.

Multi-iteration active learning for the composition design of potassium–sodium niobate ceramics with enhanced piezoelectric coefficient

The piezoelectricity of piezoceramics considerably depends on the doped compositions. However, the conventional trial-and-error approach to composition design is time-consuming and inefficient when searching for high-performance piezoceramics with various dopants. In this study, we introduce a data-driven framework to accelerate the design and discovery of lead-free (K,Na)NbO3 (KNN) materials with enhanced piezoelectric performance. The proposed framework integrates machine learning with feature engineering, surrogate-based optimisation, and experimentation in an active learning loop. Using feature engineering techniques, we demonstrated that the piezoelectric coefficient d33 of KNN materials can be predicted based on a set of elemental and atomic properties. We evaluated six machine learning models and found that support vector regression with a radial basis function kernel achieved high accuracy in predicting the d33 values of KNN ceramics. After three iterations of experimentation and optimisation, we identified an optimal composition with a relatively high d33 of ∼353 pC/N from thousands of possible compositions using a pure exploitation strategy. This study demonstrates an efficient and systematic approach to the composition design of KNN-based piezoceramics, which can be applied to investigate the diverse functional properties of other materials.

Advancing piezoelectricity and excellent thermal stability: -textured 0.75BF–0.25BT lead-free ceramics for high temperature applications

There is an urgent need for piezoelectric materials possessing both high piezoelectric properties and good thermal stability to facilitate the advancement of high temperature piezoelectric devices. However, conventional strategy for enhancing piezoelectricity via chemical modifications often comes at the cost of thermal stability due to a drop in Curie temperatures. In this study, we achieved remarkable results in <001>-oriented 0.75BiFeO3–0.25BaTiO3 (0.75BF–0.25BT) lead-free textured ceramics. These textured ceramics exhibit a high Curie temperatures Tc of 552 °C, large piezoelectric coefficients d33 of 265 pC/N, and exceptional piezoelectric thermal stability, with minimal variation of 8% across temperature from 25 °C to 300 °C. Compared to randomly oriented ceramics, the piezoelectric coefficient is about 2.5 times higher, marking it as one of the highest reported value for ceramics with Tc near 550 °C. The enhanced piezoelectric properties can be ascribed to improvements in both intrinsic lattice distortions and extrinsic non-180o domain motions, while the excellent piezoelectric thermal stability is attributed to the stable domain texture. These superior properties of the studied textured 0.75BF–0.25BT ceramics position them as competitive lead-free candidates for high-temperature piezoelectric applications.