Stock Pieces Research Articles

Clip with enclosed spring for aneurysm surgery. Technical note.

A clip for aneurysm surgery has been designed with several unique features. The coil spring is fully hidden and protected within two hub sections so that it cannot be handled or become entrapped in tissue. The clip is milled from a piece of solid stock of nonmagnetic stainless steel to the desired size and shape by a computer milling process, thus avoiding the stresses and structural weaknesses caused by the bending, curling, and milling needed to prepare clips made from wire or sheet metal. The only means of opening the clip is by applying pressure to the solid milled surfaces, thus the spring cannot be weakened or bent by squeezing it or by trauma applied to the clip. The clip may be grasped in either a clip applier that holds the clip in one fixed position or in an applier that allows the clip to be rotated through an arc of 180 degrees.

炭素鋼の表面脱炭と疲労強さとの関係についての研究 (第1報)

The effects of surface decarburization on the fatigue properties of 0.6%C carbon steel, whose depth decarburized ranges from 0.17mm to 0.5mm, were obtained by the two types of test specimens, A-type the bar stock piece and B-type the filleted piece; and these specimens consist of two groups of structures, that is, a normalized one and a quenched-tempered one.As the depth decarburized increases, the tensile strength of normalized steel decreases; the elongation, contraction of area and impact value have the minimum value at the depth decarburized 0.2-0.3mm.Due to the surface decarburization, the fatigue limit were remarkably reduced, and their decreasing rates get greater up to about the 0.3mm depth decarburized. By a quenching-tempering treatment, the fatigue durability becomes greater than that of normalized steel.The fatigue limits for A-type specimens are less than those for B-type ones. This reason appars to be the occurence of fretting corrosion on the holder part of specimen. But the detriment of fretting corrosion for fatigue limit appears to be diminished by the skin free ferrite on the surface of specimens obtained br decarburizing.

Beaumont and Fletcher on The London Stage 1776–1833

Although the plays of Beaumont and Fletcher had been revived in great numbers after the reopening of the London theaters in 1660, their popularity declined so steadily during the eighteenth century that by the time of Garrick's retirement from the stage in June, 1776, only two plays, Rule a Wife and Have a Wife and The Chances, both comedies, were still being presented as stock pieces at Drury Lane, Covent Garden, and the Haymarket. Shortly after Garrick's retirement, however, several of the neglected plays were revived, and, in spite of the competition of intensified Shakespearean revival and the unquestioned predominance of assorted spectacle and melodrama, a varying degree of interest in the Elizabethan twin playwrights continued until the retirement of Edmund Kean from the stage in March, 1833. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to determine the extent to which the neglect of Beaumont and Fletcher was amended during the years 1776–1833 and to ascertain the significance of the revivals as related to various contemporary interests as well as to the generally favorable or unfavorable circumstances for production.

Comparison of Methods of Examining the Scorching of Rubber Stocks

Abstract A comparison has been made between the plasticity and solubility methods of examining the scorching of accelerated rubber stocks; trials with a third method, based on the gelling of a solution of the stock, were unsuccessful. In a comparison using 10 different stocks the plasticity and solubility methods arranged these in practically the same order as regards tendency to scorch, showing that the two methods measure essentially the same property. The plasticity method usually detects an earlier stage of scorching than the solubility method using benzene as the solvent. Attempts to improve the sensitiveness of the latter method by using a less powerful solvent did not give promising results, as petroleum ether and diethyl ether behaved very similarly to benzene, while cyclohexanone did not readily dissolve the unscorched stock. The solubility method is unsuitable for stocks containing considerable percentages of gas black, e.g., tire tread stocks, and presumably also for those containing other strongly reinforcing fillers, because the unscorched stock does not dissolve in benzene. In determining the period for which a stock can be kept at a given temperature, or the temperature at which it can be kept for a given period, without practically serious scorching taking place, the plasticity method is to be preferred on account of its greater sensitiveness. It has the further advantage of giving a quantitative measure of the degree of scorching. However, for purely comparative purposes (but excluding stocks of the type referred to in 4 above) the solubility method is just as reliable, and has the advantage of being much simpler and quicker. By this method, also, it would usually be possible to decide whether any given piece of stock were scorched or not, whereas by the plasticity method this could not be done unless an unscorched piece of the same stock was available for comparison. In using the parallel-plate plastimeter for scorching tests, a relative long period of compression (10 minutes or more) gives the most sensitive indication of the change in plasticity produced by scorching. In the stocks examined the rate of scorching is, on the average, approximately doubled by a temperature rise of 10° C.

Control of Temperature Variation in the Frequency of Tuning Forks (with demonstrations)

The increasing use of tuning forks not only as frequency standards but as controlling devices for equipment requiring perfect synchronization calls either for very accurate temperature control with the ordinary steel fork, or for the development of forks in which the variation of frequency with temperature is negligibly small. Two methods have been employed to achieve this end—either the development of metal alloys having very small frequency-temperature coefficients, or the fabrication of compensated forks from two materials having coefficients of opposite sign. While alloy steels, such as Invar and Elinvar, can be produced having coefficients of the order of one-twentieth that of ordinary steel, yet very considerable variations in coefficients are found in individual samples of these alloys even when cut from the same piece of stock. The combination of two alloys having positive and negative temperature coefficients has proven a more practical means of producing forks of uniform qualities and with frequencies independent of temperature. Demonstrations of the thermal properties of forks of this type will be made.

A Study of the Language of Marau Sound, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands

The Material for the study here presented was collected during a short stay at Marau Sound in 1927, in pursuance of my research work. Bishop Patteson, of the Melanesian Mission, published grammatical notes of the language of Marau Sound at Auckland, New Zealand, about 1860, together with a short catechism, a translation of the Apostles´ Creed and the Lord's Prayer, and a list of words. This material was edited by von der Gabelentz, and was published in his Melanesischen Sprachen, Leipzig, 1873. I have worked through the material and corrected it where necessary. The two pieces of translation, Creed and Lord's Prayer, which appear in von der Gabelentz. are too faulty to be inserted here as specimens of the language, and I had not the opporetunity of correcting them.Bishop Patteson had several men from Marau Sound with him at Auckland, among whom, according to the information given to me, were Tootoo, Waaro mae, Waihunu, Nini pua, Porike, Porasi (who died at Auckland), and also Vouvete of Kaoka, a village on the mainland near by. The large percentage of San Cristoval wordsand grammatical constructions which appear in Bishop Patteson's material, as quoted by von der Gabelentz, is probably due to the influence of Taroaniara, a San Cristoval man, who acted as guide on the visits to Marau Sound, and whose wife was a Marau Sound woman. Taroaniara was with the party at Auckland, and evidently acted as interpreter. He may even have been commissioned by the Bishop to render certain stock pieces, e.g. the Creed, into the language of Marau Sound. This supposition would account for the presence in the translations of words like tahi, to live, tataro (San Cristoval dadaro) for “ cross ”, and for such grammatical constructions as ia, personal article in San Cristoval, instead of a, the Marau Sound usage. Also it would account for the use of ni, demonstrative article, and ia, personal pronoun 3rd singular. However, there is good internal evidence that the work in the main was done by the Bishop.