Pictures Of Animals Research Articles

(Mis)communication through stickers in online group discussions: A multiple-case study

Sticker use is an increasingly popular part of daily messaging activity. However, little is known regarding the types, functions, and outcomes of sticker use in authentic online communications. To investigate these phenomena, we analysed sticker use in five small mobile-messaging-facilitated discussion groups initiated by students for course projects in an Asian university. The students used four types of stickers, among which ‘animated picture without text’ was the most frequent. Sticker functions fell into two main categories: as a tone indicator with scope over a textual message, and as a stand-alone illocutionary act. Based on interviews with seven participants, we found disparities between the sender’s intention and the receiver’s interpretation for 34.7% of the stickers, but these disparities did not adversely affect the communication. Implications of the findings are discussed.

The Effect of Animal Bipedal Posture on Perceived Cuteness, Fear, and Willingness to Protect Them

Human–animal relationships have long been the subject of controversy because they are shaped by several cultural, inter-individual, and evolutionary factors. Understanding these relationships, however, is important to optimize conservation efforts. There is agreement that perceived similarity between animals and humans is associated with more positive attitudes. The human–animal similarity could be caused by phylogenetic closeness. We hypothesized that the bipedal posture of an animal may be perceived as a cue of phenotypic similarity with humans. We examined this topic by comparing perceived cuteness, fear, and willingness to protect animals differing in body posture, body size, and phylogenetic closeness with humans on a sample ofN= 349 Slovak participants. We found that the bipedal posture enhanced perceived cuteness, but this effect was most pronounced in small-bodied animals, particularly those with direct eye contact. Phylogenetically close and small-bodied species (e.g., small mammals) received greater conservation support than phylogenetically distant species (e.g., invertebrates). However, anthropomorphic-looking animals received greater conservation support, suggesting that pictures of animals that more closely resemble humans can be used in conservation campaigns.

Neurophysiological patterns associated with blunted emotional face processing and withdrawal tendencies in young children exposed to intimate partner violence.

Studies linking child maltreatment to abnormal neurophysiological responses to emotional stimuli and mental health impairment have not specifically explored these patterns in young children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV). The present study examined two neurophysiological indicators, resting-state electroencephalography and an emotion event-related potential (ERP) in 21 IPV exposed and 30 nonexposed children ages 4-6 years recruited from the community and domestic violence shelters. Frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) was assessed while at rest. FAA is often associated with avoidant/withdrawn behavior and increased risk of IPV-related mental health conditions (e.g., depression). Additionally, the late positive potential (LPP) ERP component, reflecting motivated attention, was acquired in the context of an age-appropriate affective oddball paradigm with low probability animal pictures as targets and human facial expressions (angry, happy, neutral) as distracters. Results demonstrated that IPV-exposed children, compared with nonexposed children, exhibited lower left FAA during resting state and reduced LPPs to oddball targets and affective faces relative to neutral faces in the oddball task. Together, these results suggest neural patterns associated with a blunted response to emotional stimuli and withdrawal tendencies, respectively, in young children exposed to IPV. Implications for emotional socialization in this vulnerable population are discussed.

Baseline Stroke Literacy of Young Children Based on "FAST 112 Heroes" Program.

Background: Young children are often unaware of emergency health conditions, such as stroke, and could serve as important vehicles to save the lives of their grandparents, who are more likely to suffer a stroke. An important aspect for the evaluation of public awareness on stroke signs and related emergency procedures is to examine the level of baseline stroke knowledge children have and whether they understand when to seek medical care on time.Objective: To examine the level of stroke symptomatology knowledge in children as well as evaluate their preparedness in stroke response before their participation in the educational program “FAST (Face, Arms, Speech, Time) 112 Heroes.”Methods: For the purpose of this work, a questionnaire was developed and adapted to preschoolers' needs. The present study involved 123 children (65 boys, 58 girls, aged 4–6.5 years; mean age: 5.30, S.D.: 0.59) from two cities in Greece. Five multiple-choice animated pictures, that were age-appropriate, were administrated to each child, along with verbal explanations provided by the investigator.Results: More than half of the participants (n = 65, 52.8%) could recognize the symptom of face drooping, 53 children (43.1%) could identify the symptom of arm hemiparesis/hemiplegia and 92 children (74.8%) were able to answer the question regarding speech disturbances. However, the number of correct answers to the question regarding the appropriate course of action in case of a stroke was the lowest among all the questions (10.6% of participants gave a correct answer). Furthermore gender and age did not play a significant role (p = 0.571 and 0.635, respectively).Conclusion: Although more than half of the enrolled preschool children could recognize stroke symptoms before their participation in the educational program, their baseline stroke knowledge, prior to their training, is low. Concurrently, they do not have sufficient knowledge on how to react appropriately in the event of a stroke. Therefore, awareness programs focusing on developing stroke literacy to children are needed, to ensure children will seek urgent medical care in case of a stroke.

The Effects of Viewing Cute Pictures on Performance During a Basketball Free-Throw Task.

Previous studies have shown that viewing cute pictures leads to performance improvement in a subsequent fine motor task. We examined the beneficial effects of viewing cute pictures in a more complex sporting skill (i.e., basketball free throws) by comparing three conditions (viewing baby animal pictures, adult animal pictures, and no pictures) and two tests (no-pressure and pressure). The participants, all of whom were college basketball players, performed 16 free throws in each condition. In the no-pressure test, male participants improved performance after viewing pictures of baby animals but not after adult animals and no pictures. In the pressure test, no significant improvement was observed. For female participants, the cuteness-viewing effect was not observed in both tests. The results suggest that viewing cute pictures may improve performance during basketball free throws in a low-pressure situation by narrowing the breadth of attentional focus and inducing approach motivation and caregiving behaviors.

Humanness Is Not Always Positive: Automatic Associations between Incivilities and Human Symbols.

Uncivil behavior involves an attack on social norms related to the protection of public property and respect for community life. However, at the same time, the low-frequency and relatively low-intensity damage caused by most of these behaviors could lead to incivilities being considered a typically human action. The purpose of this set of studies is to examine the automatic associations that people establish between humanness and both civic and uncivil behaviors. Across three studies, uncivil behaviors were more strongly associated with human pictures than animal pictures (study 1) and with human-related words than animal-related words (study 2). We replicated study 2 with uncivil behaviors that do not prime graphically human beings (study 3). Overall, our results showed that uncivil behaviors and civic behaviors were clearly associated with human concepts. Our findings have direct implications for the conceptualization of humanness and its denial.

Hybrid Mamdani Fuzzy Rules and Convolutional Neural Networks for Analysis and Identification of Animal Images

Accurate, fast, and automatic detection and classification of animal images is challenging, but it is much needed for many real-life applications. This paper presents a hybrid model of Mamdani Type-2 fuzzy rules and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) applied to identify and distinguish various animals using different datasets consisting of about 27,307 images. The proposed system utilizes fuzzy rules to detect the image and then apply the CNN model for the object’s predicate category. The CNN model was trained and tested based on more than 21,846 pictures of animals. The experiments’ results of the proposed method offered high speed and efficiency, which could be a prominent aspect in designing image-processing systems based on Type 2 fuzzy rules characterization for identifying fixed and moving images. The proposed fuzzy method obtained an accuracy rate for identifying and recognizing moving objects of 98% and a mean square error of 0.1183464 less than other studies. It also achieved a very high rate of correctly predicting malicious objects equal to recall = 0.98121 and a precision rate of 1. The test’s accuracy was evaluated using the F1 Score, which obtained a high percentage of 0.99052.

Implementation of Multicultural Values in Islamic Religious Education Based Media Animation Pictures as Prevention of Religious Radicalism in Poso, Central Sulawesi, IndonesiaImplementation of Multicultural Values in Islamic Religious Education Based Media Animation Pictures as Prevention of Religious Radicalism in Poso, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

This study aims to promote multicultural values in the culture of Sintuwu Maroso the Poso community through the transformation of education which is integrated with Islamic religious subjects based on animated image media as prevention of radicalism in the school and community environment. Research methods is a qualitative descriptive study in the form of writing and oral words from people who are the object of research, in conducting research, researchers as the main instrument whose role is to observe observations of documents and conduct interviews with informants, analyze data, interpret data and interpret data compiled a report on tracking the value of local wisdom on the multicultural value of Sintuwu Maroso in the Poso community. Islamic religious education learning that is integrated between Islamic religious material and cultural material of the Poso Sintuwu Maroso community can produce students who are always obedient to their God, behave well with others and are far from understanding religion and radical religious behavior in multicultural / change communities. student characters. Islamic religious education learning that is integrated between Islamic religious material and cultural material of the Poso Sintuwu Maroso community can produce students who are always obedient to their God, behave well with others and are far from understanding religion and radical religious behavior in multicultural / change communities. student characters

Interspecies Labor in Early Cinema: Making Animal Pictures at David Horsley's Bostock Jungle and Film Company

This article examines how David Horsley's Bostock Jungle and Film Company adapted interspecies labor practices from the circus on- and offscreen in order to popularize animal pictures and legitimize animal labor and captivity. As this article documents, colonialist perspectives about human subjugation of nature through animals were translated to cinema by the adaptation of circus interspecies labor and stardom, which shaped early cinema's practice of using exotic animals as resources for filmmaking. By examining Bostock Jungle and Film Company paratexts, training manuals, and trainer autobiographies, the article sheds new light on the neglected practice of animal training and animal work in early cinema.

Возрастная динамика процессов зрительного прайминга

In order to study the age-related development of visual priming, we compared the characteristics of the influence of a priori visual information on the identification of objects of varying degrees of complexity in children of four (n = 20), five (n = 20), and six years (n = 20). Using the priming paradigm, the dependence of the magnitude of the priming effect on the interval between the target and prime stimuli was analyzed. As targets, we used pictures of lines, animals and blots. Combined figures containing targets were presented as primes. Comparison of testing data showed that, regardless of the complexity of visual objects, the priming effect decreases with age. With the identification of lines, the reaction time decreased to both stimuli regardless of age. If animal figures were used, positive priming was observed on both targets in children of four and five years old, but in children of 6 years old, an acceleration of reaction was noted only to the target presented in prime as a global element. When presented with figures of blots, reaction times increased in four-year-olds and decreased in five and six years old. At the same time, the positive priming effect was lower and was observed at large values of the interval between prime and test in five-year-old children compared with six-year-old children. The results indicate that the mechanisms of visual priming in children of younger age groups are active when using familiar and simple objects, for which anticipatory schemes have already been formed.

Latent inhibition in young children: A developmental effect?

Previous research by Kaniel & Lubow in 1986 found that young children (aged 4-5 years) exhibited poorer learning (latent inhibition) to preexposed stimuli than older children (aged 7-10 years). The aim of our research was to develop a computer-based, child-friendly study that would replicate and extend the work of Kaniel & Lubow in a way that ruled out other, attention-based explanations of their effect. One hundred and four children and 32 undergraduate students took part in our experiment. This consisted of a preexposure/study phase in which participants were asked to press computer keys in response to clipart pictures of animals and dinosaurs. Each animal or dinosaur picture was preceded by one of 2 "warning signals" that acted as the preexposed stimuli (to which no response was required). In the test phase that followed, the participants had to either press the spacebar or withhold their response to each preexposed stimulus and two novel stimuli. They learned which response was correct by trial and error using the feedback provided. The accuracy and reaction time (RT) of the responses during the test phase were analyzed and indicated that the youngest children showed significantly lower mean accuracy and longer mean response times to the preexposed stimuli than to stimuli they had not been preexposed to. In contrast, the older children showed no significant differences in their responses to preexposed and novel stimuli. These results are consistent with those found by Kaniel & Lubow and as such provide additional evidence for latent inhibition in young children. We discuss the implications for theories of perceptual learning in humans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Peter Hujar: Shamelessness Without Shame

We can be ashamed and we can feel shame for someone who lacks shame. The essay argues that Peter Hujar's photography explores what it means to feel a truly shameless shamelessness. Each of Hujar's three major bodies of work—his portraits, nudes, and animal pictures—seeks in different ways to overcome what might be otherwise embarrassing about their respective genres: a portrait that is too candid, a nude that verges on naked, and, more subtly, animals that resist anthropomorphism, either as pets or as human doppelgängers. I contend that Hujar's unflinching and candid portrayals make the viewer acutely aware of his or her impulse to be or not to be embarrassed for themselves and/or for the artist's sitters. Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick's and Silvan Tomkins's idea that shame is something through which identity is constituted provides the essay's theoretical foundation.

Conversion in Depictions of Anthropomorphic Animals in Picture Books

Picture books are familiar media for children and have a great influence on children's development. Particularly, narrative picture books contribute to the development of children's imagination and provide the basis of rich cultural life throughout their lives. There are many animals depicted in picture books. Animals in narrative picture books for children often appear anthropomorphized, and depictions of animals sometimes mix real and anthropomorphic characteristics. This study focused on conversions of animals in picture books between anthropomorphic and non-anthropomorphic forms. In 591 picture books, 1,930 cases of conversion were observed. In stories with human characters, many conversions involved cats and dogs and changes from non-anthropomorphic animals to anthropomorphic forms. The main triggers of temporary conversions were human or animal-like behaviors and emotions of the characters, while the main causes of long-term conversions were the structures of the stories and character movement to different worlds or into space. The backgrounds of the conversions were deeply related to the social image of animals and to human-animal interactions. Conversion highlights the boundaries between animals and humans and conveys impressive scenes to children which should stimulate child development. The depiction related to children's development in picture books would be one of the reasons why animal picture books are so popular among children.

ENCRYPTION THREE-DIMENSION IMAGE USING TINY ALGORITHM

The development of systems allows providing the capability of using three-dimension (3D) pictures over the internet especially in social media. In previous years, animation pictures and videos are not used in the internet due to the sizes of these two data and need the huge amount of data to work over internet and need supporting program to deal with presenting the data to the users of the internet in either websites or social media. Most of the security over internet used on ciphering text or ciphering images but not cipher video or 3D picture because video and 3D pictures are not used until recently. The huge use of these two types 3D pictures and videos in recent years. It is become an urgent necessary to encrypt these sorts of data. The research will focus on encrypting these types of data by using special algorithm called as Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA). This algorithm will be used to encrypt and decrypt 3D pictures and protecting the privacy of this sort of data. The research shows the how-to encode and decode of 3D picture and how to deal with them. The results show the TEA is rapid algorithm in the coding picture and decoding 3D pictures. it is only needing a few portions of time to cipher and decipher 3D pictures. The program that used to test the ciphering and deciphering algorithm was based on MATLAB.

My Meat Does Not Have Feathers: Consumers\u2019 Associations with Pictures of Different Chicken Breeds

The use of traditional chicken breeds with a dual purpose (egg and meat production) has become a relevant topic in Germany mainly due to animal welfare concerns and the importance of conserving genetic variability in poultry farming. However, consumers have little knowledge about the different chicken breeds used in the industry; making it challenging to communicate traditional breeds and their advantages to consumers. Hence, this study takes the approach to look at consumers’ perceptions of different breeds. We analyze consumers’ evaluations of pictures showing four dual-purpose chicken breeds. First, an eye-tracking study (n = 24) and think-aloud protocols (n = 28) were used to obtain open associations consumers make with each breed. Based on the results, an online survey was conducted (n = 933) to quantify consumers associations with different breeds and consumers’ interest in meat products with animal pictures on the packaging. Results show that consumers’ attention to pictures of chickens is mostly focused on their body and head, particularly with the Vorwerkhuhn. Consumers associate white breeds to white egg and meat production, while brown breeds are associated to brown egg production. Only a smaller segment of consumers (32%; n = 292), who are more engaged to animal welfare, accept pictures of animals on meat packages. We conclude that the marketing of meat products of traditional chicken breeds by using pictures is not a useful approach for the mass market. However, within smaller market concepts, such pictures can be used to communicate an alternative chicken meat production system that may lead to purchases of traditional dual-purpose breeds.

Modality and category selectivity in the anterior temporal lobes

The anterior temporal lobe (ATL) is a large and anatomically heterogeneous region of cortex with connections to memory, language, and perceptual systems. Given the connectivity profile of the ATL, different theories claim that it serves as a general convergence zone for all semantic information, while other models posit more selective roles in object recognition, language processing, and social cognition. To investigate the functional roles of the ATL, we used a rapid event-related fMRI design to measure the responses across the ATL while 32 adults were asked to either name or categorize visual and auditory stimuli from two categories: common animals (e.g., dog, cat) and tools (e.g., hammer, saw). Each stimulus was represented in four ways: as a grayscale picture, a printed name, a spoken name, and a stimulus-associated sound. We analyzed the patterns of responses in functionally distinct cortical parcels within the ATL that were obtained using resting-state fMRI in a separate large cohort of adults (N=88). Within the most anterior portions of the ATL (i.e., the temporal pole), we found a bias toward visual stimuli in the medial and inferior temporal, and fusiform gyri. By contrast, we found a clear auditory bias in the superior temporal gyrus and sulcus. Within the visually selective portions of the temporal poles, we found a lateral bias towards animal pictures and a ventromedial bias towards tool pictures that is similar to the organization of more posterior category-selective cortex in the ventral visual stream. These results suggest that the temporal pole, and the ATL more generally, can be functionally dissociated into category- and modality-selective regions. Therefore, the ATL does not seem to be a domain-general semantic hub. Rather, it seems to comprise functionally distinct regions that are part of domain-specific cognitive systems.

PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN KONTEKSTUAL MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA GAMBAR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS DESKRIPSI PADA SISWA KELAS II SEKOLAH DASAR

This research was conducted because it was found that there were problems in the Indonesian language subject for grade II students of Bhoanawa 2 Impres Elementary School which showed very low Indonesian learning outcomes. The formulations of the problems in this study are: 1) Does learning through a contextual approach by utilizing animal image media can improve writing writing skills ?; 2) Can a contextual approach using animal pictures media increase student activity? The data collection methods used were: observation, interview, test and documentation. The subjects in this study were all students in grade II of the Bhoanawa 2 Impres Elementary School, totaling 17 people. This type of research is Classroom Action Research. The results showed that the increase in writing skills in writing was 29%, or only 5 out of 17 students who were able to write well, which could achieve a greater value of 67. The results of cycle I increased to 47.05% (less) because of 17 students 8 students who managed to get a score above the value of the Minimum Completeness Criteria, and in cycle II an increase of 88.23% (very good), of the 17 students sampled there were 5 students in the very good category and 10 students in the good category.

Mario Cravo Neto e a poética da mitologia afro-brasileira

Este artigo aborda a atuação de Mario Cravo Neto no processo tanto de transposição das fronteiras que insistiam em separar o documentário fotográfico das artes visuais no Brasil quanto de questionamento dos padrões historicamente instituídos sobre a chamada “fotografia documental”. Para isso, analisa o seu livro Laróyè, no qual Cravo Neto, a partir de fotografias de pessoas, animais, cores, objetos e situações registradas nas ruas de Salvador, Bahia, sugere a presença do orixá Exu. Ao ampliar as possibilidades de produção e uso do documento fotográfico a partir de estratégias técnicas, estéticas e conceituais que mais se aproximam daquelas adotadas em projetos de caráter artístico, rompe não com a documentação em si, mas com os seus modelos tradicionais baseados na ideia de fotografia como reprodução fiel da realidade.

Correction with thiocetam of lead nanoparticles influence on morpho-functional status of rat liver

Abstract The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of Thiocetam on morphological changes in the liver of rats and on biochemical changes in their blood after exposure to lead nanoparticles and compounds. The liver is an organ that performs a number of functions, such as the synthesis of enzymes, hormones, plasma components and the neutralization of toxins. It is involved in many metabolic processes in the body. In undertaking this, colloidal solutions of lead sulphide nanoparticles at dosages 10 nm and 30 nm were injected into two groups of rats, PbSnano1 and PbSnano2, respectively, while group Pb(NO3) received subcutaneously a solution of lead nitrate in ion form in a dose of 1.5 mg/kg (0.94 mg/kg lead, in lead equivalent). After 60 administrations (12 weeks) of the studied substances, the exposure was discontinued and the animals were observed for 18 weeks. Subsequently, half of each group received Thiocetam by injection (for 6 weeks at a dose of 250 mg/kg) while the other half did not. We then assessed the mean body weight, absolute and relative liver weight, blood biochemistry values (total protein, albumin, glucose, total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides levels in blood serum) and morphological changes in hepatocytes (morphological slides, nuclei cross-sectional area and cytoplasm cross-sectional area). The outcome of this work showed that the mean body weight of animals exposed to nanoparticles with Tiocetam did not differ from that of animals exposed to nanoparticles without pharmacological correction, but relative liver weight was statistically significantly higher than the corresponding values in rats without pharmacological correction. The morphological picture in all study group animals was characterized by the normalization of microvessel blood filling, structure of hepatic plates, disappearance of infiltration with lymphocytes and histiocytes. No dystrophic changes in hepatocytes were found. All this indicates the feasibility of preventive measures during exposure to lead nanoparticles, by administering Thiocetam. In both series of animals exposed to lead nanoparticles (PbSnano1 and PbSnano2), the cross-sectional area of the hepatocytes cytoplasm and the cross-sectional area of the hepatocytes nuclei were smaller than just after exposure, but in the series with Thiocetam adminstration, all the values did not differ from those in the control.

Effects of Viewing Cute Pictures on Quiet Eye Duration and Fine Motor Task Performance.

We investigated if viewing cute pictures could improve fine motor skills and prolong quiet eye (QE) duration. QE is a gaze phenomenon, and its duration (i.e., the period between fixation onset preceding a critical movement and fixation offset) is thought to represent attention control. As it has been reported that QE duration is longer for expert athletes than for novice athletes in various sports and becomes shorter even for experts who choke under pressure during games, resulting in performance deterioration, QE prolongation is important to prevent choking under pressure. Separately, several studies have confirmed that viewing cute pictures can induce focal attention, thus improving performance in fine motor tasks. We hypothesized that viewing cute pictures may modulate attention control and prolong QE duration. We also tested if the beneficial effects of viewing cute pictures could be obtained in a high-pressure situation in which participant performance was evaluated by an experimenter. We used a fine-motor task requiring participants to use a pair of tweezers to remove 12 small pieces from holes in a game board. We randomly assigned participants to either the baby-animal pictures group or the adult-animal pictures group, based on pictures viewed prior to the task. Participants executed the task in a pre-test, post-test, and pressure test. In both the post-test and the pressure test, participants viewed seven photographs of either baby animals or adult animals before execution of the task. In accordance with previous research, task precision increased after viewing pictures of baby animals in both the post-test and pressure test. Furthermore, QE duration was also prolonged after viewing cute pictures in the post-test, but not in the pressure test. Neither performance improvement nor QE prolongation was found after viewing pictures of adult animals. These results suggested that simply viewing cute pictures could prolong QE duration without pressure and might provide a beneficial effect on performance, even in a high-pressure situation.