Picture Processing Techniques Research Articles

Classification of Grain s and Quality Analysis u sing Deep Learning

There are various varieties of Rice and lentils. Price fabrication and adulteration have been some of the various issues faced by the consumers, farmers and wholesale retailers. Traditional methods for Identification of these similar types of grains and their quality analysis are crude and inaccurate. Methods were tried to implemented earlier but due to financial inability and low efficiency, they weren’t successful. To overcome this problem, the project proposes a method that uses a machine learning technique for identification and quality analysis of these grains. Rice and Lentils which have the maximum consumption have been selected. Lentils are designated into classes based on colors. The technique of determining the elegance of a lentil is with the aid of seed coat shade. Red lentils can be confirmed through the cotyledon coloration. Lentil types may also have a huge variety of seed coat colors from inexperienced, red, speckled inexperienced, black and tan. The cotyledon colour may be red, yellow or inexperienced. The size and color of every Indian Lentil type (i.e. Red, Green, and Yellow, Black, White) are decided to be large or Medium or small, then size and colour end up part of the grade name. An smart machine is used to perceive the kind of Indian lentils from bulk samples. The proposed machine allows kernel length and coloration size using picture processing techniques. These Lentil size measurements, when combined with color attributes of the sample, classify three lentil varieties commonly grown in India with the highest accuracy. Rice is one of most consumed grains in India so its quality is of utmost importance. In this project, we identify and grade five types of rice and grade them with the help of their distinguished features such as size, color, shape, and surface. The project works in three phases viz., Feature Extraction, Training, and Testing. Various rice grain has a different shape, size, surface and various lentils come in different colors, Hence the feature that will be extracted is texture and colors. The method of regression will be adopted for the grading mechanism where the output will be in terms of percentage purity. The methodology for the extraction of the feature will be GLCM and Edge Detection where for supervised learning SVM and Back Propagation will be utilized. The project provides an efficient replacement for the traditional grading mechanism and standardizes the pricing of farm products based on their quality only.

Flame extension area and temperature profile of horizontal jet fire impinging on a vertical plate

Impinging jet fire of high exit momentum is frequently reported to induce the domino effect in industry fires. Less literature is available for the flame extension area and temperature distribution over a vertical plate impinged by the horizontal jet flame. Thus, this paper conducts a systematic experiment to reveal the effect of nozzle exit velocity, exit diameter and exit-plate spacing on the horizontally impinging jet fire. Experimental observation shows the evolution of flame pattern and color with an increase of exit velocity and a decrease of exit-plate spacing. The flame extension area induced by the horizontal jet flame impingement was measured by a novel method that combines the picture processing technique and the thermal imaging technique. By physical analysis, a new correlation coupling the turbulent Karlovitz stretch factor and the ratio of nozzle exit diameter to exit-plate spacing, was developed for the flame extension area of both horizontally and vertically impinging jet fire. The variation of maximum temperature in the impinging zone with the exit-plate spacing still fits the classic correlation of centerline temperature in the continuous and intermittent flames. However, the horizontally impinging jet fire plume holds a shorter intermittent flame region due to the flame upward bending. It is found that the temperature profile holds a big difference in the upward and downward directions along the vertical plate. A new uniform correlation, with the plume radius as the characteristic length scale, is proposed to well collapse all the temperature data in the impinging zone.

Plant Disorder Identification System by Implementing Image Classification Technique

Crop production in the sector of agriculture performs an important part to complete daily food needs. The failure of food is largely linked to infected plants, crops which decreases the production rate reflectively. Plant illnesses are not yet investigated in a premature stage to define. The primary difficulty is the lessening in the use of pesticides in farming and the rise in manufacturing performance and volume. They have suggested an improved clustering method for predicting the region of the affected leaf in this paper. The intent of this paper is to use portable technological development to promote understanding of crop organisms around us. A color-based segmentation system is described to separate and classify the affected area of the plant. Experimental analyzes of temporal complexity and the area of affected areas in sample pictures have been supported out, the picture processing technique which can detect illnesses of the plants. Disease identification includes measures such as picture creation, pre-processing, division of the picture, removal of features and ranking, initiative detects crop illnesses and provides alternatives for illness recovery. It indicates the proportion of the impacted portion of the leaf of a plant.

High-Speed Photogrammetry Application for Percussive Rotary Cutting Tests of Deep-Ocean Cobalt-Rich Crusts

The cutting processes of drill rod under different surge pressures, rotate pressures and propulsion forces were recorded by the high-speed camera in the hydraulic percussive rotary cutting tests of deep-ocean cobalt-rich crusts. Meanwhile, the curves of impact vibration, torsional vibration and frame vibration during the cutting processes were plotted by digital picture processing technique. The impact frequency, torsional vibration frequency, torsional vibration amplitude, vibration amplitude of drill rod and the frame were calculated. The photogrammetry results are generally in agreement with the traditional test results. High-speed photogrammetry is a non-contact, wide range application, and high precision measurement, and the cutting process can be described visually and adequately.

Visualization Study of Dust Dispersion Process in Siwek 20-L Device for Dust Explosion Test

A visualization method is proposed in order to characterize the dispersion process of dust cloud in Siwek 20-L explosion device. The visualization system consists of a transparent spherical vessel, a dust dispersion device, a high precision control valve and a high-speed camera. Experiment with wheat flour powder indicate that the non-uniformity of dust cloud in space and time can be clearly distinguished based on the frame pictures, as well as the evolution of particles settlement with time after dispersion. Moreover, qualitative analysis based on picture processing technique was carried out to obtain the transmission data of dust cloud from the frame pictures. Results show that the transmission changes rapidly with time and reaches to the minimum value at about 60 ms after dispersion, and with this time, the optimum ignition delay time can be determined for dust explosion test in Siwek 20-L device.

Introduction to the Paper by H. U. Lemke et al, ?Applications of Picture Processing, Image Analysis and Computer Graphics Techniques to Cranial CT Scans?

Introduction to the Paper by H. U. Lemke et al, ?Applications of Picture Processing, Image Analysis and Computer Graphics Techniques to Cranial CT Scans?

Applications of picture processing, image analysis and computer graphics techniques to cranial CT scans. 1979.

Systems for the processing and representation of cranial computed tomograms have become a significant addition to the use of computers in medicine, particularly radiology. This paper tries to outline a global view on some of the important technical capabilities such systems can provide using techniques from Picture Processing, Image Analysis and Computer Graphics. Experimental results of the COMPACT Project are presented wherever appropriate. Further thought is also given to the framework in which CT processing may take place. To ensure clinical efficacy a concept of a Medical Work Station as part of a distributed computing network is discussed. Some consideration is then given to the physicians possible working modes within such a system.

SCAR 2003. Abstracts of the 20th Symposium for Computer Applications in Radiology. June 7-10, 2003. Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

SCAR 2003. Abstracts of the 20th Symposium for Computer Applications in Radiology. June 7-10, 2003. Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

実時間びびり限界切込み予測システムにおける概外形状の同定

In the previous report, a methodology that could predict the limit value of the chatter vibration, of which the main reason was the outer configuration changes of workpiece in lathe-turning, was proposed. On basis of this method, an application system that could predicate the boundary of cutting conditions, for example, the cutting depth, had also been built up. The input information to the system was a series of changing sizes of the workpiece during lathe-turning. The system, however, has no sub-system to measure the size of the work piece in real-time automatically. To overcome this weakness, a sub-system using picture processing techniques by CCD camera was developed in our resent research. This paper is going to report on how this sub-system has been established and the running results of the new system.

An analysis of diesel flame motion by combustion photographs.

A picture processing technique is applied to the analysis of flame motion in a small direct injection diesel engine. The combustion sequences were taken from the underside of the combustion chamber by the high-speed photography. Adjacent two frames of the combustion sequence, one of which was a positive picture and the other was a negative picture, were overlapped. The picture obtained by the above process showed the moved area of luminous flame at a very short period, and enabled us to investigate the direction of the flame motion in the combustion chamber. In the middle stage of combustion, the flame spouted from the inside to the outside of the piston cavity induced the radial flame motion toward the cavity in the area outside the cavity. The effect of the configuration of a nozzle hole on the flame motions inside and outside the piston cavity was discussed. Engine performance was improved by increasing the radial flame motion.

An Analysis of Diesel Flame by Picture Processing

A picture processing technique is applied to study the flame motion in a direct-injection diesel engine. From the high-speed photographs, two-dimensional cross-correlation coefficients of flame luminosity between two successive frames are obtained. The location and value of the maximum coefficients give us the mean and fluctuating velocities of the flame, respectively. The results show that the fluctuating velocity obtained in a wide region is almost independent of measuring position and size in the middle and later stages of combustion, indicating that the turbulent flow field is almost uniform and isotropic over the space. Furthermore, the effects of the swirl and chamber geometry on the flame behavior are discussed in detail.

デジタル画像による速度ベクトルの直接測定法の開発 Ｉ

A new type of flow visualization method with helium bubbles has been developed. This method is based on the ordinary helium bubble method which uses soap bubbles filled with helium gas. The bubbles are injected into the flow in front of the body or injected into the separated region directly. The traces of bubbles are photographed twice in a proper interval. The velocity vectors are calculated by measuring the distance between two traces of each bubble.In the determination of the position of each bubble and distinction of starting point and ending point of traces as a velocity vector digital picture processing technique is used. In the process data are input from video camera and stored microcomputer. Determination of edge of each trace and combination of a pair of traces are processed automatically. The results show a good agreements with previous results. The separated flow fields around two-dimensional wing are visualized qualitatively by the method. The results have proved that the method is quite useful for qualitative flow visualization.

Digital picture processing: a new method to analyse vegetation structure

In this paper a new method for analysis of vegetation structure with a digital picture processing technique is compared with two well-known methods: the point-frequency method and the harvest method. The investigation was carried out in heathland and chalk grassland. Data on vertical distribution measured by the digital picture processing technique were significantly correlated with the data of the point-frequency method and that of dry weight distribution (harvest method). It is concluded that digital picture processing has several advantages with respect to time investment and repetition, and is a good alternative to vegetation structure quantification.

An analysis of diesel flame by picture processing.

A picture processing technique is applied to study the flame motion in a direct-injection diesel engine. From the high-speed photographs, two-dimensional cross-correlation coefficients of flame luminosity between two successive frames are obtained. The location and value of the maximum coefficients give us the mean and fluctuating velocities of the flame, respectively. The results show that the fluctuating velocity obtained in a wide region is almost independent of measuring position and size in the middle and later stages of combustion, indicating that the turbulent flow field is almost uniform and isotropic over the space. Furthermore, the effects of the swirl and chamber geometry on the flame behavior are discussed in detail.

き裂近傍の応力・ひずみ場を用いたＪ積分の測定 画像処理の応用

Currently, J-integral proposed by Rice is one of the most effective elastic-plastic fracture mechanics parameters. However, only a few experimental method, which restrict specimen's shape, have been developed for the evaluation of the J-integral. Some of them are Rice's formula for three point bend specimens, Merkle-Corten's formula for CT specimens and so on, which utilize a load vs. Load-point-displacement curve. The others are strain gauge methods, in which elastic strains around a crack are measured by many strain guages, and the J-integral is calculated by a contour integration technique.In this study, we propose a new measuring method of the J-integral for arbitrarily shaped specimens. In this method, the displacement field in an elastic-plastic region near a crack tip is measured by a computer picture processing technique. Then the strain field is calculated by differentiating the displacement field, and the corresponding stress field is calculated using the multi-axial stress-strain relation of the deformation theory of plasticity. Finally the J-integral is evaluated through a contour integration technique. Since the present method directly measures the displacement field near the crack tip and evaluates the J-integral in the similar fashion to the numerical analyses, it can be applied to arbitrarily shaped specimens.In this paper, after summarizing the displacement measurent process by the computer picture processing, the calculation method of the J-integral is described. Then the accuracy and applicability of the present method is discussed in detail by comparing it with the conventional procedure based on Merkle-Corten's formula in a tensile experiment of CT specimen.

Picture processing techniques applied to autoradiographic studies of visual cortex

Picture processing techniques are applied to 2-deoxyglucose autoradiographs of sections from striate cortex and to patterns resulting from staining these sections for cytochrome oxidase. This procedure allows computer identification of deoxyglucose active and inactive regions in the autoradiographs and cytochrome active and inactive regions in the stain patterns. Subsequently, the topographical relationship between these patterns can be quantitatively analyzed by means of overlap and density distribution measures and can be displayed using color enhanced graphics. The processing techniques have been applied in studies of the functional organization of visual cortex in primates. Computer graphic techniques have allowed implementation of split-field presentations of stimuli in deoxyglucose experiments. An application of this split-field technique for presenting multiple-stimuli to distinct parts of the visual field is described and an autoradiograph from a split-field experiment is shown.

Measurement of the dynamic strain field near a crack tip using computer picture processing.

This paper presents a strain distribution measurement near the crack tip of a dynamically fracture specimen using the Point Recognition Picture Processing System. In this system, the displacement of the points marked near the crack tip is determined by the picture processing technique. The least squure approximation of the two-dimensional distribution of displacement is obtained by using the interpolation of a finite element subdivision. From the differentiation of the displacement field, the Green's strain distribution is calculated. To fracture the specimen dynamically, an electromagnetic force is employed. As the fracture event takes only few milliseconds, pictures of the marks are taken with a high-speed camera. The results are compared with those from the static three point bending test and the dynamic loading effects on strain distribution near the crack tip are discussed.

Contrast echography of the eye and orbit.

SH U 454 is a new echocontrast agent which was developed primarily for echocardiography. It seems that there is a further potential in ophthalmic ultrasound diagnostics. SH U 454 produces contrast enhancement in the orbit, choroid and ciliary body, and permits determination of intraocular blood flow parameters in dogs' eyes. The effects are measured with digital picture processing techniques.

Strain distribution around a crack tip in high temperature environment using picture processing

A new optical strain measuring method developed by the authors is described. Here, we employ a simple method which uses point recognition picture processing and the least square approximation method. The surface of the specimen for which we are going to obtain the strain distribution is marked with points using a punch or a paint marker beforehand. At each loading stage, the digital data of the black and white picture of the specimen's marked surface are taken with the television camera under the control of the computer to which the data are sent. From these data, the locations of the marked points at each loading stage are obtained by the picture processing technique. Using these locations decided, we obtain the least square approximation of the displacement distribution, and then the strain distribution. To show the effectiveness of the present technique, the method is applied to the strain measurement near the crack tip in the CT specimen of Type 304 stainless steel. Because of the high ductility of this material, the crack tip blunting is notable so that the crack tip opening displacement observed by this method is as large as 2.5 mm at the specimen surface before initiation. Next, the strain distributions of a center-notched panel made of Type 304 stainless steel under high temperature creep condition are obtained. It is found from the above two experiments that the present strain measuring technique is powerful for the measurement of high strain, say more than 1%, whereas it is unsuitable to apply to the case of small strain at the present developing stage.

Evaluation of cross-sectional geometry and mass density distributions of humans and laboratory animals using computerized tomography

The purpose of this study was to determine the cross-sectional geometry and mass density distribution of a young porcine subject using the X-ray computerized tomographic (CT) method and to perform a comparative study of anatomical features of this subject and a 3 yr old female child specimen. The cross-sectional CT scans of the porcine subject were obtained at 1 cm intervals. The outlines of each cross section and of selected anatomical components within each section were obtained by standard picture processing techniques. The mass and inertia tensor for each cross section and for each anatomical structure in a section were computed based on the CT numbers. The porcine subject was then sacrificed, frozen, sectioned and photographed. These sectional photographs were then compared with those obtained from the CT method. Tabulated cross-sectional mass and inertia tensor obtained from CT scans of the porcine subject were also used to compare with similar results derived from previously completed CT scans of the 3 yr old female child specimen. In particular, the comparisons were made on the location of the center of gravity and the inertia tensor in the head, neck, head and neck and cervical spine regions. Some immediate applications of this data are inputs to finite element models, lumped parameter biodynamic models, computer simulation of vehicle crash victims, and dummy design.