Picture Of World Research Articles

Exploring health inequities through the actor‐network theory lens

AbstractSocial theory plays an important role in the nursing discipline and nursing inquiry as it helps conceptually embed nursing in the larger picture of the social world. For example, a broad category of critical theory provides a unique lens for uncovering social conditions of inequity and oppression. Among the sociological theories, actor‐network theory (ANT) is an approach to research and analysis that has recently gained interest among nurse philosophers and researchers. Studies guided by ANT seek to understand phenomena of interest as constituted within the relationships between human and nonhuman actors to understand how care practices are co‐created/enacted and how they can be made more humane. In this paper, we describe the benefits of ANT for examining healthcare access for incarcerated individuals with life‐limiting illnesses accessing palliative care and for people using illicit drugs. We argue that attention to the materiality of care practices can contribute to efforts of advancing health equity for these groups.

Axiological paradigm in the Russian picture of the world (based on F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel "The Brothers Karamazov")

The article defines the concept of "axiological paradigm" in its broad and narrow senses. Additionally, it considers axiological paradigm types, describes units with value-expressed content belonging to different levels. The characterisation of the anthropocentric paradigm of the conceptual field of the axiological paradigm is formed on the basis of the identified genetic semes and sense-making principles. They reflect the types of human relationships with reality and unreality and determine the boundaries of the core and peripheral zones of the field. Axiological meanings are conveyed primarily by verbs, nouns, and adjectives since these categories are the main expressors of the internal properties and semantic features of a particular conceptual field. Qualitative-quantitative differences in meanings are reflected both in the axiological paradigm and in the literary text: the creation of the lexical semantic field "Value", the use of linguistic units characterising material, intellectual, and spiritual values. The concepts "Faith", "Family", "Honour" dominate the linguo-cognitive axiological paradigm. They reveal the relationship between language, thinking, and communication. In the Russian picture of the world, the dominating moral and spiritual values not only convey the attitude towards God, but also become a qualitative characteristic of man. The analysis of the axiological paradigm in the Russian world picture is performed using the text of F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel "The Brothers Karamazov". The narrator devotes his careful attention to the establishment of moral values, the religious and philosophical beliefs of the characters in the novel, as well as their relationships and conflicts which are based on these values.

Linguistic-discursive peculiarities of pronominal usage in political discourse (based on the material of the political talk show "60 Minutes")

This paper considers the specific features of the functioning of pronouns in political discourse. We analyse their role in the speech of the presenters and guests of the "60 Minutes" talk show. It belongs to the television discussion genre whose function is to form a collective political world picture by projecting and broadcasting certain images and meanings. The relevance of the research is due to the need not only for studying communication strategies and tactics in political actors’ speech, but also for analysing the impact of linguistic means on public opinion formation and transformation. Considering pronouns in the functional aspect enables us to identify the characteristic features that make pronouns one of the most effective means of speech influence (persuasion). Possessing manipulative potential, words of this morphological class can participate in the implementation of numerous communicative strategies and tactics, including the upward and downward strategies, the tactics of self-presentation, cooperation, impersonal accusation, discrediting, and the "us–them" opposition. The research uses discourse analysis, interpretation and contextual analysis techniques, and the communicative-pragmatic approach. As the obtained data show, pronouns can be employed to impose certain beliefs and opinions, to enhance the sense of unity and solidarity between the speaker and the audience, to shift the emphasis in the event under discussion. Moreover, they also prove to be a significant characteristic of politicians, reflecting their worldview.

Historical and cultural dimensions of the philosophy of the future: globalisation and identity

The purpose of the research is to highlight the prospects for the influence of philosophy in the context of the socio-cultural dichotomy associated with the confrontation between the principles of globalisation and identity. The turn of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries was marked by a focus on the synergistic potential in the worldview paradigm, which corresponded to the meanings of global character. At the same time, the dialectical component of society's development has retained its influence, expressing the desire of a person or community to preserve identity. The purpose of the article is to identify the specifics of philosophical thought within the two dominant dimensions of socio-cultural progress - interaction and confrontation. Achieving a balance between these two tendencies is the key to harmonising the world picture and avoiding destructive manifestations of a socio-cultural nature. The methodological basis of the study is focused on the analysis of philosophical ideas on the historical and cultural status of man, society and civilisation. The analysis of scientific and philosophical works was carried out within the framework of a variation sample, which allowed to use both philosophical and dialectical, as well as synergistic methodological potential. The results of the study point to the levelling of the positions of the philosophical interpretation of globalisation and identity in the socio-cultural discourse. The analysis of 50 philosophical works published over the past five years has demonstrated approximately equal indicators in the cultural and historical characteristics of social activity. This indicates that the worldview paradigm of our time is at the stage of choosing a strategy for civilisational development, considering the two most popular ways of development: globalisation and identity. The research perspectives are focused on the role of philosophical interpretation of the prospects for socio-cultural development. Strategic thinking is an advantage of the philosophical potential in terms of forming a strategy for civilisational progress. Conclusion. Contemporary philosophical discourse is at the stage of determining the dominant strategy for the development of a person, community and humanity. Globalisation and identity reflect the principles of two fundamental worldviews - dialectics and synergy. The role of philosophy involves a thorough description of these two socio-cultural dimensions in order to determine a favourable scenario for the development of society.

Reflection of the concept of “SUPERSTITIONS” in the linguistic picture of the world of the Spanish, French, British, Americans and Russians

The article is devoted to studying the specifics of implementation of the concept «SUPERSTITIONS», which is an integral part of the national and cultural identity of any ethnic group, in Spanish, French, British, American and Russian linguocultures in the modern period. The analysis of the language material shows that this phenomenon is widespread in modern Spanish, French, English and Russian. The main function of superstitions - prognostic, predictive - is manifested both at the national and international level. The article examines the content of superstitious views of Spanish, French, British, Americans and Russians, analyzing ways and means for representing the concept of «SUPERSTITIONS» in the linguistic cultures, and highlights the common and distinctive features of this concept in the Spanish, French, British, American and Russian language pictures of the world. The authors of the research used methods such as theoretical literature review, comparative analysis, continuous sampling, as well as observation and generalization. The novelty of the research is to carry out comparative analysis of various aspects of the concept «SUPERSTITIONS» in the material of Spanish, French, English and Russian languages, as well as to identify the dynamics of functional development of this concept in Spanish, French, British, American and Russian world pictures. The study showed that although the grammatical aspects of the expression of the concept «SUPERSTITIONS» are comparable in modern Spanish, French, English and Russian languages, however, there are marked differences in the interpretation of the consequences of the same events and phenomenon in the different linguistic pictures of the world being studied. The results of the study in a practical plane can be used to solve a wide range of problems related to the characteristics of intercultural interaction of Spanish, French, British, Americans and Russians.

The female image of Dangyna in the linguistic picture of the Tuvan world

The article is devoted to the linguocognitive analysis of the image of Dangyna in the linguistic picture of the Tuvan world. The aim of the article is to analyse the image of Dangyna in the linguistic worldview of the Tuvan people, which has undergone transformations from ancient folkloric representations to fiction and modern reality. Dangyna is the daughter of the Khan, the bride of the main hero in epic works. In the popular perception of the Tuvinians, Dangyna appears as the ideal young woman, a companion of the hero, combining beauty, kindness and, despite her young age, intelligence, inner strength and flexibility of character. Thus, the image of Dangyna reflects not only a fragment of the aesthetic vision of the Tuvan world, but also the social role of a woman, an assistant, an adviser to the hero, whose extraordinary wisdom allows her to inspire a man to military exploits, while remaining in the background of epic events. The image of the Dangyna in the traditional ethical and moral representations of the Tuvinians has feminine virtues, which are most widely revealed in epic and fairy-tale folklore, transformed into myths. In modern works of fiction, the image of Dangyna manifests itself in two ways: as a national standard of comparison for literary heroines; as a special character in fiction. The results of an associative experiment and observation of contemporary events related to the spiritual and cultural values of Tuvan society show that modern ideas among speakers of the Tuvan linguistic culture mainly preserve ancient ideas about femininity in the image of Dangyna. The result of the analysis showed that the evaluative component of the image helps to reveal the peculiarity of this image. Dangyna's appearance and inner qualities complement each other, creating an ideal image of femininity in the popular imagination. The study is based on a linguocognitive analysis of Tuvan epics, fairy tales, non-fabulous prose, Tuvan fiction, the results of an associative experiment, and observations of modern social phenomena.

Transdisciplinary understanding of the fundamental and practice-oriented nature of pedagogical education

Relevance. Increasing of fundamentality and practice-oriented nature are two important strategies for development of pedagogical education at the present stage. Fundamentalization ensures the formation of deep basic knowledge system, defines a holistic scientific picture of the human world. Practice orientation is revealed through a prism of gaining experience in the course of various activities, the willingness of a person to productively increase and use his or her knowledge and methods of activity to solve problems arising in the reality, orientation towards continuous self-education and self-development. The aim of the article is scientific substantiation of transdisciplinarity as a strategy for bringing together the fundamentality and practice-oriented pedagogical education at the present stage. Methodology and methods. The methodological basis of transdisciplinarity is based on the ideas of a synergetic approach. The ideas of the praxiological approach are used in determining the essential characteristics of pedagogical actions success in terms of improving the quality of professional training for teachers. The professional training of future teachers to solve comprehensively set real tasks based on the formed knowledge system and acquired experience is focused on the concept of an activity-based approach. The results of the study. The results are presented by the scientific substantiation of the integration of the fundamentality and practice-oriented training for future teachers on the basis of a transdisciplinary strategy, the definition of conditions for the formation of transdisciplinary thinking among teachers, the development of practical skills and skills for solving complex problems through the prism of diverse knowledge and methods of activity: the inclusion of teachers in project, research, experimental activities, the organization of continuing education, strengthening the nonlinearity of the development in the educational system and ensuring disciplinary flexibility, reflexive understanding of the results for activities based on the consideration of praxiological knowledge to ensure the success of pedagogical actions. Conclusion. A teacher can carry out labor pedagogical actions effectively, efficiently, technologically and safely using the pedagogical education based on a transdisciplinary basis, in close interaction of deep fundamental knowledge acquired through direct practice of skills and experience, as well as using praxiological knowledge based on an understanding of the general theory of successful activity. The presented results can be used in the development of educational programmes for pedagogical bachelor’s degree and programmes of additional professional education based on the capabilities of the digital learning environment.

Man in the Space of Freedom and Resentment: Symbolic Correlation of Existentials

Purpose. The article aims to problematize the forms of correlation between the fundamental category of freedom and the phenomenon of resentment in the context of the formation of ethical discourse, as well as to consider the symbolic mechanisms of the collective imagination in the formation of a picture of the human world. Theoretical basis. The study uses the method of historical and philosophical analysis and methods of the humanities – hermeneutics and phenomenology. Originality. An attempt is made to comprehend the correlation between freedom as a category of philosophical anthropology and practical philosophy and the phenomenon of resentment. Conclusions. The ethical category of freedom, explicitly or implicitly, significantly shapes the content of the process of choice and social action by a person, which can be manifested in discursive practices and narratives of ideologies, public opinion and collective imagination. Symbolic mechanisms of human consciousness record the paradoxical correlation and at the same time the antithesis of reality reception and meaning generation between rational awareness and existential experience, humanization and appropriation of freedom and emotional-affective, reactive attitude of a person to narratives, motives, symbols and images of resentment. At the same time, freedom can presuppose the conscious content of resentment, while resentment deforms the concept of freedom into arbitrariness or violence, appealing not only to the archaic values of tribalism, but also to the rational basis of individual freedom of the individual, on which the philosophical tradition of the West is based. The resentful forms of thinking and emotional reception of reality function as symbolic constructions, that is, they can have a wide and internally contradictory field of interpretations. Western philosophical thought has a significant potential to reinterpret the challenges of the phenomenon of resentment based on the tradition of ontotheology and ethics of discourse due to the specific rationalism of the vision of the philosophy of freedom.

FICTION AS SYNTHESIS OF MULTI-MODE MEANS OF PRESENTING NARRATIVE INFORMATION

Despite a considerable number of discoveries made in the XX and XXI centuries in the field of linguistics, there still remain a few global problems demanding their solution or treatment on the new level of scientific and social development. Amongst those, we shall mention the issue of giving a clearcut definition of fiction. This challenge has become even more difficult due to such new literary forms as digital literature, comics, fanfiction, narrative videogames, etc. Thus, the topicality of the article follows from the linguo-gnoseological importance of defining the very term “fiction” in a world with the dominance of computer technologies, providing more and more new ways of transmitting information. Our work is also motivated by the lack of serious research suggesting objective criteria for a modern piece of fiction. Hence, the research aims at specifying what can be understood as fiction in modern conditions and at characterizing the peculiarities of narrative representation in fiction today. The work is grounded on the postulates of information theory and narrative studies, coupled with classical methods of linguistic analysis. Thus, the results obtained in the process of investigation can be summarized in the following conclusions. A piece of fiction is a work of art which is built around a certain narrative. Its aesthetic component is shaped by the latter and by the communicative goal set up by the author. Narrative here is codified by means of verbal (and sometimes non-verbal) signs and presents an extra-lingual situation arousing the reader’s interest since it reflects or has nothing to do with their own cognitive experience, teases their ability to predict the plotline and influences their world pictures in the process of indirect communication with the author. The very existence of a number of modes objectivizing one and the same narrative (or its close invariants), like movies, comics, fanfiction, gamebooks, videogames, etc., enhances the reader’s immersion and the impact made by the narrative, granting the audience multi-existence and generating a new Gestalt-like quasi-universe in their minds.

Ontological and philosophical basis of the causal status of ethnopsychological idiosyncrasy in translation/interpretation

The causal status of the phenomenon of ethnopsychological idiosyncrasy is considered in the article in relation to the process of translation in the format of activity ontology. In translation studies, activity ontology uses not only comparison of idiomatic units and structures, but also, for research purposes, draws on textual, cultural, psychological, philosophical, pragmatic, cognitive and other aspects and phenomena which underlie translation process as a unique manifestation of interlingual and intercultural mediation. The activity paradigm opened up new prospects for studying fundamental problems of the translation theory. Among these problems are factors (determinants) of an adequate translation that are prerequisites of a translator’s work. Ethnopsychological idiosyncrasy, the concepts world picture and closely connected world idiomatic picture are considered from philosophical, and linguistic perspectives as well as from the point of view of translation theory.The article proves the causal status of ethnopsychological idiosyncrasy as one of the most important factors determining translation activity. In order not to “lose yourself ” in the idiomatic picture of the target language, which is conditio sine qua non for an adequate translation, translators should possess professional skills to overcome conceptual stereotypes and peculiarities of the ethnic and psychological idiosyncrasy in the source language. If it doesn’t happen, translations are perceived as not quite natural and therefore are not fully adequate.The differences in ethnic and psychological peculiarities in the communities, which enter into bilingual communication, form an ethnic and psychological differential, which should be neutralized during translation.The author established certain manifestations of the Spanish ethnic and psychological idiosyncrasy relevant for the translator’s communicative activity in the Spanish-Russian idiomatic combination.

Semantic dynamics of the lexeme ‘pensioner’ in Russian linguistic culture

Socio-economic changes, reforms of the pension system have transformed the perception of old age by Russian language native speakers. The authors deal with the dynamics of the semantic volume of the lexeme ‘pensioner’, caused by the above-mentioned extra-linguistic factors. The aim of the study is to describe the semantic transformation of the lexeme ‘pensioner’ representing the concepts ‘pensioner’, ‘pension’ and ‘old age’. The material of the research was the data of the National Corpus of the Russian Language for the period from 1995 to 2021, lexicographic sources, data of the associative experiment, which identified the conceptual, value-oriented and image-bearing components of the concepts ‘pensioner’, ‘pension’ and ‘old age’. The method of analysis and generalization of linguistic material from lexicographic sources, associative experiment, and the method of component analysis were used. The analysis of verbal elements reflecting cultural, traditional and value representations of Russian language speakers presented the dynamics of the semantics of the lexeme ‘pensioner’, its semantic transformation, which reflects changes in the Russian linguistic world picture. Semantic merisms identified as a result of contrastive analysis of potential associations allowed to present the semantic volume of the word considering the extra-linguistic data. As a result, the data were obtained, which can be used in lexicographic sources when defining the lexeme ‘pensioner’. Theoretical and practical approaches to modeling of Russian linguistic-cultural concepts are generalized. This reveals cultural and moral dominants of Russian language speakers and sacred meanings of the Russian culture.

Ethik (Ethics)

Does Goethe’s work contain an ethical system? Goethe’s life coincided with the flowering and end of ethics as a philosophical discipline, and his two Wilhelm Meister novels—Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre (1795–96; Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship) and Wilhelm Meisters Wanderjahre, oder die Entsagenden (1821/29; Wilhelm Meister’s Journeyman Years, or the Renunciants)—constitute a reflection in the position of the individual in the Age of Ethics. In the Lehrjahre, Goethe narrates the travails of the individual in a world no longer secured by the moral cosmology of Christianity, while, in the Wanderjahre, he paints a picture of a fragmented world, dominated by the single value of utility, in which the individual seems scarcely to play any role at all. Each novel contains a sustained engagement with a philosophical ethics—the former, that of Kant and his notion of the Ideal; the latter, that of Spinoza and the relationship between the part and whole—that it seeks not to represent, but rather to adapt as a narrative and hermeneutic practice. In this way, both Wilhelm Meister novels stand, together, as one single plea for an artistic ethics in a world at once administered and disintegrating.

Сравнение фрейма «Преподаватель» в русской и китайской языковых картинах мира (на материале ассоциативного эксперимента)

The problems of linguistic representation of the world picture (including the national one) are among the most actively discussed in modern linguistics. One of the ways to describe the linguistic picture of the world is a frame. The article is devoted to the comparison of the frame “Teacher” represented in two linguistic world pictures (English and Chinese). The aim of the study is to compare two representations of the frame and to identify similarities and differences in their structures. The results of the study suggest that despite having some similarities, the nodes in the frames most often do not coincide in terms of volume, content and linguistic representation.

ЖИЗНЬ И СМЕРТЬ ВЛАДИМИРА ЗАЗУБРИНА

The purpose of research is to study the life and work of the first Soviet writer Vladimir Yakovlevich Zazubrin. His biography is described in detail and a brief description of his works is given. It is shown that the life of this person was full of bright and dynamic events. Zazubrin managed to be an underground revolutionary, a participant in the Civil War on both sides, a political worker and a Soviet writer. Impressed by the events of the Civil War, Zazubrin published his first novel, “Two Worlds,” which immediately gained popularity among Red Army soldiers, workers and peasants. After this, the writer becomes the editor of the Sibirskie Ogni (Siberian Lights) magazine and heads the Simbirsk Writers Union. However, in his works the writer tried to raise pressing problems of our time and, being a convinced communist, he remained an artist, trying to capture and show the unsightly picture of Soviet reality during the NEP (New Economic Policy) period. Many of his works, such as Shchepka (Sliver) and Blednaia Pravda (Pale Truth) raised the question of the appropriateness of revolutionary terror, the problem of unresolved social problems after the revolution, as well as the place and role of man in a post-revolutionary society. Unfortunately, the realistic picture of the post-revolutionary world by V.Ya. Zazubrin was negatively perceived by many Soviet party leaders, writers and literary critics. This became the reason for constant attacks on the writer’s work. In addition, in 1928, Zazubrin became a victim of group intrigues in the writing community and the beginning of the fight against the opposition, because of which he lost his post as editor of the Sibirskie Ogni (Siberian Lights) magazine and was expelled from the party. In all subsequent years, Vladimir Yakovlevich tried to rehabilitate his name before the party. Thanks to the intercession of M. Gorky, he managed to become a member of the USSR Writers' Union and publish his novel Gory (Mountains) about collectivization. However, despite his efforts, Zazubrin was never able to fit organically into the Soviet system, and then was crushed by it as an alien element.

Систематизация фразеологизмов англоязычного правового дискурса

The purpose of the research is to develop a thematic classification of English phraseological units functioning within the framework of legal discourse, taking into account their correlation with the professional world picture of a lawyer. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that the author created a thematic classification of phraseological units according to the principle “from the concept – to the phraseological unit”, which can become the basis in the compilation of an ideographic dictionary of English phraseological units under study. As a result of the research, it was substantiated for the first time that all phraseology of the macro field “Law” can be divided into three phraseological fields: general legal phraseology, phraseology of procedural law and phraseology of substantive law. The analysis undertaken showed that the identified fields of phraseological units include phraseological units of a terminological or non-terminological nature, which can differ in their structure, origin, stylistic marking, semantic fusion, and degree of correlation with the legal sphere. The results obtained indicate that phraseological fields are open and dynamic. In the course of the research, it was also established that the phraseological field of substantive law is the most voluminous in quantitative terms and heterogeneous in relation to the concepts represented, which made it possible to further systematize it with the allocation of phraseological microfields. The study is conducted on the basis of the English language.

Political Discourse Analysis of Donald Trump’s Rhetoric: A Linguistic Study of Cognition and Discursivity

To elucidate the deliberate use of Islamophobia in the political sphere, this study carefully examines Donald Trump's presidential campaign speeches using political discourse analysis (PDA). Trump’s Islamophobic position in political discourse has sparked a global discussion. His divisive political language during the 2016 elections contributed to an overall rise in incidents showing hatred for Muslims in the America by painting a poor picture of the Muslim world. The present study employs the theoretical framework of Van Dijk (1998) to examine the socio-political contexts of the discourse: participants’ insight (their goals, relevant knowledge and their belief system), group organization, power dynamics, as well as favourable and unfavourable perceptions of “us” against “them”. The purpose of the work is to highlight the processes by which Islamophobia is created, propagated, and normalised in public discourse. The nature of the current investigation involves heterogeneous techniques. It analyzes the text using PDA methods. Additionally, it computes word frequency to determine the proportion of positive to negative terms in Donald Trump's political speech. The analysis reveals that political leaders use language as a tool to serve their own political ends. This study focusses on understanding the complex interplay between language, power, and ideology in contemporary political communication. By shedding light on the pervasive influence of Islamophobia as a political strategy, it underscores the imperative of critically engaging with political discourse to challenge hegemonic narratives, and to foster all-inclusive and democratic societies. Political leaders frequently employ language as a weapon to further their agendas. This research work highlights the necessity of critically interacting with political discourse to challenge dominant narratives and promote inclusive and democratic societies by bringing to light the pervasive influence of Islamophobia as a political strategy.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНИЙ ОПИС ТА ДЕФІНІЦІЇ ЯК ОСНОВА МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ СТРУКТУРИ КОНЦЕПТОСФЕРИ «REHABILITATION» В АНГЛОМОВНІЙ КАРТИНІ СВІТУ

The focus of the research is the modeling of the concept sphere "rehabilitation" in the English-speaking world picture and the identification, definition and understanding of the structure of the concept and the inherent systemic connections of this concept sphere. This article examines the problem of defining the term "rehabilitation", which is understood as a field of knowledge consisting of concepts as its units, and the problem of system organization. Based on the analysis of scientific papers, the contextual corpus of the language is not homogeneous both in terms of its systematic organization and from the perspective of the laws of connectivity and ways of combining concepts with each other, therefore, within the framework of this article, the problem of their systematic organization is considered. The relevance of the study is due to the deepening of the study of the communicative and functional aspect of the language and the lack of analysis of the concept of "rehabilitation" in the English language system. The aim of the work is to develop a comprehensive analysis of the content and features of the organization of the "rehabilitation" concept sphere by identifying linguistic means that verbalize the analyzed concept sphere in the English-language medical discourse. The following general scientific and linguistic methods are used at various stages of concept research: continuous sampling method - selection of researched nominations, definitional and component analysis; etymological analysis; contextual analysis; structural-semantic analysis. The article presents a description of the concept sphere "rehabilitation" based on lexicographic sources, as well as reveals and describes the features of the components of its subconcepts and mini-concepts through lexical and phraseological means of linguistic objectification, presents a model of the structure of the concept sphere.

Миромоделирующие природные образы в нанайском фольклоре

Regional folklore texts contain cultural and ethnic meanings, the interpretation of which reveals the perception of the surrounding world by the population of this or that locus, their religious and mythological beliefs and national spiritual values. This paper studies the images of the river and taiga presented in the folklore of the Nanai people, one of the indigenous peoples of the Amur region. These natural images are world-modeling, as they construct the world picture of the autochthonous population of the region. The analysis demonstrates the ambivalent feelings of the Nanai toward the Amur River and the taiga surrounding their camp, which are both natural treasures and formidable destructive forces. The main river of the region and the taiga are anthropomorphic in the indigenous population’s perception. The world-modeling function of natural images is also manifested in the Nanai people’s recognition of the role of ancestor for the inhabitants of these landscape phenomena of the Far East.

The <i>eye</i> lexeme conceptual sphere in differently structured languages: Based on paroemias

The article is devoted to the comparative typological analysis of Russian, English and Japanese paroemias with the eye lexeme глаз /eye /目[me] in terms of cognitive linguoculturology as one of the most dynamically developing areas in modern linguistics. We focus on the issues of the formation mechanism of the conceptual models within the framework of paremias in differently structured languages. The purpose of the study is to identify and describe paremias with the eye lexeme глаз /eye /目[me] as a micromodel of reality, reflecting the way of understanding, perception and conceptualization of the world by native speakers of Russian, English and Japanese. The subject of the study is the semantics and structure of paremiological units, such as proverbs, sayings and signs reflecting a certain nationally oriented way of the surrounding reality encoding. The comparative analysis, considering the paradigmatic and syntagmatic combinations of the eye lexeme глаз /eye /目[me] in differently structured languages, allows us to conclude that the paremiological units’ analysis contributes to the reconstruction of the so-called naive world picture, referring to earlier, ancient life periods of the particular people. The core of the national concept is the referential lexeme meaning, the peripheral layer is characterized by variability, since it reflects not only the territorial conditions, but also ancient traditions, customs, beliefs of the particular people. To achieve the goal of the undertaken research, we used the traditional descriptive and lexicographic methods, in addition to the comparative linguistic and cultural methods.

MITOS DALAM KAMPANYE POLITIK

One form of audio-visual mass media that is capable of conveying information effectively is a film, both in the form of fiction and documentary. Mass art, especially film, can bring a picture of the contemporary world to the public at large, increase political awareness, encourage world surveillance, and bring social critical images. Through film, directors can convey messages and raise a phenomenon that occurs in society. Roland Barthes's semiotic analysis is very relevant to use in studying a film because a film consists of various interrelated signs. The signs include various sign systems that work together to achieve the desired effect. In Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis, the film has a meaning consisting of a signifier and a signified. The research method used is qualitative with primary data sources from the film Our Brand Is Crisis. Researchers used data collection techniques through observation and documentation. Roland Barthes' Semiotic Analysis in this study is used to interpret the meaning of the signs in the film, which consists of five stages: identifying signs, analyzing denotative and connotative meanings, determining social, cultural, and historical contexts, and analyzing the myths contained in signs. the. The goal is to understand and express meaning in film and how the social and cultural context shapes it.