Pico-projector Research Articles

STUDY ON POCKET PROJECTORS: THE FUTURE OF PORTABLE PROJECTION TECHNOLOGY

The design characteristics of the DLP pocket projector divide it into two parts. The illumination system is one of them. It has LEDs in red, green, and blue. In order to illuminate the dichroic filter collimated, each of them has a collimator. It combines three wavelengths of light through dichroic filters. The micro-lens array, condenser, and TIR prism are the final components that are used to uniformly illuminate DMD and reduce the size of the illumination system. The imaging system is the other. In accordance with the DMD standard; the point of view, successful central length, the relationship of imaging and item and imaging nature of the focal point can be characterised. The lens was well-designed and conformed to the standards thanks to the use of optical simulation software like Code V and ZEMAX. In the end, the production tolerance was looked at. In this plan, the typical light productivity of three frequencies Drove on DMD is 51.13%, and the typical consistency on DMD is 95.17%. The average uniformity and light efficiency of the screen are 87.3% and 44%, respectively.

Portable Projections: Analyzing Cocreated Site-Specific Video Walks

The author discusses key findings of a series of video walks developed as part of her practice-based PhD research (2011–2014). Four video walks were produced for handheld projectors and tested in four different public spaces. The first video walks ( The Surface Inside, 2011; I-Walk, 2012) were guided, and only one handheld projector was available. The latter ( Walk-itch, 2013; (wh)ere land, 2014) were created for multiple handheld projectors, offering participants a cocreative role. Onsite observations revealed a shift in participant engagement between earlier and later video walks. A threefold method for analyzing audiovisual documentation also emerged during the research.

Direct augmented reality computed tomographic angiography technique (ARC): an innovation in preoperative imaging

Background Since the advent of free tissue transfer approximately 40 years ago, constant improvement particularly in the preoperative planning phase has led to flap success rate reaching 99% and improved patient outcomes. The use of imaging, such as computed tomographic angiography (CTA) or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), for preoperative planning is now routine. However, current image modalities are restricted by being represented in two dimensions (2D) and have led to clinicians seeking novel methods of utilising the scan data, such as augmented (AR) or virtual reality (VR) and holograms. These mixedreality devices facilitate a natural mode of visual perception and have the capacity to introduce tactile feedback. However, most AR devices are currently expensive, bulky and complicated and require tedious image registration processes. We illustrate our projector-based direct AR technique using CTA, or ARC, for preoperative planning. Methods Our bespoke ARC method consists of compact, affordable hardware (MacBook, Philips pocket projector and a 15-cm ruler) and free, open-source software (OsiriX). We have utilised this technique in six cases of perforator flaps of the thigh and abdomen (anterolateral thigh (ALT), transverse upper gracilis (TUG) and deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flaps. Results In all cases, 3D-reconstructed images of perforators from CTA were accurately projected onto the donor site. System calibration was rapid and convenient to use. Conclusions We illustrate a novel technique of projector-based AR CTA (or ARC) for preoperative planning in perforator flaps. The technique is affordable and readily reproducible. Level of Evidence: Level IV, diagnostic study.

Focus-Plus-Context Techniques for Picoprojection-Based Interaction

In this paper, we report on novel zooming interface methods that deploy a small handheld projector. Using mobile projections to visualize object/environment-related information on real objects introduces new aspects for zooming interfaces. Different approaches are investigated that focus on maintaining a level of context while exploring detailed information. Doing so, we propose methods that provide alternative contextual cues within a single projector and deploy the potential of zoom lenses to support a multilevel zooming approach. Furthermore, we look into the correlation between pixel density, distance to the target, and projection size. Alongside these techniques, we report on multiple user studies, in which we quantified the projection limitations and validated various interactive visualization approaches. Thereby, we focused on solving issues related to pixel density, brightness, and contrast that affect the design of more effective legible zooming interfaces for handheld projectors.

A Numerical Study on Natural Convection Heat Transfer of Handheld Projectors with a Fin Array

This study numerically investigates the effects of the number of bottom openings and the fin spacing on both the natural convection heat transfer and airflow field of the handheld projector with various orientations. The horizontally-oriented 120 mm × 53 mm × 19 mm handheld projector, which had 11 bottom openings and was installed with either 7 plate fins or 13 rows of square pin, was considered as the primary case. The fin number varied from 6 plates to 13 plates or from 7 pin rows to 16 pin rows, while the bottom openings varied from 11 to 15 in this study with handheld projector held at a specified inclination ranging from −90° to 90°. The results showed that the heat transfer coefficient of a specific surface of the plate-fin array installed in the primary handheld projector increased from 6 to 7 W/m2·K as the heating power increased from 2 W to 7 W. The optimal fin spacing in the handheld projector possessing 11 bottom openings was 2.875 mm and 3.375 mm for the plate-fin and pin-fin, respectively, at a heating power of 7 W. Although the velocity magnitude of the airflow between fins increased as the bottom opening increased, it was not able to offset the reduction of the airflow velocity resulting from the fin spacing reduction.

A Novel Approach to Surgical Markings Based on a Topographical Map and a Projected 3D Hologram

PURPOSE: Surgical markings play a crucial role in planning plastic surgery procedures.1,2 Despite the importance of markings as a guide, these surgical markings are often imprecise.3 Herein we describe a novel approach to lipostructure, guided by a computer-based roadmap. A digital 3D topographical surgical map is created using 3D photography and analytic software and then projected as an image onto the patient in the OR during surgery. This concept can be applied to most soft tissue procedures in plastic surgery. METHODS: Patients undergoing autologous fat grafting for facial asymmetry had pre-operative 3D photographs taken using the handheld VECTRA® H1 (Canfield© 2013). A hemi-composite model was created by bisecting the 3D photograph at the midline and reflecting the non-deficient hemiface. A color gradient represented the projection difference between the defect and the reference surface. (Figure 1) To create the topographic map, the color gradient was traced at 2mm projection intervals. The map was uploaded onto a iPhone 5s® and projected onto the patient using a hand-held LED Pocket Projector (axaa Technologies, USA). (Figure 2) Colored marking pens assigned to specific projection values were used to trace the map on the patient. RESULTS: Fat was injected according to the region and degree of deficiency as indicated on the topographic map, beginning centrally in the most deficient regions. The map was projected onto the patient intra-operatively for further guidance. By referencing markings generated by computer analysis and surgical simulation, the surgeon has access to a soft tissue surgical plan that precisely describes the relevant anatomy and may highlight areas not appreciated on physical exam.Figure 1: Creating the hemi-composite from reflection of non-deficient hemiface.Figure 2: Projection of topographic map and transfer to the patient for intra-operative guidance.CONCLUSION: This paper offers the first report of soft-tissue computer surgical planning using a projected 3D topographic map as a guide for surgical marking. Rather than relying surgeon assessment alone, we applied 3D surface scanning technology to perform an objective symmetry analysis on the computer, and then translated this virtual plan to the operating room using a projected hologram. Topographic maps are a simplified translation of the complex three-dimensional facial contour. They provide an easy-to-follow guide tailored to the patient’s unique volume needs which are often not appreciated on standard 2D photographs. The value of this technology and its applications in other aspects of plastic surgery has yet to be explored, but offers great potential.

Confined projection on selected sub-surface using a robust binary-coded pattern for pico-projectors

Traditional projection environments typically comprise projectors and custom-built projection screens in a static setting. However, with the availability of embedded and standalone pico-projectors, the representative use-case of such hand-held projectors is shifting from static to mobile. Users are increasingly using such devices to project content in random indoor environments that are cluttered and hence not completely suitable for projection. This paper proposes a robust binary-coded pattern that enables the reliable selection of a clutter-free sub-surface from within the projected area and thus allows the confinement of projection to the selected sub-region. Experiments confirm that the proposed pattern provides better resilience to the detection errors as compared to the state-of-the-art binary-coded patterns for the case of mobile-grade low-resolution pico-projectors.

Wide-converter lens design for a pico projector.

In this paper, we propose a concept for the design of a 0.702× wide-converter lens for a 0.3in. digital micromirror device. This 0.702× wide-converter lens is capable of enlarging the size of the original projected image at the same projection distance. This 0.702× wide-converter lens is attached in front of the projection lens of a pico projector (PP). Compared with the projection lens of a PP without the 0.702× wide-converter lens, there is an increase in the size of the original projected image of 42.4% at the same projection distance. In other words, there is a saving of projection distance of 29.78% to obtain a projected image of the same size.

Sixth Sense Technology: A Variant for Upcoming Technologies

‘Sixth sense’ is a way of opening up to the vast world which cannot be identified by five senses. Mr. Steve Mann in 1990 started working on this idea which led to the innovation of ‘Sixth sense technology’ using a Telepointer, a wearable device for the experience of visuals on real world objects. His wok was then carried on by a younger lad, Pranav Mistry. Sixth sense device is based on gesture interactions and its interface, a kind of device which doesn’t need to carry any big attribute like a camera or watch. Six sense technology is a new & interesting stream of technology, which can be the most approachable as it is all about interacting with the digiworld directly. The device uses mirror, camera, pocket projector, smart phone & color markers to identify any object or some view and then it imparts it over the real world.

Feasibility Study of Utilizing Ultraportable Projectors for Endoscopic Video Display (With Videos)

Modern endoscopy requires video display. Recent miniaturized, ultraportable projectors are affordable, durable, and offer quality image display. Explore feasibility of using ultraportable projectors in endoscopy. Prospective bench-top comparison; clinical feasibility study. Masked comparison study of images displayed via 2 Samsung ultraportable light-emitting diode projectors (pocket-sized SP-HO3; pico projector SP-P410M) and 1 Microvision Showwx-II Laser pico projector. BENCH-TOP FEASIBILITY STUDY: Prerecorded endoscopic video was streamed via computer. CLINICAL COMPARISON STUDY: Live high-definition endoscopy video was simultaneously displayed through each processor onto a standard liquid crystal display monitor and projected onto a portable, pull-down projection screen. Endoscopists, endoscopy nurses, and technicians rated video images; ratings were analyzed by linear mixed-effects regression models with random intercepts. All projectors were easy to set up, adjust, focus, and operate, with no real-time lapse for any. Bench-top study outcomes: Samsung pico preferred to Laser pico, overall rating 1.5 units higher (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.7-2.4), P < .001; Samsung pocket preferred to Laser pico, 3.3 units higher (95% CI = 2.4-4.1), P < .001; Samsung pocket preferred to Samsung pico, 1.7 units higher (95% CI = 0.9-2.5), P < .001. The clinical comparison study confirmed the Samsung pocket projector as best, with a higher overall rating of 2.3 units (95% CI = 1.6-3.0), P < .001, than Samsung pico. Low brightness currently limits pico projector use in clinical endoscopy. The pocket projector, with higher brightness levels (170 lumens), is clinically useful. Continued improvements to ultraportable projectors will supply a needed niche in endoscopy through portability, reduced cost, and equal or better image quality.

ハンドヘルドプロジェクタの遅延追従投影による目標交差インタフェース

We propose the a process concept of delayed tracking projection (DTP) for handheld projectors, in which (1) a pointer cursor sticks to the optical axis of the projector, (2) a user can moves the cursor in projected contents by moving the projector, and (3) the center of the contents tracks the cursor with a short delay. We combine the this DTP technique with a goal crossing interface. The aim objective of this paper study is to conduct an user experiment to understand determine how to design the an interface which that allows users to perform quick goal crossings at a low false selection rate. The Results of an experiment we conducted with a prototype system revealed the effects of delay, target distance, and target direction on goal crossing performances.

Virtual Class room using six sense Technology

Sixth Sense is a revolutionary technology that can be used to access digital information in the world with wearable gestures. This paper focuses on various applications of six sense technology in educational purpose and how a virtual classroom, can be conducted anywhere, anytime with the help of six sense technology. Sometimes, It may happen professor or students has the limitations of not carrying the laptop. Therefore, with the help of six sense technologies, It will allow students, professors, researchers to interact with our world like never before. Six sense technology introduces the concept of online multimedia experience as various journals, articles can be accessed anywhere without having computer and without being connected to Internet .It can also recognize articles and newspaper, retrieve the latest related stories or video from the internet and then display them on pages for user. User may not necessary use dictionary or encyclopedia. We can get information on anything we want from anywhere within a few moments. Human figures can be made as keypad where students can perform all the calculations. Researchers' can capture the images without having camera .Human fingers works like the keyboard as well as the mouse. All the typed documents can be converted into digital notes It is a hi-tech device that allows users to be part of the physical world and still access the digital information existing on the World Wide Web by using natural hand gestures .Using Sixth Sense technology in class rooms will creates a more stimulating learning environment .The Sixth Sense prototype is comprised of a pocket projector, a mirror, colored marker and a camera. These components are coupled in a pendant like mobile wearable device. The camera, mirror and projector is connected wirelessly to a blue tooth smart phone device that can easily fit into the user's pocket.. The key here is that sixth sense recognizes the objects around you and displaying the information automatically and letting you access it in any way you want.

A Mobile Mixed-Reality Environment for Children's Storytelling Using a Handheld Projector and a Robot

This paper describes a system called GENTORO that uses a robot and a handheld projector for supporting children's storytelling activities. GENTORO differs from many existing systems in that children can make a robot play their own story in a physical space augmented by mixed-reality technologies. Pilot studies have been conducted to clarify the design requirements of GENTORO from both technological and practical viewpoints. A user study indicates that GENTORO's ability to enable manipulation of a robot using a handheld projector in a physical space can enhance children's embodied participation in, and their level of engagement with, their storytelling activities, and can support children in designing and expressing creative and original stories.

73.4L: Late‐News Paper: Miniature, Highly Efficient, and Low Cost Green Laser Source for Pico‐Projectors

AbstractWe report on progress in development of the low‐cost highly efficient miniature green laser source for consumer electronics applications such as handheld and pocket projectors. The source is based on the monolithic cavity microchip with highly efficient periodically poled MgO‐doped Lithium Niobate as the frequency doubler. This design allows high power output while maintaining small package size. We demonstrate up to 250mW average power output with &gt;13% overall efficiency from the new package with total volume of 0.23cm3. We also demonstrate modulation speed of 2MHz, which, to our knowledge, is the highest, reported for the green microchip laser.

A pre-history of handheld projector-based interaction

I present a pre-history of contemporary handheld projector-based interaction to inform the design of future interactive systems. I begin by documenting the two main types of pre-cinema handheld projection from Europe and Japan, the handheld magic lantern and the utsushi-e performance. I then present a summary of projection techniques used by performers when interacting with these devices. I situate these techniques within contemporary research and illustrate how they are being used and built upon with contemporary technology. Finally, I discuss how knowledge of pre-cinema handheld projection devices, techniques, and performance can inform the design of future handheld projector systems.

Optical design for the DLP pocket projector using LED light source

The DLP [1] pocket projector can be classified into two parts according to design characteristic. One of them is illumination system. It composes of Red, Green and Blue LEDs. Each of them has a collimator to make lights illuminate dichroic filter collimated. By dichroic filters it combines three wavelengths lights together. The last part is the micro-lens array, condenser and TIR prism is used to illuminate DMD uniformly and reduce the size of illumination system. The other is imaging system. According to the standard of DMD; the angle of view, effective focal length, the relationship of imaging and object and imaging quality of the lens can be defined. By using optical simulation software, Code V and ZEMAX, the lens conform to the standards was well designed. Finally the tolerance of production was analysed. In this design, the average light efficiency of three wavelengths LED on DMD is 51.13%, and the average uniformity on DMD is 95.17%. About the screen, the average light efficiency is 44%, and the average uniformity is 87.3%.

Micromachined lens microstages for two-dimensional forward optical scanning

This work presents a novel approach for a miniaturized optical scanning module based on lateral and piston motion of two commercial lenses by MEMS actuation. Two aspheric glass lenses of 1 mm diameter are assembled on two electrostatically actuated microstages moving along perpendicular axes to tilt optical path. The compact integration secures the effective beam aperture of 0.6 mm within the device width of 2 mm. The lens mass provides high-Q motions at low operating voltages of DC 5 V and AC 10 V, i.e., the lateral angle of 4.6 degrees at 277 Hz and the vertical angle of 5.3 degrees at 204 Hz. The device can provide a new direction for miniaturizing laser scanning based endoscopes or handheld projectors.

Pinhole Cinema -Pico projectors take the floor

Pinhole Cinema -Pico projectors take the floor

3Mのピコプロジェクタについて(&lt;メカライフ特集&gt;小さく収める)

3Mのピコプロジェクタについて(&lt;メカライフ特集&gt;小さく収める)

ポケットプロジェクタ用超小型RGB合波モジュールへのマイクロ成形加工の応用展開

ポケットプロジェクタ用超小型RGB合波モジュールへのマイクロ成形加工の応用展開