PIC 16F877A Research Articles

Experimental investigations on the performance of solar cooker using nichrome heating coil—Photovoltaic with microcontroller PIC 16F877A

AbstractIn this article, a solar cooker with photovoltaic was developed and manufactured, which offers an electrical emergency power supply and a nichrome heating element in order to be able to cook even on cloudy days and nights. An effective charge controller is made with the microcontroller PIC 16F877A to charge and power the nichrome heating element wound on the cooking vessel. The charge controller prevented the battery from overcharging by effectively regulating the voltage and current from the solar panel. The current through the nichrome coil provides additional heating and the thermal energy that is absorbed by the cooker's absorber plate. Hence the hot water needs a minimum amount of auxiliary heat energy to reach the maximum temperature which is well supplied by the nichrome heating coil. Simulation study for the proposed cooker is recommended in the future to commercialize the cooker for a family of four members with minimum cost. The charge stored in the battery during the day is used to cook food at night and on cloudy days.

AUTOMATIC MEDICINE ANNOUNCEMENT SYSTEM

Automatic Medicine Announcement System is a model that is useful for medication reminder and monitoring. This system is useful for the physically challenged people, patients and deaf, dump people. It consists of 16F877A PIC Microcontroller in which program is dumped for overall process, and also IOT Module, Relay setup, LCD, 7805 regulators, sensor like heartbeat, glucose and temperature sensor not only LCD, but also AMR voice controller is available for reminding patients through loud speaker, IR sensor is used for detection of medicine taken by patient. During these days, due to mental stress people forget to take medicine at right time. So, to overcome these problems, the automatic medicine system has been designed at lower cost. KEYWORDS: PIC 16F877A; IOT Module; 7805 Regulator; LCD Display; AMR Voice controller

Low Frequency Operation and dsPIC Micro-controller Implementation for Multilevel Quasi Z Source Inverter in Photovoltaic Application

In this paper implementation of a micro-controller based pulse width modulation for multilevel quasi Z source inverter (qZSI) is presented. First implementation of component design of qZSI is taken into consideration with continuous and discontinuous operation mode. In this paper operation of multilevel qZSI with low switching frequency is presented. After this detailed modelling for qZSI is established for implementing of PIC microcontroller (PIC 16F877A) to generate the switching signals. Development ofa five-level quasi z-source inverter prototype is done and by proper adjustment of the shoot through (ST) switching state and non-shoot through (NST) switching state the control signal to the gate drivers is applied. Effective implementation of the proposed scheme is shown by the hardware result.

Development of a Computer Based Gas Turbine Instruments Test system

Due to the significant importance of gas turbine engines as it is the core of the aircr aft, the engine health status should be tested periodically. Testing methodologies are needed to conduct the engine tests required as a part of airworthiness certification. In this project, a Data Acquisition System (DAQ) was developed as a turboshaft engi ne (GTD 350) testing system. This system was developed to monitor the engine parameters for determining its condition. A PIC 16F877A microcontroller was used as the heart of the DAQ. Internal Analog to Digital Converters (ADC) acquired data from analog sig nals. The analog signals gathered from temperature, tacho generator, throttle, and pressure sensors were transformed into digital format, and then the corresponding data was sent serially to Personal Computer (PC) through a microcontroller serial port. The visual basic program was designed to convert, scale, and display these data. Furthermore, the system was designed to analyze, compare the displayed data with standard stored data, and provides automatically a troubleshooting list whenever upnormal data oc curred. The developed test system had been applied successfully and the results are accurate, reliable, and acceptable.

Microcontroller PIC 16F877A standard based on solar cooker using PV-evacuated tubes with an extension of heat integrated energy system.

The unavailability of sunlight during nighttime and cloudy weather condition has limited the usage of solar cookers throughout the day. This study will attempt to engineer a solar cooker with PV (photovoltaic panel), evacuated tubes with CPC reflectors, battery, and charge controller using the microcontroller PIC 16F877A. A mathematical model is developed to predict the electrical power (Ep) required during cloudy weather condition and nighttime as well as the temperatures occurring at different parts of the cooker. The proposed model is validated against experimental observations gathered for one of the typical working days of the system. The cooker is tested for various cooking loads to find the cooking time, and it is proven that the proposed cooker can be utilized over 24/7 without interruption.

INTELLIGENT LPG GAS LEAK DETECTION AND AUTOMATIC GAS BOOKING ALERT SYSTEM USING PIC MICROCONTROLLER

LPG gas is primarily used for cooking in our country. This paper focuses on continuous monitoring, booking and leakage detection in household LPG cylinder. In this system we have used PIC 16F877A microcontroller, GSM SIM 800c module and ESP8266 for monitoring and detection purpose. If gas level goes low, it helps us to make automatic booking of new gas cylinder using GSM module. Gas level is monitored with the help of the load cell and the current level of the cylinder can be viewed at any time in our mobile phone with the help of mobile application. The gas leakage is sensed with the help of MQ-6 gas sensor. When any leakage is detected, it turns on the buzzer and also alerts the consumer through a message. An automatic closure of cylinder valve is done using a solenoid valve and exhaust fans are switched on. By detecting gas leakage, we can avoid accidents which causes damage to life and property.

Utilization of Renewable Energy Technology in Performing some Agricultural Operations

Designing a photovoltaic system that aims to pumping air in fish tanks by air pump in order to meet the fish needs of the vital oxygen. The system consists of two circuits, load circuit and control circuit. 1. Circuit load: solar panel, Battery, charge controller and Inverter. 2. Circuit control: relay 12 V, pic microcontroller 16f877A, Transistor BC547, Diode 1N4148, Crystal 4MHZ and Capacitor 22 Pf. The analysis shows the configuration of photovoltaic 400W, 1battery of 200 Ah, inverter 1 kW and 4 charge controller 10 A. This is the most economically feasible and average cost of energy (ACOE) is about 2.6 EG₱/kWh. . “Dissolved oxygen” or DO, and is measured in parts per million or ppm in fish tank rise above 3 (stressed level).

Density based auto traffic light control system with GSM based remote override for enugu metropolis

In this paper, a density based auto traffic light control system with GSM based remote override is designed and implemented to in particular, eliminate the usual conflicting authority between the green light for the motorists/pedestrians and emergency vehicles and in general reduce very long queues of vehicular traffics at the cross-road junctions in Enugu Metropolis. Three PIC 16F877A microcontrollers, one each specifically dedicated for intelligent allocation of right of way based on vehicle densities sensing, allotting of due passage duration time, and overriding feature for emergency cases, is proposed and implemented. The traffic override is either performed by the pressure switches for density detections or the GSM module for emergency cases at any given time. The GSM remote overriding authority may be vested only on the emergency vehicle operators to override the set timing of the traffic light control system in the event of emergencies to eliminate traffic logjams and possible fatalities.

Embedded System Implementation of Shunt Active Power Filter with Direct Compensation Component Generation Using Linear Operational Amplifiers

In this paper, the principles, the design, the methodology of low cost implementation and the results of implementation of a shunt active power filter (SAPF) in the embedded system environment are presented. The system for which the SAPF is considered has a combination of linear reactive load and a three-phase-fed diode bridge rectifier that drives an RL load. The generation of the compensating signal or the reference signal is based upon the direct calculations implemented using the linear operational amplifiers. Further, the generation of the pulse width modulation (PWM) pulses is much similar to the conventional sinusoidal PWM but implemented in the embedded system platform. In this work, the built-in PWM and ADC sections of the microcontroller PIC 16F877A have been utilized for generating the PWM pulses without the requirement of an explicit carrier signal. The proposed method has been validated in MATLAB SIMULINK environment and also by an experimental prototype.

A Novel wearable therapeutic aid with intelligent information processing systems

This paper usually starts in primary childhood and its cruelty is associated with outcomes and cruelty of autism in teens and adulthood. Management is frequently behavioural. However, capable new concepts and indication are developing from neurobiology and development psychology that recognize neural adaptation, lack of environmental stimulation, arousal, and adaptive functions as key factors for the beginning and maintenance of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviours (RRBs). This paper consists of accelerometer sensor, tilt sensor, heart beat sensor, PIC microcontroller, motor with help of driver relays and IoT module. The accelerometer and tilt sensor are used to detect the child activity continuously. The sensor is fed to PIC (16F877A) microcontroller. If the sensor value crosses the threshold value, the vibration triggers the child and voice (music) will be played while in autism spectrum disorder. The IoT is used to monitor the child activity continuously.

Aplikasi PLC Menggunakan Mikrokontroler PIC 16F877A

In this study, the use of the PLC application with the PIC 16F877A microcontroller is described, starting from circuit design, assembly, and its use in several applications in PLCs including: setting railroad crossings, distributing goods on conveyors, and setting traffic lights. Programming the ladder diagram of the application is done with the LDmicro program. From the results of this study it is hoped that a PLC device that is more economical, has high reliability and is easy to operate can be made.

Advanced Design of Smart Digital Application Using PIC 16F887A Microcontroller and DS 1307 RTC

In an elegant phenomenon of the world, mechanical applications are replaced by electronic appliance. Especially digital clocks are smart application due to precisely time display and several types of reasons such as much reliable, free maintenance, portable, elegant outlook, inexpensiveness, tiny size and result accuracyy. Every electronics based modern real life application in any filed is now integrated with the digital calendar to enable the user to keep time and date anywhere at any time. It is often incorporated into all kinds of devices such as transports, traffic signal, radios, televisions, standard ovens, computers, laptop, cell phones and wireless peripheral to intellect the device in the way that would be easily enticed by human mind. Regarding the demand of digital clock, this paper presents graceful design of smart digital clock in a particular way that would not only be able to display time, it has an ability to display day of a week with real time. This research shows an embedded system which is constructed through PIC 16F877A microcontroller, DS1307 RTC and 74LS138 decoder IC.

A maximum power point tracking scheme for a 1kw stand-alone solar energy based power supply

This paper elucidates one of the tracking schemes for a photovoltaic (PV) systems using Cuk converter operating in discontinuous inductor current mode (DICM) as an interface. A method for efficiently maximizing the output power of a solar panel supplying a load or battery bus under varying meteorological conditions is investigated and results presented therein. The incremental conductance (InCond) method of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) using the Cuks dc to dc converter operating in a discontinuous inductor current mode (DICM) was modeled and studied in relation to PV system interface. Also, laboratory setup was implemented based on the model. This was the main objective of the research. Similarly, the PV simulator was also modeled alongside with Cuk converter operating in DICM. MATLAB/SIMULINK software was used to carry out simulation test. With the incremental conductance method, the problem of sustained oscillation around the maximum power point of the solar panel which is the usual characteristic of the perturbation and observation method is essentially absent. The result disclosed that the power available for the load when MPPT was applied was 1.1 kW which gives a tolerance of 0.1% to the load it powers. But without MPPT, the available power is 0.9 kW using the same number of PV panels and batteries as back up. Hence, MPPT has 17.65% edge in power delivery over non-MPPT PV powered energy supply. An experimental prototype of a 1kW, 230V, 50Hz stand-alone solar based power supply with the incremental conductance scheme was successfully implemented using PIC 16F877 microcontroller, tested and results presented therein. The experimental results agreed with the simulated results. Keywords : Maximum Power point tracking, Cuk converter, Photovoltaic system, PIC 16F877A micro-controller, inverter, batteries.

Pic 16f877a based implementation of fuzzy control algorithm for split air-conditioning system

Pic 16f877a based implementation of fuzzy control algorithm for split air-conditioning system

Design of voice-controlled wheelchair for quadriplegic patients

Powered wheelchairs with standard joysticks are difficult to control for 'Quadriplegics' patients. Wheelchair movement based on speaker's voice command will be helpful for the physically challenged people to mobilise themselves. So in this work a set of ten male and female voice commands (FORWARD, BACKWARD, LEFT, RIGHT and STOP) were recorded at different instances using a microphone and analysed how patient's voice differs from others by considering the parameters of amplitude, frequency and phase in the MATLAB software. FFT technique is used for feature extraction and smoothing the patient's voice signal. The processed signal is stored as a reference signal in LabVIEW for interfacing with hardware. The powered wheelchair movement depends on motor control and a drive system which consists of PIC 16F877A microcontroller and DC motor. Once the voice recognisation system identifies the voice command uttered by the patient, it is coded into digital signal and transferred to the PIC microcontroller which then controls the wheelchair accordingly.

Experimental Processus for Acquisition Automatic Features of I-V Properties and Temperature of the Solar Panel by Changing the Operating Point

A development of an acquisition of the characteristic of a solar panel by automatic load variation system is put into play and coupled to an instrumentation chain for taking account of temperature. A programmed digital microprocessor control enables this automation. Design and implementation of a device for automation of variations of the resistive load are powered by solar panel. It is provided by a PIC 16F877A running a computer program that we have developed on the basis of an algorithm according to the operation that we have set. By varying automatically the resistive load, we were able to automatically acquire the characteristic I-V and temperature of the solar panel. With automatic combinations of the 10 resistors, we have obtained 1024 measures of the characteristic curve of the solar cell which has a good accuracy. The change in load and temperature measurement allows us to have the characteristic curves parameterized by temperature.

Energy Efficient Microcontroller Based Wireless Transceiver Module for Robotic Vehicle

A low power, cost effective and energy efficient microcontroller (PIC 16F877A) based transceiver model has been presented. The designed model entails a combination of programmable microcontroller and relay circuitry to control the robotic vehicle through transceiver module. The model was simulated in a Mikro C environment, for communication signals from controlling side. The simulation results show an energy efficiency of 73%, with a distance of 20 meters for robotic vehicle. The results are in good agreement with theoretical understandings and show a greater efficiency, with low power consumption and reduced complexity. The simulations are found recurrent with stable findings and deemed compatible for applications.

Power Plant Station Protection System against Voltage Fluctuation

Electrical Power System protection is required to protectboth the user and the system equipment itself fromany fault, hence electrical power system is not allowed to operate without any protection devices installed. Power System fault is defined as the undesirable condition that occurs in the power system. Some of these undesirable conditions are short circuit, current leakage, ground faultand over-under voltage. With the increasing loads, voltages and short-circuit duty in power plant, over voltage protection has become more important today. Here, the component that had been used is PIC 16F877a microcontroller to control the whole system and especially on the circuit breakers as well as the LCT display unit is used to display the voltage level and type of generator that used to serve the load. Sensors are used to measure both thevoltage and the load. The controlled digital signal from PIC microcontroller is converted by using the digital analog converter to control the whole circuit. Thus a device called protective relay is created to meet this requirement. The protective relay is mostlyoften coupled with circuit breaker in a way that it can isolate the abnormal condition in the system.

PC Based Energy Efficient Wireless Transceiver Module with ZigBee

The aim of this research is to develop a low power, low cost and energy efficient transceiver model which is integrated with programmable microcontroller and ZigBee transponder. A combination of programmable microcontroller with ZigBee transponder is used to control the transceiver module with computer commands. It has b een simulated for transmitting and receiving the communication signals from any movable device with more efficiently and use low power consumption. ZigBee Transponder is preferable as compared to radio frequency identification (RFID) due to IEEE 802.15.4 standard that promises stable data transmission with low power consumption device and having higher network flexibility. PIC 16F877A programmable microcontroller with coding in Mikro C software is simulated and used with computer control instructions. Series of experiments has been conducted to ensure the stability and low power consumption of this model.

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM BASED ON WIRELESS INSTRUMENTATION TECHNIQUE TO CONTROL ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS OF A STORAGE CHAMBER

The main objective is to design a monitoring system for storage atmosphere. Controlled storage atmosphere means constant monitoring of storage environment and adjust accordingly to maintain the atmospheric parameter such as temperature, relative humidity etc. Several actuators are used for controlling the above parameters. The design and implementation of this process has been done using PIC 16F877A microcontroller, Zigbee & LABVIEW software. The project provides details about sensing, data acquisition, and controlling the storage atmosphere accordingly.