Phytosociological Nomenclature Research Articles

Classification of the European marsh vegetation (Phragmito‐Magnocaricetea) to the association level

AbstractAimsTo create a comprehensive, consistent and unequivocal phytosociological classification of European marsh vegetation of the class Phragmito‐Magnocaricetea.LocationEurope.MethodsWe applied the Cocktail method to a European data set of 249,800 vegetation plots. We identified the main purposes and attributes on which to base the classification, defined assignment rules for vegetation plots, and prepared formal definitions for all the associations, alliances and orders of the class Phragmito‐Magnocaricetea using formal logic. Each formula consists of the combination of “functional species groups”, cover values of individual species, and in the case of high‐rank syntaxa also of “discriminating species groups” created using the Group Improvement (GRIMP) method.ResultsThe European Phragmito‐Magnocaricetea vegetation was classified into 92 associations grouped in 11 alliances and six orders. New syntaxa (previously invalidly published according to the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature) were introduced: Bolboschoeno maritimi‐Schoenoplection tabernaemontani, Glycerio maximae‐Sietum latifolii, Glycerio notatae‐Veronicetum beccabungae, Schoenoplectetum corymbosi and Thelypterido palustris‐Caricetum elongatae. Based on a critical revision, some other syntaxa were rejected or excluded from the class Phragmito‐Magnocaricetea.ConclusionsThis work provides the first consistent classification of the class Phragmito‐Magnocaricetea at the European scale, which is an important tool for nature conservation. Our classification largely respects previously existing concepts of syntaxa, but it also proposes modifications to the recently published EuroVegChecklist. This work also provides a protocol that can be used for extending the current classification to new syntaxa and geographical regions.

Communities of class Lemnetea minoris O. Bolόs ex Masclans 1955on territory of National Nature Park “Pyryatynsky”

Introduction. National Nature Park “Pyryatynsky” is a valuable reserve of flora and vegetation of the Left-Bank Dniepro. The extensive hydrological network of the Udai River and the wide representation within this nature reserve of floodplain reservoirs are the reason for the high diversity of plant communities of higher aquatic vegetation. Fragmentary and non-comlete information about this type of vegetation are existed in literature, however, without geobotanical releves and detailed characteristics of the structure of phytoceonoses, synecology and synchorology. In this article we classified the communities of free-floating vegetation of NPP Pyryatynsky and identify the features of their syntaxonomic and ecological differentiation. Purpose . To study phytocenoses of the class Lemnetea minoris, to classify communities, to describe features of structure and their distribution on the investigated territory. Methods . The description of communities was carried out within their natural boundaries. The flow of reservoirs was determined by the scale of D.V. Dubyna. The projective coating was fixed as a percentage with subsequent transformation into scores of the modified scale B.M. Mirkin. In total, 107 geobotanical releves were performed during the period 2010–2017. Treatment of fitosociological data was performed with the JUICE software package. The nomenclature of syntaxons was consistent with the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (ICFN). Results . The class Lemnetea is represented by 3 orders, 4 alliances and 11 associations on the territory of NPP Pyryatynsky. The order Lemnetalia minoris have highest level of phytocenotic diversity, most of the phytocenoses of which are the typical for the higher aquatic vegetation of the Udai River, its tributaries and outside floodplain reservoirs. At the same time, rare and little-studied in the region associations Lemnetum gibbae Miyawaki et J. Tuxen 1960 and Lemno gibbae – Wolffietum arrhizae Slavnic 1956 were found. The order Ceratophyllo – Hydrocharietalia morsus-ranae unites communities of unrooted pleistophytes and gidatophytes that develop in eutrophic low-flowing or closed reservoirs with silty bottom sediments and a significant admixture of detritus with neutral reaction of medium. The order Utricularietalia is represented within the NNP by one association, which occurs infrequently and quickly disappears from the marked localities under the influence of successional processes and disturbances of the Udai river basin due to climate change and anthropogenic pressure. Originality . This is first prodrome of class Lemnetea minoris for territory of National Nature Park “Pyryatynsky”. All obtained results based on original field data. Conclusions. The class Lemnetea is well-presented on territory of National Nature Park “Pyryatynsky”. It represented by 3 orders, 4 alliances and 11 associations. The order Lemnetalia minoris have highest level of phytocenotic diversity and includes rare communities Lemno gibbae – Wolffietum arrhizae and Lemnetum gibbae. Communities of order The order Utricularietalia need protection, because occurs infrequently and quickly disappears from the marked.

Растительность газонов города Уфы (Республика Башкортостан)

Растительность газонов города Уфы (Республика Башкортостан)

Syntaxonomic diversity of dry grassland and phrygana vegetation of the Southern Crimea: preliminary analysis

The aim of the work is to revise the prodrome and diagnostic species of the classes of natural dry grassland and phrygana vegetation of the Southern Crimea based on own field studies and modern literature data. Methods. The work is based on the Braun-Blanquet approach to classification of vegetation communities. Higher syntaxonomy units and lists of diagnostic species are given in accordance with “Vegetation of Europe ...” (EuroVegChecklist), nomenclature of syntaxon according to the requirements of the “International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature”, nomenclature of taxon according to the Catalogue of Life and Euro + Med PlantBase international databases. Results. A preliminary version of the prodrome of natural dry grassland and phrygana vegetation of the Southern Crimea has been compiled. It was established that this vegetation type includes communities of 12 classes: Sedo-Scleranthetea , Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei , Festuco-Brometea , Festuco-Puccinellietea , Kalidietea foliati , Ononido-Rosmarinetea , Cisto-Lavanduletea stoechadis , Helianthemetea guttati , Stipo-Trachynietea distachyae , Saginetea maritimae , Asplenietea trichomanis , Drypidetea spinosae. There are 14 orders, 14 alliances and 30 associations, three of which need to be validated. The classes of rock and scree vegetation ( Asplenietea trichomanis , Drypidetea spinosae ) are described in most detail. For most classes, a significant part of the classification units has not yet been established. Conclusion. The preliminary prodrome of the natural dry grassland and phrygana vegetation of the Southern Crimea includes 12 classes, 14 orders, 14 alliances and 30 associations. A great part of syntaxa has not yet been established. The composition of the diagnostic species indicates a significant floristic proximity of the classes Sedo-Scleranthetea - Helianthemetea guttati - Stipo-Trachynietea distachyae , Festuco-Puccinellietea - Kalidietea foliati , Ononido-Rosmarinetea - Cisto-Lavanduletea stoechadis .

The whole and its parts: why and how to disentangle plant communities and synusiae in vegetation classification

AbstractMost plant communities consist of different structural and ecological subsets, ranging from cryptogams to different tree layers. The completeness and approach with which these subsets are sampled have implications for vegetation classification. Non‐vascular plants are often omitted or sometimes treated separately, referring to their assemblages as “synusiae” (e.g. epiphytes on bark, saxicolous species on rocks). The distinction of complete plant communities (phytocoenoses or holocoenoses) from their parts (synusiae or merocoenoses) is crucial to avoid logical problems and inconsistencies in the resulting classification systems. We here describe theoretical differences between the phytocoenosis as a whole and its parts, and outline consequences of this distinction for practice and terminology in vegetation classification. To implement a clearer separation, we call for modifications of the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature and the EuroVegChecklist. We believe that these steps will make vegetation classification systems better applicable and raise recognition of the importance of non‐vascular plants in the vegetation as well as their interplay with vascular plants.

Analyse phytosociologique et phytoécologique des formations forestières à pin laricio de Corse (Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold subsp. laricio Maire) – Addendum / Phytosociological and phytoecological survey of Corsican Pine forests – Addendum

In Ecologia Mediterranea issue 45 (1) – 2019, we published a phytosociological review article on the formations of Corsican Pine (Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold subsp. laricio Maire) (Gauberville et al. 2019). Since then, we found out that we did not scrupulously followed the code of phytosociological nomenclature (Weber et al. 2000). We had made a proposal for a new name for the climatophile mountain association, as Pinus poiretianae is now called Pinus laricio, and the old species name had not been used for more than 20 years. We now propose to reinstate the name initially given by Litardière & Malcuit (1929). Our name proposal was and is still correct (Pinetum laricionis (from Litardière & Malcuit 1926) Gauberville, Panaïotis, Bioret & Capelo nom. nov. prop.) but until the ad hoc committee has formally accepted it, the name should remain Pinetum poiretianae (from Litardière & Malcuit 1926). Furthermore, in order to validate our new syntaxons we here publish their typus relevés.

Steppe communities in the vicinity of Togliatti (Samara Region)

The paper describes the study of steppe vegetation in the Samara Region. It contains results of the steppe communities field study conducted in 20142015 in the vicinity of Togliatti (Samara Region). Geobotanical relevs were made on standard sites for steppe vegetation. Projective covering of plant species in field conditions was estimated as a percentage and then converted to scores using B.M. Mirkins scale. The relevs are placed in the geobotanical database Vegetation of the Volga and Ural Basins and processed using the computer program JUICE. Bioindication studies were conducted using the IBIS program. As a result of the syntaxonomic analysis carried out using the floral approach to the classification of vegetation by J. Braun-Blanquet, 2 new associations and 6 new subassociations were identified. Their names are given in accordance with the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature. Their position in the system of higher syntaxons of Europe is established, nomenclature types, diagnostic types are given, composition and structure, ecology and distribution of communities are characterized as well as the results of processing according to the scales by L.G. Ramensky. The communities of all established syntaxons are recommended for inclusion in the 2nd edition of the Green Book of the Samara Region.

Diversity and Distribution of Plant Communities on the Ungok Wetland in Gochang.

The Ramsar protected area in Ungok wetland, which has been designated since 2011, was described by syntaxonomy and synchorology. Phytocoenon was identified and named by a traditional method of the Zurich- Montpellier School and Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature. Habitat-based vegetation classification has identified into twelve syntaxa consisting of 88 taxa in seven vegetation types: Juncus effusus var. decipiens- Salix koreensis community, Caricis-Salicetum subfragilis, Galium spurium var. echinospermon-Phragmites japonica community, Phragmitetum australis, Scirpetum fluviatilis, Leersia japonica-Typha angustifolia community, Juncus diastrophanthus-Juncus effusus var. decipiens community, Leersicetum japonicae, Nymphoido indicae-Trapetum japonicae (typicum, marsiletosum quadrifoliae subass. nova hoc loco, variante Euryale ferox), Nelumbo nucifera community, Utricularia tenuicaulis community, Potamogetonetum crispi. Actual vegetation map was made by using topographical map of scale 1 : 5,000. Habitat-based management on the Ungok wetland vegetation was required, in which there are composed of two major areas such as the backswamp vegetation and the limnetic vegetation zone.

Динамика активности синтаксономических центров России и процессы их интеграции

The history of «rooting» and current state of the Braun-Blanquet approach in Russia are discussed. The process began only in the 1960s, when a more favorable climate has developed in Soviet science, and researches showed interest in the following international principles of vegetation classification. However, at that time they used, as a rule, palliative options in which «Russian» criteria (dominants) were combined with «floristic» ones. As a rule, such schemes were not successful and gave rise to imbalances in syntaxonomy. After the year 1981, when the VI All-Union conference on the classification of vegetation was held in Ufa, Soviet geobotany moved to a «strict version» of the Braun-Blanquet approach. However, at that period there were no journals in the USSR that were ready to published papers with phytosociological tables. For this reason, phytocenologists have used the resources of All-Union Institute of scientific and technical information (VINITI), which provided a free-accepted manuscript deposit, published abstracts of these papers in Refereed journal and for a modest fee sent copies to all interested specialists. The data of the deposited papers became a base for the first variant of the Prodromus of vegetation of Russia, which included 72 classes, 148 orders, 309 alliances and 74 suballiances. Since the year 2001, when the journal «Vegetation of Russia» was organized in Saint-Petersburg, both the high professional level of editorial board and the competent reviewers provide the publication of papers in strict accordance with the Braun-Blanquet approach (including the «International code of phytosociological nomenclature»), that greatly stimulated the development of syntaxonomy in Russia. Five syntaxonomic centers (Far East-Siberia, Ufa, Saint-Petersburg, Togliatti, Bryansk) have been formed. The information of their publication activity (see Table) for the periods 2001–2005, 2006–2011 and 2012–2016 years in all centres (in particular in the Far East-Siberia and Ufa) shows the number of publications is constantly increasing. This gives the hope that in the foreseeable future the Russian syntaxonomists will be able to materialize the multi-volume edition «The Vegetation of Russia».

Nomenclature of the class Festuco-Brometea in Italy and remarks on the interpretation of articles 1 and 2b ICPN

The class Festuco-Brometea includes the dry grassland and the steppe vegetation extending over most of Europe and part of Asia. Many high-rank syntaxa regarding the central and southern Europe grasslands are currently classified under the Festuco-Brometea and several of these concern the Italian Peninsula. According to the most recent and influential checklist of the Italian vegetation, the Vegetation Prodrome of Italy by Biondi and colleagues, the Italian Festuco-Brometea grasslands are to be distributed within five orders, two suborders and eighteen alliances. The names of these syntaxa, however, are often cited incorrectly in the phytosociological literature, and some of these errors are to be found in the Vegetation Prodrome of Italy. Therefore, owing to the importance of using correct names for the stabilization of the syntaxonomic nomenclature, this paper aims to resolve these inconsistencies in following the rules of the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (ICPN). As a result, 15 names are corrected, a new suborder (Bromenalia erecti) is described and six names are typified (Festucetalia Soó 1940, Stipo capillatae-Poion xerophilae Braun-Blanquet & Richard 1950, Diplachnion serotinae Braun-Blanquet 1961, Mesobrometum erecti W. Koch 1926, Festuco-Bromion erecti Barbero & Loisel 1972, Xerobromion erecti [Braun-Blanquet & Moor 1938] Zoller 1954). In addition, it is proposed that three names are to be conserved (Festucetalia valesiacae Braun-Blanquet & Tüxen ex Braun-Blanquet 1950, Festucion valesiacae Klika 1931, Mesobromion erecti [Braun-Blanquet & Moor 1938] Zoller 1954) and three to be rejected (Festucetalia Soó 1940, Festucetalia valesiacae Soó 1947, Bromion erecti W. Koch 1926). Due to the fact that the revised names are referred to in the literature with different authors’ citations, their revision is preceded by a discussion about divergent interpretations of what constitutes a ‘publication’ and the ‘date of a publication’ in the sense of article 1 of ICPN for works issued in several parts, often in relationship with a ‘sufficient diagnosis’ in the sense of article 2b. A proposal is made in this respect.

Nomenclatural remarks on the chasmophytic vegetation of the Centaureo-Campanuletalia

The thermophilous chasmophytic vegetation on limestone of the Adriatic Region has been arranged in the endemic order Centaureo-Campanuletalia (class Asplenietea trichomanis). The distribution range of the order covers a large area around the Adriatic Sea – from the south and north east of Italy to Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia i Hercegovina, Montenegro and Albania. The Centaureo-Campanuletalia or its subordinated syntaxa are quoted in the main syntaxonomic synopses of the Region as well as in technical reports. The critical analysis of the nomenclature of the order, based on the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (ICPN), showed many invalid or incorrect names while it is evident that the usage of correct names in scientific literature is crucial, both for the advances of syntaxonomic knowledge and their application for practical purposes. This paper presents a revision of the nomenclature for the Centaureo-Campanuletalia and related syntaxa in order to stabilize this nomenclature at least at alliance level. As a result, three syntaxa were validated (Centaureo dalmaticae-Campanuletalia pyramidalis, Centaureo cuspidatae-Portenschlagiellion ramosissimae, Inulo verbascifoliae-Centaureetum cuspidatae) and five others were lectotypified.

Nomenclature adjustments to neglected syntaxa of the tall-herb hygrophilous communities of the SE-Europe

Background and Purpose: During the preparation of a coenological paper concerning the tall-herb vegetation of the Balkans, it emerged that some syntaxa were invalidly described in their original papers, while some other synataxa had been forgotten or considered invalid according to the current phytosociological literature even if they had been validly published in their original papers. The present study deals with the nomenclatural problems of the Rumicetalia balcanici Lakušić 1973, a neglected order of the montane tall-herb vegetation, and those of all its related lower-rank syntaxa.Materials and Methods: All published papers that treated the nomenclatural issues regarding the tall-herb vegetation in the Balkans were analysed. The nomenclature adjustments were made in accordance with the rules of the Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (ICPN). The original relevés presented in this paper were carried out using the Braun-Blanquet phytosociological approach.Results and Conclusions: The nomenclature adjustments made in the paper result in the validation of the order Rumicetalia balcanicae and of four alliances: Rumicion balcanici, Ranunculion serbici, Cicerbition pancici and Petasition doerfleri. The validity of the alliance Cirsion appendiculati Horvat, Pawlowski et Walas 1937 was here confirmed while the name citation Geion coccinei Horvat in Quezel 1969 was here given for the first time. Finally several tall-herbs association were here validated and some others were proposed as new.

Validation of chasmophytic syntaxa of colline and montane zones in Tajikistan (Middle Asia)

Eight syntaxa are validated with the previous names regarded as invalidly published according to the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature. The validation concerns syntaxa of rock plant communities of the Campanuletalia incanescentis order reported from the Pamir Alai mountains in Tajikistan. The majority of validated syntaxa represents association level, one is an alliance. All validations are conducted due to the invalidity of tables with typus relevés according to art. 1 of the Code: they were not distributed as printed matter. The validated syntaxa are as follows: Caricion koshewnikowii, Scutellarietum hissaricae, Scutellarietum schugnanicae, Scutellarietum zaprjagaevii, Scutellarietum baldshuanicae, Tylospermetum lignosae, Nanorrhinetum ramosissimi, Campanuletum albertii.

FLORISTIC CLASSIFICATION OF THE FLOODPLAIN ALDER, WILLOW AND POPLAR FORESTS IN THE BASIN OF THE LOWER SULA (UKRAINE)

The floodplain alder (Alnus glutinosa), willow (Salix alba, rarely S. fragilis) and poplar (Populus nigra, P. alba, outliers of Populus x canescens) forests in the basin of the lower Sula were investigated. Mesohygrophilous forests of European black alder were referred to Alno-Ulmion alliance Querco-Fagetea class (com. Aegopodium podagraria-Alnus glutinosa, D. c. Acer negundoAlnus glutinosa). Swamp forests of European black alder of Alnetea class are mostly common in the floodplains of small rivers and are represented by two associations (Carici ripariae-Alnetum glutinosae and Carici acutiformis-Alnetum glutinosae). The floodplain willow and poplar forests were referred to class Populetea albae (order Populetalia albae). Willow forests of floodplains of the river Sula and its tributaries and also waterlogged gully talwegs and rarely outliers belong to Salicion albae alliance and Salicetum albae association. Lower reach poplar forests of the river Sula floodplain belong to Calamagrostio epigei-Populion nigrae alliance and are divided into two associations that we propose to change in accordance with the requirements of the International Сode of Phytosociological Nomenclature for Galio veri-Populetum nigrae and Strophiostomo sparsiflorae-Populetum albae. It is emphasized that the studied groups don't contain the species from the Red Data Book of Ukraine. The alder, willow and poplar forests of each association that are least transformed, largest in area and oldest require the nature reserve creation, that is proved by their significant water conservation role.

Nomenclature adjustments to neglected syntaxa of the tall-herb hygrophilous communities of the SE-Europe

Background and Purpose: During the preparation of a coenological paper concerning the tall-herb vegetation of the Balkans, it emerged that some syntaxa were invalidly described in their original papers, while some other synataxa had been forgotten or considered invalid according to the current phytosociological literature even if they had been validly published in their original papers. The present study deals with the nomenclatural problems of the Rumicetalia balcanici Lakusic 1973, a neglected order of the montane tall-herb vegetation, and those of all its related lower-rank syntaxa. Materials and Methods: All published papers that treated the nomenclatural issues regarding the tall-herb vegetation in the Balkans were analysed. The nomenclature adjustments were made in accordance with the rules of the Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (ICPN). The original releves presented in this paper were carried out using the Braun-Blanquet phytosociological approach. Results and Conclusions: The nomenclature adjustments made in the paper result in the validation of the order Rumicetalia balcanicae and of four alliances: Rumicion balcanici, Ranunculion serbici, Cicerbition pancici and Petasition doerfleri. The validity of the alliance Cirsion appendiculati Horvat, Pawlowski et Walas 1937 was here confirmed while the name citation Geion coccinei Horvat in Quezel 1969 was here given for the first time. Finally several tall-herbs association were here validated and some others were proposed as new.

On the nomenclature of some high-rank syntaxa of European forest vegetation

We present a detailed nomenclatural analysis of the class names Carpino-Fagetea, Querco-Fagetea, Quercetea robori-sessiliflorae, Quercetea ilicis and Vaccinio-Piceetea. The current literature presents contradictory opinions about the legitimacy and correct author citation of these names, often motivated by deviating interpretations of the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature. This primarily concerns the provisions of Articles 2b, 3j, 3m and 35 which can be interpreted in quite different ways, leading to divergent conclusions on the validity and legitimacy of a name. Thus, the problems discussed in this paper are of general relevance for phytosociological nomenclature, highlighting the need for amendments and clarifications to be implemented in the next edition of the Code. Moreover, we suggest establishing a formal procedure to request a binding decision on specific cases to stabilise the interpretation of the Code.

Guidelines for proposals to conserve or reject names of syntaxa

This paper explains how to apply for conservation or rejection of names of syntaxa according to the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature. First, authors have to submit a written proposal with all relevant details to be published in the Section “Phytosociological Nomenclature” of Phytocoenologia after formal editing. Then, from time to time, the Committee for Changes and Conservation of Names (CCCN) of the Working Group for Phytosociological Nomenclature (GPN) will evaluate the published proposals and make recommendations to accept or reject them. Finally, the GPN Assembly will vote on these recommendations and publish the decision.

New syntaxonomic contribution to the Vegetation Prodrome of Italy

In the course of the project “Syntaxonomic checklist of the Italian classes, orders and alliances (Vegetation Prodrome of Italy)”, promoted in 2012 by the Italian “Ministry of Environment, Land and Sea Protection” in collaboration with the “Italian Society of Botany”, it arises that some syntaxa are not validly published according to the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature rules. For this reason, these syntaxa names are validated in this paper. Furthermore, other new syntaxa of different hierarchical levels are here described for the first time. Therefore, one new order, two new suborders, six new alliances, two new suballiances and three new associations are here described. These new syntaxa belong to the following classes: Juncetea maritimi, Stellarietea mediae, Trifolio medii–Geranietea sanguinei, Alnetea glutinosae and Salici purpureae–Populetea nigrae. Finally, the syntaxonomic arrangement of Alnion incanae is here discussed.

64. Symphytosociological nomenclature: new proposals

A new nomenclatural formula for vegetation series is proposed that is more closely in line with the commonly-usedforms of phytosociological nomenclature. The concept of facies associated to the appearance of a vegetation series is defended,and its advantages in mapping plant landscapes.

Łąki selernicowe (związek Cnidion dubii Bal.-Tul. 1966) w Polsce [Meadow communities of Cnidion dubii Bal.-Tul. 1966 alliance in Poland

The paper contains a characterization of the alliance <em>Cnidion dubii</em> Bal.-Tul. 1966 and of the association<em> Violo-Cnidietum dubii</em> Walther in Tx. 1954, belonging to it, both of which so far unreported from Poland. The syntaxonomy of those units has been based on analytic-synthetical phytosociological studies with the use of numerical classification and ordination methods, mainly of the TWINSPAN program. To demonstrate the distinct character of the units under study from Poland, the alliance <em>Cnidion dubii</em> has been analysed in comparison with the alliances <em>Molinion caeruleae</em> and <em>Alopecurion pratensis</em>. The identify of the association has been established by analysing Polish and European materials. New criteria have been proposed for the diagnosis of the associations of the alliance <em>Cnidion dubii</em> in Central Europe. The rank of some diagnostic species of the association and of the alliance has been verified. The nomenclature of the units has been based on the principles of the Code of phytosociological nomenclature. The association <em>Violo-Cnidietum dubii</em> from the area of Poland has been characterized syntaxonomically, synchorologically and synecologically. Three subassociations have been described: <em>Violo-Cnidietum dubii</em> Walther in Tx. 1954 <em>typicum</em>, <em>V.-C.d. stellarietosum palustris</em> T. Załuski subass. nova, <em>V.-C.d. galietosum veris</em> T. Załuski subass. nova, including eight variants. At the same time, the distinct character of communities with <em>Cnidium dubium</em> and <em>Molinia caerulea</em> has been demonstrated, and they have been classified with <em>Molinietum caeruleae</em> W. Koch 1926 <em>cnidietosum dubii</em> T. Załuski subass. nova.