Phytochemical Research Research Articles

A Comparative Phytochemical Investigation of the Greek Members of the Genus Helichrysum Mill., with Emphasis on the Local Endemic Helichrysum amorginum Boiss and Orph

The members of the genus Helichrysum Mill. are notable for producing a diverse range of structurally intricate secondary metabolites, being the focus of current phytochemical research. Their importance is recognized as several species hold significant ethnopharmacological value, being traditionally used to address ailments in human systems, such as respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary conditions, among others. This study used liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry results to present the phytochemical composition of non-volatile secondary metabolites in 11 Greek Helichrysum taxa (species and subspecies). For the first time, their total polyphenol content is comparatively assessed and an overview of the non-volatile compounds for five Endangered or Critically Endangered Greek Endemic Helichrysum taxa are presented herein. Almost all of the studied Helichrysum taxa differed significantly in the mean values of their polyphenolic content, except for H. doerfleri and H. heldreichii. A particular emphasis was placed on extracting polyphenols from a cultivated genotype of H. amorginum using aqueous pressurized liquid extraction as an alternative to the traditional organic solvent extraction method. Analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography revealed that this method increased the concentration of neochlorogenic acid and astragalin, compared to other extraction conditions. These findings highlight the potential of alternative extraction techniques for obtaining natural products from sustainably managed phytogenetic sources.

Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants and their threats in Yeki district, Southwestern Ethiopia

BackgroundEthiopia is recognized as a significant center of origin for a wide variety of plant species, particularly those with medicinal properties. A substantial segment of the population across the nation depends on these therapeutic plants for their primary healthcare needs. Many communities, both rural and urban, engage in traditional medicine practices, passing down their knowledge orally from one generation to the next. Consequently, this study was undertaken to record the traditional medicinal plants and the related indigenous knowledge in the Yeki district of Southwest Ethiopia.MethodsBetween March 2024 and August 2024, semi-structured interviews, in-person meetings, group discussions, and escorted field trips were used to gather quantitative ethnobotanical data. A total of 132 informants 100 men and 32 women were interviewed in order to gather ethnobotanical data. The informant consensus factor (ICF), fidelity level (FL), plant part value, preference ranking, and direct matrix ranking were among the quantitative techniques that were employed. Furthermore, the study used a variety of statistical tests, such as independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, correlation, and regression with R software version 4.3.2, to compare the ethnobotanical knowledge of various informant groups.ResultA total of 98 species of traditional medicinal plants from 81 genera and 45 plant families were identified in the current study. The Asteraceae (11 species) were the largest family used by local peoples, followed by Solanaceae (8 species). The most commonly used plant parts were leaves and roots, and the primary technique for making remedies was crushing. The respiratory systems disease categories had the second highest consensus score (ICF: 0.90), after the dermal disease category (ICF: 0.91). The number of medicinal plants reported by respondents across gender, age groups, educational level, and informant’s type varied significantly (P < 0.05). Various medicinal species can be found in the area’s vegetation, but they are threatened by deforestation, agricultural extension, firewood, modernization, IAS, charcoal production, and material culture.ConclusionThe results highlight the extensive variety of medicinal plants and the accompanying traditional knowledge present in the Guraferda district. The elevated ethnobotanical indices justify the need for additional phytochemical and pharmacological research. It is advisable to implement integrated conservation strategies to tackle the challenges confronting these precious plant resources.

Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & clemants: a review of the medicinal uses, chemical composition, and biological effects

ABSTRACT Dysphania ambrosioides (D. ambrosioides) is a medicinal plant in the family Amaranthaceae, well distributed from its American and Mexican origins. This paper aimed to offer a comprehensive review of scientific reports on the plant. Data on traditional uses, the chemical composition of the essential oil, and the biological activities of D. ambrosioides were gathered via the electronic databases Science Direct, Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, and Springer Link using epazote and the scientific names (D. ambrosioides and Chenopodium ambrosioides) of the species as keywords. There are many reported applications in traditional medicine. Phytochemical research on D. ambrosioides essential oil revealed that the oil contains numerous oxygenised monoterpenes and hydrocarbon monoterpenes with different percentages for different samples. Work on the plant essential oil revealed a wide range of pharmacological activities. Extracts and isolated compounds have also exhibited biological activity.

The Medicinal Potential of Rosa centifolia L.: Integrating Botany, Geographical Distribution, Pharmacology, Ethnobotanical Uses, Phytochemistry, and Toxicology.

Rosa centifolia L. is widely used to treat various health issues such as digestive, respiratory, and cardiovascular ailments. This study aims to assess the ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological research on R. centifolia, combining traditional knowledge with modern computational techniques. A literature survey from 2000 to 2024 using Science Direct, Web of Science, and Scopus identified relevant studies. Traditionally used in countries such as Morocco, China, India, and across Europe and Asia, Rosa centifolia L. contains compounds like alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, lignans, and steroids. Its extracts demonstrate various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, antitussive, vasorelaxant, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, antidepressant, antiulcer, immunostimulatory, cardioprotective, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of Rosa centifolia's therapeutic potential, chemical composition, and safety profile, highlighting its significant potential for treating various diseases and warranting further research.

Assessing a "Least-Concern" Red List Tree Species from Madagascar Used in Traditional Medicine: Morella spathulata (Myricaceae) Phyto-Compounds and Anti-Inflammatory Properties.

Morella spathulata (Myricaceae family) is a common plant from Madagascar and is present on the IUCN Red List of threatened species classified at the 'least concern' level, used by the local population to treat numerous illnesses and pain. Despite its frequent use, comprehensive phytochemical and pharmacological research on the species is limited. This study evaluated the antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as the toxicity of methanol extracts from the leaves (MS_L) and bark (MS_B) of M. spathulata. The research involved the analysis of nutritional traits such as sugars, organic acids, vitamin C, polyphenolic content (TPC) and the main phytochemicals by HPLC analysis. Antioxidant capacity was assessed through DPPH and FRAP assays. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing and carrageenan-induced paw oedema tests in mice. The results showed a high content of phenolic and bioactive components in the leaf and bark extracts, associated with antioxidant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. The interaction of key compounds such as ferulic acid and ellagic acid with proteins involved in pH regulation and immune modulation provides clues to the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects. However, conservation efforts are crucial due to habitat loss and illegal logging, and further studies are needed to fully explore the plant's therapeutic potential.

GC-MS and PCA Analysis of Fatty Acid Profile in Various Ilex Species.

Natural compounds are important source of desired biological activity which helps to improve nutritional status and brings many health benefits. Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill. which belongs to the family Aquifoliaceae is a plant rich in bioactive substances (polyphenols, saponins, alkaloids) with therapeutic potential including hepatic and digestive disorders, arthritis, rheumatism, and other inflammatory diseases, obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia. In terms of phytochemical research I. paraguariensis has been the subject of most intensive investigations among Ilex species. Therefore, we concentrated on other available Ilex varieties and focused on the content of fatty acids of these shrubs. The fatty acid compounds present in Ilex sp. samples were analyzed by GC-MS. 27 different fatty acids were identified in the extracts. The results showed that many constituents with significant commercial or medicinal importance were present in high concentrations. The primary component in all samples was α linolenic acid(18:3 Δ9,12,15). Differences of this component concentration were observed between cultivars and extensively analyzed by PCA, one- way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA. Significant correlations between compound concentrations were reported.

Amini-review of medicinal usesand phytochemicals isolated from Himalayan plant Delphinium brunonianum royle

Delphinium brunonianum royle known as the Musk larkspur plantbelongs to the family Ranunculaceaeand is endemic to China that grows at high elevations ranging from 3500 to 6000 m in the Himalayan area, Pamir, south-east Tibet, and Afghanistanhaving glabrous, an erect and tall perennial herb that is 20-40 cm long and leafy on the underside. Flowers are huge and range in color from royal blue to pastel blue. Seeds are angler or winged, with a hairy folicle 5-6. July to September is the months for flowering and fruiting.D. brunonianumcontains different medicinal properties including anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-lice,anthelmintic, and anti-inflammatory. This plant contains several useful phytoconstituents, according to phytochemical research. The current review is an attempt to give a detailed evaluation of the literature on scientific studies of D. brunonianum's traditional medicinal uses and its pharmacological properties

Mobilizing Stockpile of Nature: Phytochemicals, Herbal Extracts, and Dietary Supplements for Managing Metabolic Diseases with Concentric Focus on Obesity

Obesity and associated health impairments are proven to exhibit multifocal health disorders along with increasing co-morbidity. Underlying obesity pathology is linked up with almost every major disease, which may increase the risk of heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, cancer, osteoarthritis, etc. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is on the rise around the world, which enormously affects the life span of individuals. Due to the foggier nature of the underlying pathology, the efficacy is questionable for conventional treatments. The traditional therapy of obesity may involve synthetic moieties and surgical procedures, which have many harmful side effects and chances of recurrent severity. Scientists are continuously focusing on prophylactic remedies alongside maintaining a proper lifestyle. In that context, nature always helped with traditional medications. As per folklore medicine reports, many plants have been used to treat obesity and its associated complications. This review compiles a vast array of datasets, including the impact of obesity and the need for the introduction of phytochemicals in place of conventional pharmacotherapies, the impact of phytochemicals along with the reported mechanisms of action, recent clinical trial reports, and recently explored dietary supplements. The primary objective of this presentation is to chart the future trajectory of phytochemical research for metabolic disorders, establishing a foundational framework for future investigations to build upon.

Trans-N-coumaroyltyramine derivatives: synthesis and anti-bacterial activity

Phytochemical research using medicinal plants has been instrumental in discovering new drug skeletons. Infectious disease management and treatment are made more difficult by the growing issue of antibiotic resistance. Two new derivatives were obtained by reacting with 3-bromo-1-propyne to derivatise trans-N-coumaroyltyramine (1), a natural isolate from Celtis zenkeri stem-bark that our research group previously reported. These are 7-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)-N-coumaroyltyramine (1a) and 7, 6’-di-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)-N-coumaroyltyramine (1b). Compounds underwent screening for antibacterial activity after being characterised using NMR, MS, IR, and UV-VIS spectroscopic techniques. As compared to the zone of inhibition of 20 ± 0.34 mm to 31 ± 0.29 mm of streptomycin, the 1a and 1b (10 ± 0.17 mm to 16 ± 0.68 mm) demonstrated potent inhibitions across all tested bacteria. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the compounds and Streptomycin® (a common antibacterial drug) are part of the in silico studies, along with molecular docking. The potency and drug-like qualities of new derivatives were demonstrated by the in vitro and in-silico investigations.

Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical Evaluation and Unlocking the Pharmacological Power of &lt;i&gt;Pyrus communis&lt;/i&gt; L. Leaf Extract on DOCA Salt Induced Hypertension in Wistar Rats

Objectives: Identification of the active ingredient in medication is greatly aided by pharmacognostical and phytochemical research, such as the macroscopic, GC-MS analysis and to study hypertensive treatment with ethanolic extract of Pyrus communis L. Methods: Transverse sections, powder microscopy, Histochemical analysis also performed preliminary phytochemical analysis and GC-MS of P. communis. The different groups of Wistar rats were administered 400mg/kg as a lower dose and 600mg/kg as a higher dose given DOCA salt-induced hypertension. Results: Histochemical analysis of this leaf shows the presence of cutin, mucilage cells, tannin, alkaloids, lignin, starch grains, calcium oxalates cluster crystals, and oils. Eleven components in the extract were reported via GC-MS. This report confirms the existence of various phytocomponents which are 4-pyridine methanol; N-Methylmaleimide; 4-acetyl-1h-pyrroline-2-carbaldehyde; Carbamic acid, 2-(Dimethyl amino) Ethyl Ester; 5-Acetyl-4-Amino-3-(2-Dimethylaminoethylthio)Thieno[3,2-C]Isothiazole; Cyclobutaneoctol; 1,3-Propane diamine, N, N’-Bis (3-Aminopropyl)-; Arginine; 9-Methyl-11-Oxo-1,6-Diaza tricyclo [7.2.0.0(6,8)] Undecane; Egtazic Acid; animal study significantly reduced the pressure compared to the control group. P. communis ethanolic extract possesses a significant (p≤0.05) reduction in hypertensive rats from measurements of control group as 157/137 mmHg systolic and diastolic blood pressure to 140/98 mmHg in 600 mg/kg Conclusions: These results will also be helpful to add to the advanced knowledge of P. communis standardisation and identification, which are essential components in separating real Pyrus species from adulterants and imitations in the herbal medicine formulations better for the treatment of hypertension. The empirical and phytochemical study of P. communis leaf holds significant potential for the development of novel herbal remedies for hypertensive patients.

Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Potential of Parthenium hysterophorous and Lantana camara.

Parthenium hysterophorous and Lantana camara are notable for their significant phytochemical and antimicrobial properties. Advancements in phytochemical research have led to the development of novel formulations and products derived from P. hysterophorus and L. camara. For instance, patent extracts from these plants have been utilized in the formulation of pharmaceutical drugs, herbal supplements, cosmeceuticals, and agricultural products. P. hysterophorous, commonly known as Santa Maria feverfew or Congress grass, contains various bioactive compounds like terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, and alkaloids.These compounds are the key to its medicinal properties, particularly its antimicrobial activity. On the other hand, L. camara, often referred to as wild sage, is rich in phytochemicals such as terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloid glycosides. P. hysterophorous and L. camara plants selected and checking their antimicrobial activity by agar well diffusion method. In our study, we found that the leaf extract of P. hysterophorous exhibited the most potent antibacterial activity against E. coli. P. hysterophorous exhibited the most potent antifungal activity against A. niger and T. viride, with a diameter of inhibition zone measuring 12 mm, followed by A. flavus and A. parasiticus. In case of L. camara, the inhibitory zone ranging from 14 to 18 mm was detected against S. abony, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and K. pneumonia. The leaf extract of the maximum zone of inhibition in case of L. camara was shown by A. flavus (12mm). The present study suggests that these two weeds could be useful in the development of bactericides and fungicides.

New insights into the chemotaxonomic implications of diterpenoid alkaloid composition in Aconitum sessiliflorum

Through phytochemical research, the composition of diterpenoid alkaloids in Aconitum sessiliflorum was analyzed, and sixteen compounds were identified. Among them, there are seven napelline type C20-diterpenoid alkaloids (1–4, 7–8, 15), three denudatine type C20-diterpenoid alkaloids (5–6, 16), and six aconitine type C19-diterpenoid alkaloids (9–14). On the basis of NMR spectroscopy, the structural analysis of the separated compounds was achieved by comparing with previous data. All sixteen compounds were isolated for the first time from the Aconitum sessiliflorum, of which five compounds (1, 6, 9, 13, 15) were isolated for the first time from series Brachypoda, where Aconitum sessiliflorum is classified. These diterpenoid alkaloids not only enrich the chemical diversity of Aconitum sessiliflorum, but also facilitate the analysis of their chemotaxonomic implications. Importantly, the diverse types and structural features of these diterpenoid alkaloids provide new insights into both the potential phylogenetic affiliations within the series Brachypoda and the varying degrees of evolutionary divergence among these related taxa.

Phytochemical Research and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Ethanol Extract from Anoectochilus Roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl.

Anoectochilus roxburghii is a well-known and valuable traditional Chinese herb due to various medicinal and functional benefits. In-depth investigation is necessary to discover active ingredients and expand its application. In this study, four new compounds (1-4) along with ten known compounds (5-14) were isolated from the ethanol extract of A.roxburghii. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data interpretation. The isolates were screened for their inhibitory activities on the production of NO in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Among them, compounds 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 13 and 14 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity through inhibiting the release of NO.

Phylogenetic and spatial patterns of herbal medicine compounds: Which medicinal plants are phytochemically characterized?

ObjectiveThe study of phytometabolites of medicinal plants and their phylogenetic distribution is an important content of pharmacophylogeny. The objectives of this study were to provide an updated estimate of the extent to which the medicinal plants were investigated phytochemically and relate this to the species-level phylogeny and their geographical pattern. MethodsHere, we further characterized 1 648 phytometabolites, including terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, phenolics, alkaloids, etc., reported in journals Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs (Zhong Cao Yao) and Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHM) from the phylogenetic and spatial perspectives. According to the structural characteristics, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids and phenylpropanoids were subdivided into subclasses, and the research effort of phytometabolites was for the first time delineated at both subclass and phylogenetic levels. ResultsThe phytometabolites of 90 families were reported on two journals in three years. It is noted that terpenoids with diverse bioactivities still constitute the primary object of phytochemical research, followed by flavonoids, phenolics, phenylpropanoids and alkaloids. Among the reported species, the family Asteraceae had the most, followed by Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, and Ranunculaceae. In the phylogenetic distribution of the reported phytometabolites, the net relatedness index (NRI) results revealed a clustered structure for triterpene, iridoid, flavone, flavonol, coumarin, indole alkaloid and terpenoid alkaloid, while the nearest taxon index (NTI) metric identified the clustered structure for triterpene, sesquiterpene, indole alkaloid and terpenoid alkaloid. Especially in Ranunculaceae, there were more reports on triterpene and terpenoid alkaloid subclasses. The overdispersion pattern of diterpene and phenolic was suggested by NRI and NTI respectively, albeit more reported diterpenes and phenolics were in Lamiaceae. The geographical distribution hotspots of reported species and compounds thereof highlighted the enormous progress of herbal medicine research and industry, which play a positive role in the future drug discovery and development. ConclusionThese results provide new dimensions and perspectives in the context of pharmacophylogeny for perceiving and evaluating research trends and flashpoints in medicinal phytochemistry.

Anti-diabetic, Anti-cancer Potential and Anti HIV of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia) Extract: A Mini Review

Aims: To review the antidiabetic properties, pharmacological characteristics, and phytochemical research on Momordica Ccharantia (bitter gourd) and assess its potential as a therapeutic agent for diabetes and cancer prevention. Study Design: Review of existing literature and research studies, including pre-clinical trials and animal and in vitro studies. Methodology: Analysis of traditional uses, pharmacological data, and phytochemical research on M. Charantia. Evaluation of anti-diabetic and anti-HIV properties based on available studies. Results: Charantia has shown anti-diabetic and hypoglycemic effects in pre-clinical studies. Limited and unreliable clinical data due to poor research design and inadequate statistical power. Recent studies indicate potential anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, and anti-HIV properties. Plant extract components have demonstrated effectiveness in cancer prevention through immune function enhancement, induction of cell death, and inhibition of cancer-related processes. Conclusion: M. Charantia holds promise as a therapeutic agent for diabetes management and cancer prevention. However, there is a need for better-designed clinical trials to confirm its efficacy and establish reliable clinical evidence.

FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION EFFERVESCENT TABLETS OF GAMBIER LEAF EXTRACT (Uncaria gambier Roxb)

Background: Gambier, also known as the term (Uncaria gambier Roxb), is a plant that has long been cultivated in Indonesia. The components of flavonoid compounds in gambier plants have been widely reported as antioxidants. Using the gambier plant will be more accessible and more practical if it is made in dosage form, one of which is in the form of effervescent tablets. Objective: To determine the physical and chemical characteristics of effervescent tablets of gambier leaf extract (Uncaria gambier Roxb). Methods: Descriptive design, which includes phytochemical screening research, extract quality test, physical and chemical characteristics test of effervescent tablets formulation. Results: Positive gambier leaf extracts contain flavonoid compounds, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. The average weight uniformity test of the tablet is 1.57 ± 0.02 grams, the average tablet thickness test of the tablet is 0.5±0 cm while a tablet's average diameter is 1.6±0 cm, the fragility test obtained &lt;1%, the average hardness test of the tablet is 4.34±0.02 kg, the solubility time of the tablet obtaining is 1.6 ±0.4 minutes and tablets pH is 5.5±0.2. Conclusion: It is possible to draw the conclusion that the positive gambier leaf extract includes flavonoid components, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins based on the findings of the data previously gathered. The quality test of gambier leaf extract is already qualified, and the test of the characteristics of the physical and chemical properties produced is suitable based on Pharmacopeia Indonesia Standard. Keywords: Gambier; Extract; Tablet Effervescent

Study of the ascorbic acid accumulation in Thymus L. genus species of Ukraine flora

The Thymus L. genus species are extremely widespread in temperate countries and number up to 200 main wild plants, of which up to 50 have been identified in the modern Ukraine flora. Extracts from the official species of the Thymus L. genus are part of effective herbal preparations with pronounced anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. A promising direction of modern phytochemical research is the determination of the presence and accumulation of biologically active ascorbic acid in the herbs of widespread wild and cultivated species of the Thymus L. genus. The aim of the work is to determine the presence and accumulation of biologically active L-ascorbic acid in the herbs of four widespread wild and cultivated species of the Thymus L. genus of Ukraine flora using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and spectrophotometry methods during vegetation season. Materials and methods. The research used herbs of four widespread wild and cultivated species of the Thymus L. genus of Ukraine flora during the growing season (June – August 2023). The presence and quantitative content of ascorbic acid were determined by TLC on a “Biostep” CD 60 densitometer (Germany) and spectrophotometry on a “Lambda 365’ device (USA). Results. TLC and spectrophotometry methods were used to determine the presence and quantitative content of ascorbic acid in the herbs of four widespread Thymus L. genus species of Ukraine flora during the growing season. Accumulation of the compound was higher during flowering of cultivated species than wild plants. For the herbs Thymus vulgaris L. up to 39.10 ± 3.88 mg%; Th. x citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. var. “Silver Queen” up to 36.19 ± 3.59 mg%. Conclusions. Considering the results obtained by TLC and spectrophotometry methods, it can be concluded that the determination of ascorbic acid presence and content in the Thymus L. species genus herbs is appropriate for obtaining cosmetology preparations with pronounced anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and regenerating activity for normal and problem skin.

Prenylated Flavonoids in Sophora flavescens: A Systematic Review of Their Phytochemistry and Pharmacology.

Sophora flavescens has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 1700 years. This plant is known for its heat-clearing, damp-drying, insecticidal, and diuretic properties. Phytochemical research has identified prenylated flavonoids as a unique class of bioactive compounds in S. flavescens. Recent pharmacological studies reveal that the prenylated flavonoids from S. flavescens (PFS) exhibit potent antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and glycolipid metabolism-regulating activities, offering significant therapeutic benefits for various diseases. However, the pharmacokinetics and toxicological profiles of PFS have not been systematically studied. Despite the diverse biological effects of prenylated flavonoid compounds against similar diseases, their structure-activity relationship is not yet fully understood. This review aims to summarize the latest findings regarding the chemical composition, drug metabolism, pharmacological properties, toxicity, and structure-activity relationship of prenylated flavonoids from S. flavescens. It seeks to highlight their potential for clinical use and suggest directions for future related studies.

Development of Phytoconstituents from Spathodea campanulata Flowers as Potential Antimalarial Agents

Background: Considering the majority of pharmaceutical firms focus on using herbal remedies as an alternative source of essential components, herbal remedies are extremely significant to pharmacological researchers. Spathodea campanulata is one of the members of the Bignoniaceae family. It is popular for its curative properties Aim: This research aimed to assess the possibility of bioactive elements and antioxidant impacts of the methanol fraction of Spathodea campanulata flowers. Objectives: The objective of this research was to assess the achievable bioactive elements and antioxidant impacts of the methanol fraction of Spathodea campanulata flowers. Methods: GC-MS was adopted to identify the phytoconstituents present in the extract. In the present study, we utilized computational modelling with the Schrödinger Maestro 11.2 edition to make benefit of interactions among 42 bio-active components and anti-malarial targets (1LDG and 2ANL). Results: In the methanol extract of the Spathodea campanulata flowers, phytochemical research revealed the presence of terpenoids, glycosides, carbohydrates, steroids, and flavonoids. Forty-two phytoconstituents, notably methyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and 1,2- ethanediol monobenzoate, were determined through GC-MS analysis. Docking analysis of 42 bioactive compounds demonstrated that 1,2-ethanediol mono benzoate, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid, and methyl.beta.-d-galactopyranoside had higher G-Scores with 1LDG and 2ANL. Conclusion: In this work, multiple phytoconstituents discovered in a methanol extract of the S. campanulata flower were determined. As a result of this research, four phytoconstituents from the flower extracts may be created as an exciting new therapy for malaria.

New Flavonoids from the leaves and stems of Sedum formosanum (Crassulaceae)

As a series of the phytochemical research of the family Crassulaceae, the flavonoids of Sedum formosanum from two Taiwanese and one Japanese sites were isolated and characterized by UV spectra, HR-MS, LC-MS, acid hydrolysis, NMR, and HPLC and TLC comparisons with authentic samples. Eight new flavonoids (21, 22, 24-26 and 28-30) including two flavones and six isoflavones were isolated from the leaves and stems, together with 24 known compounds (1-20, 23, 27, 31 and 32), and identified as chrysoeriol 7-O-[6´´-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl)glucoside] (21), chrysoeriol 7-O-[6´´-(5´´´-methoxy-3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaroyl)glucoside] (22), 3´-O-methylorobol 7-O-rutinoside (24), 3´-O-methylorobol 7-O-arabinosyl-(1→2)-glucoside (25), 3´-O-methylorobol 7-O-arabinosyl-(1→6)-glucoside (26), orobol 3´,4´-dimethyl ether 7-O-rutinoside (28), orobol 3´,4´-dimethyl ether 7-O-sophoroside (29) and orobol 3´,4´-dimethyl ether 7-O-arabinosyl-(1→6)-glucoside (30). The samples were collected in three sites of Taiwan and Japan, and geographic chemical variation was observed among their sites.