Physiology Laboratory Research Articles

Hubungan Volume Oksigen Maksimal dengan Denyut Nadi Istirahat Fase Pertumbuhan Dewasa Muda

Maximal oxygen uptake is a measure of cardiorespiratory capacity that shows human body fitness. Resting heart rate shows the ability of the heart to pump blood throughout the body thus resting heart rate related to the maximum oxygen volume. The young adult is an important phase of human in determining the productivity of the level of life. Maximum oxygen volume can be related to resting heart rate, but this has not been studied in detail regarding the relationship between maximal oxygen volume and resting heart rate in young adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between maximal oxygen volume and resting heart rate of young adults. This research uses cross sectional method. The number of research samples was 38 students from the Faculty of Medical Education, Sebelas Maret University (UNS). The dependent variable tested in this study was resting pulse rate and the independent variable was maximal oxygen volume. The research was conducted at the Physiology Laboratory of Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Resting heart rate was calculated by sleeping position in the supine position for 15 minutes then measured by pulse oximetry and maximal oxygen volume was calculated by Astrand-Rhyming Step Test. The results showed that the data were normally distributed so that the Pearson correlation test could be performed. The results of the correlation test showed that the value of p = 0.000 (p < 0.05) which indicated there was a significant correlation between the two variables tested and the Pearson correlation value of - 0.612 which indicated a negative correlation with a strong correlation strength. This study concludes that there is a significant correlation between maximal oxygen volume and heart rate of young adults with a negative correlation.

Impact of ketogenic diet on insulin and thyroid hormones in a healthy cohort

Objective: To determine the effect of a ketogenic diet (KD) on the levels of insulin and thyroid hormone in healthy adult individuals. Methodology: This single-arm comparative experimental study was conducted at the Clinical trial room and Physiology laboratory, Khyber medial university, Peshawar. A total of 46 individuals were selected falling under the inclusion criteria. Ketogenic diet was given to the participants for four weeks. Blood was obtained from subjects on day 1, and after 29 days. Paired sample t test was used for pre- and post-trial comparison and ANOVA was used for comparison at day 0, and 29th day. Results: Mean age was 29.8±5.28 years. The mean value of thyroid stimulating hormone (0.005), T3 (<0.001) and insulin (0.003) statistically decrease from day 1 to day 29. But mean value of T4 increased from day 1 (6.26±0.8301) to day 29 (7.70±0.931). However, there was no significant difference for thyroid releasing hormones (TRH) on day 1 and day 29 (0.139). Conclusion: The KD statistically reduced the level of TSH, T3, TRH and Insulin while T4 level increases. The clinicians should take into consideration patients with thyroid disorders or diabetes while prescribing KD.

Effect of ketogenic diet on biochemical and anthropometric parameters

Objective: To find out the effect of a ketogenic Diet (KD) on the biochemical and anthropometric parameters. Methodology: This experimental study was conducted at the physiology laboratory of Khyber Medical University from January 2022 to June 2022. Using non probability convenience sampling, forty-six subjects were recruited for the study following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Non-probability convenience sampling method was used. Subjects were given KD for twenty-eight days. Blood samples were collected for biochemical parameters along with anthropometric measurements on Day 1 and Day 29 of the study. Paired sample t test was used for pre- and post-trial comparison and ANOVA was used for comparison at day 0, and 29th day. Results: All the physical and chemical parameters like weight, body mass index, MUAC, biceps, Triceps, sub-scapular, waist circumference, hip circumference, fasting blood sugar, ketone level, glucose ketone index, body fat and water mass muscle mass reduced from 1st day to 29th day statically. Two parameters (height and visceral mass) show an insignificant change in results from day 1st to day 29th.

I Think It Was 8? Validity Of Manual Wingate Power Estimates In An Exercise Physiology Lab Class.

PURPOSE: The Wingate test (WAnT) is commonly taught in exercise physiology lab courses to assess anaerobic capacity and peak power output using the number of revolutions on a cycle ergometer. Despite adequate instruction and practice in lab classes, student counts often lack precision, which can significantly impact the calculations for key performance variables. The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of student measurements through comparison with computerized results to determine if current teaching techniques in the exercise physiology lab class are adequate. Specifically, we looked at students’ revolution counts for total revolutions and number of revolutions in each 5 s interval of the test. METHODS: Exercise physiology undergraduate students (N = 28) were selected to conduct the WAnT test procedure using the Monark 894E after one class of instruction and practice. Computerized power ratings were collected simultaneously to student counts. Student results were then directly compared to scores from the Monark software. RESULTS: A one-way repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to determine whether there were statistically significant differences in revolution counts on the WAnT protocol compared to the measurements from the Monark anaerobic test software. Overall a statistically significant difference existed in counts, F(1,16) = 4.279, p = .022, with accuracy of counts decreasing over the course of the six stages, stage one .0441 ± .377 rpm’s, stage two .667 ± .360 rpm’s, stage three .706 ± .311 rpm’s, stage four .72 ± .279 rpm’s, stage five 1.044 ± .271 rpm’s, stage six 0.627 ± .24. rpm’s. CONCLUSIONS: Students accurately counted revolutions for the first five seconds; but the accuracy decreased as time progressed. Peak power estimates were accurate, but the mean anaerobic capacity and fatigue index was underestimated. These findings suggest that students need more practice conducting the WAnT before they are able to use the test in sport performance and research settings, especially if the goal is to calculate mean anaerobic capacity and fatigue index which requires accurate revolution counts for the entire 30 s. Exercise physiology lab instructors should consider spending more time teaching counting techniques, including the addition of partial revolution counts.

Impact of the interaction between the polymorphisms and hypermethylation of the CD36 gene on a new biomarker of type 2 diabetes mellitus: circulating soluble CD36 (sCD36) in Senegalese females

BackgroundSeveral predisposing factors for diabetes mellitus have been identified, including cluster determinant 36 (CD36) receptor expression. We aimed to determine the effects of CD36 gene polymorphisms and hypermethylation on the plasma CD36 protein levels in type 2 diabetes.Materials and methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study involving 100 females (lean healthy control subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes). This study was conducted at the Human Physiology Laboratory at the Dakar Faculty of Medicine in Senegal. Circulating sCD36 levels and DNA methyltransferase 3a levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The other biological parameters were evaluated in a biochemical laboratory. CD36 gene polymorphisms and methylation were explored by real-time polymerase chain reaction and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, respectively.ResultssCD36 was negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol levels (r = − 0.52 p = 0.0001) and triglyceride levels (r = − 0.36 p = 0.01) in control subjects. However, in the type 2 diabetes group, sCD36 levels were positively correlated with total cholesterol levels (r = 0.28 p = 0.04). For rs3211867, control subjects harboring the CC genotypes had significantly higher sCD36 levels than control subjects harboring the AA/AC genotype (p = 0.02); in the type 2 diabetes group, the sCD36 level was not significantly lower in subjects harboring the AA/AC genotype than in subjects harboring the CC genotype (p = 0.27). CD36 gene methylation reduced the sCD36 level in the control subjects compared to control subjects without CD36 gene methylation (p = 0.03). This difference was not significant in the type 2 diabetes group comparing subjects with diabetes with CD36 gene methylation to subjects with diabetes without CD36 gene methylation (p = 0.09). We noted a nonsignificant increase in sCD36 levels in subjects with diabetes with CD36 gene methylation compared to control subjects with CD36 gene methylation (p = 0.27). A combination of the CD36 polymorphism effect and the CD36 methylation effect did not significantly reduce sCD36 levels in subjects with type 2 diabetes.ConclusionCD36 gene polymorphisms and CD36 gene methylation separately reduce sCD36 levels. Their impacts are compensated for in subjects with type 2 diabetes by an increase in sCD36 levels, the mechanism of which needs to be elucidated.

Effectiveness of Adding Garlic Extract (Allium sativum) in Commercial Feed to the Resistance of Nilem Fish (Osteochillus hasselti) Infected with Aeromonas hydrophila Bacteria

Determining the concentration of garlic extract addition in commercial feeds that are effective for increasing the body's resistance and survival of nilem fish to the attack of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. This study was carried out at the Aquatic animal physiology laboratory of building 2 and the biotechnology laboratory, faculty of fisheries and marine sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, between November and December 2021. This study used the Complete Randomized Design (CRD) method with five treatments and three tests. The treatment used is the addition of garlic extract to commercial feed at doses: 0 g / kg of feed (A), 10 g / kg of feed (B), 20 g / kg of feed (C), 30 g / kg of feed (D), and 40 g / kg of feed (E). The treatment period is carried out for 21 days. Furthermore, nilem fish were tested with Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria with a density of 108 CFU / ml by intramuscular injection. The results showed that the addition of garlic extract to the feed did not produce a noticeable influence on the survival value of fish. However, the administration of garlic extract into the feed of 20 g / kg affects the health of the fish body in the form of a white blood cell count of 12800 cells / mm3.

Nutritional value of sorghum as a feedstock for poultry

Recently, many farms are increasingly using such a reserve of intensification of feed production as the cultivation of new low-spread varieties of feed crops. In this regard, sorghum, a widespread crop of southern latitudes, is attracting more and more attention. Sorghum crops due to their high heat and drought resistance, unpretentiousness to soils and low demands on nutrients, can replace cereal crops such as wheat, barley, corn, etc. The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition and nutritional value of 15 sorghum varieties grown in the Stavropol Territory. The originator and patent holder of all these varieties is Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “North Caucasian Federal Scientifi c Agrarian Center”. The results of the study of these sorghum varieties in the laboratory of physiology and biochemical analysis in the Siberian Scientifi c and Research Institute of Poultry showed that the nutritional value of sorghum grain has diff erences both in varieties and in comparison with the average data specifi ed in the reference manual for poultry feeding. The varieties Zersta-38A, Knyazhna, A-63, Pharaoh, KiM, Ayushka, Athlete, Stavropol-63 and Krusta turned out to be the richest in crude protein content, but at the same time crude fat content and metabolic energy in them are less than those indicated in the methodological guide. Based on the results obtained, experimental compound feed recipes for broiler chickens and laying hens have been developed with the inclusion of varieties of different nutritional values and doses of sorghum grain with the possibility of partial or complete replacement of wheat. The conducted research is of interest because poultry is a competitor of humans in wheat consumption in order to save the traditional widely used grain crop.

Prevalence and clinical associations of iron deficiency in patients with decompensated heart failure, depending on the diagnostic criteria used for iron deficiency

To compare the frequency of iron deficiency (ID) in patients with decompensated heart failure (HF), defined by international guideline criterion ferritin 100 ng/ml or ferritin from 100 to 299 ng/ml with TSAT20% (criterion A) and by bone marrow biopsy criterion TSAT19.8% and serum iron 13 mol/l (criterion B); to evaluate the effect of ID, diagnosed on the basis of different ID criteria, on NT pro-BNP, sST2, CRP levels and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classes (FC) distribution between groups with ID and without ID. The study included 223 patients (median age 73 [65; 82] years, 58% males) who were hospitalized to V.V. Vinogradov Moscow City Clinical Hospital No. 64 with decompensated HF. All patients underwent a standard physiological examination, laboratory and instrumental studies, including determination of NT-proBNP, sST2, CRP, and ferrokinetic parameters (serum iron, transferrin, ferritin). TSAT was calculated as: serum iron / transferrin 3.98. NYHA FC was determined according to Heart Failure Severity Rating Scale score. All patients underwent echocardiography to assess the ejection fraction of the left ventricle. According to criterion A ID was detected in 89% (n=199) of patients. There were no significant differences between levels of CRP, NT-proBNP and sST2. According to criterion B ID was detected in 70% (n=156) of patients. In the ID group, higher levels of CRP (15.1 mg/l vs 6.2 mg/l, p0.001), NT-proBNP (5422 pg/ml vs 2380 pg/ml, p0.001) and sST2 (59.6 ng/ml vs 42 ng/ml, p=0.02) were detected. Intravenous FCM admission according to current international guidelines (diagnosis of ID according to criterion A) is recommended to 57% of patients included in this study. Both methods formed groups with ID, in which patients had higher NYHA FC compared to groups without ID. According to current clinical guidelines, iron deficiency should be assessed according to method 1. More than half of patients (57, n=127) have indications for intravenous FCM to reduce risk of HF hospitalizations. The frequency of ID in patients with decompensated heart failure varies from 70 to 89% depending on the criterion used to diagnose ID, but in any case, remains high. Intravenous FCM should be prescribed in 57% (n=127) of patients. Criterion B, validated against the gold standard of diagnostics, unlike criterion A, makes it possible to form groups of patients with ID and without ID, significantly differing in CRP, NT-proBNP, and sST2 levels.

The first identified invertebrate LGP2-like homolog gene in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

The LGP2 (Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology 2) protein is a member of the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLRs) family, which is a class of antiviral pattern recognition receptors located in the cytoplasm. However, few studies have investigated the function of LGP2 in invertebrates. In this study, the complete coding sequence of the LGP2 gene of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, was obtained and named CgLGP2-like. Sequence analysis revealed that CgLGP2-like encodes 803 amino acids, and the encoded protein contains a DEXDc, HELICc, and C-terminal regulatory domains. Multiple sequence alignment demonstrated that the sequences of these key protein functional domains were relatively conserved. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CgLGP2-like was a new member of the animal LGP2 family. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that CgLGP2-like mRNA was expressed in all tested oyster tissues, with the highest expression observed in the labial palpus and digestive glands. CgLGP2-like expression in gill tissues was significantly induced after the poly(I:C) challenge. Furthermore, multiple IRF and NF-κB binding sites were identified in the CgLGP2-like promoter region, which may be one of the reasons why CgLGP2-like responds to poly(I:C) stimulation. Finally, the results of dual-luciferase reporter gene assays revealed that overexpression of CgLGP2-like may have a regulatory effect on the human IFN, AP-1, and oyster CgIL-17 genes in HEK293T cells. Overall, our results preliminarily elucidate the immune functions of invertebrate LGP2 protein and provide valuable information for the development of comparative immunology.

UJI KETAHANAN ENAM VARIETAS PADI (Oryza sativa L.) TERHADAP KEKERINGAN SECARA MORFOLOGI DAN MOLEKULER

Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is a staple crop that is always needed throughout the world, including Asia. Rice is one of the staple foods in Indonesia. One form of abiotic stress that becomes the main obstacle in rice production is drought stress. It is necessary to test rice varieties that are resistant to drought stress. This study aims to determine drought-resistant rice varieties based on SSR markers and to determine the morphological characteristics of drought-resistant rice. This research was carried out from January to April 2021 at the Laboratory of Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University and the Screen House of the Agricultural Technology Research Center Banten. The DNA isolation process in the molecular resistance test used the Doyle & Doyle (1990) method which used three SSR markers to detect drought resistance genes. Analysis of DNA bands using Gel Analyzer software, grouping analysis using the UPGMA method in NTSYS software. The results of the morphological study of six rice varieties on drought showed significant to very significant effects on the parameters of plant height (cm), root length (cm), number of tillers, and number of panicles. Molecular test results from three SSR primers on six rice varieties showed a high level of polymorphism with an average polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.72 which was included in the very informative category and could be researched on drought resistance. The genetic similarity identified Jawara Hawara rice variety have drought resistance genes.

Effect of Media Type and Storage Duration on Viability of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Seeds

This study aims to determine the best storage media and storage time for cocoa seeds. The research was carried out at the Plant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Medan Area University. The analytical method used is Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with treatments, namely No Storage Media, Use of PE Plastic Storage Media + 1 Week Storage, PE Plastic + 2 Weeks Storage, PE Plastic + 3 Weeks Storage, Aluminum Foil Paper + 1 Week Storage, Aluminum Foil + 2 Weeks Storage, Aluminum Foil Paper + 3 Weeks Storage, Burlap Sack + 1 Week Storage, Burlap Sack + 2 Weeks Storage, Burlap Sack + 3 Weeks Storage, Glass Bottle + 1 Week Storage, Glass Bottle + 2 Weeks Storage , Glass Bottle + 3 Weeks of Storage, a total of 12 treatments with 3 replications. The data were analyzed statistically with the F test at a 5% significance level. If F Count is greater than F Table 5%, then it is continued with the Duncan' New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at a level of 5%. The results showed that the treatment on several storage media had a significant effect on the simultaneous growth of cocoa seeds. And the length of time for storing seeds for one week was significantly different, there were parameters for observing seed germination, seed growing simultaneously and seed growing speed.

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Meet Them in the Present, to Use Them in the Future

Modern Concepts & Developments in Agronomy Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Meet Them in the Present, to Use Them in the Future Tulio Silva Lara* Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Plant Growth, Brazil *Corresponding author: Tulio Silva Lara, Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Plant Growth, Brazil Submission: July 13, 2022;Published: July 20, 2022 DOI: 10.31031/MCDA.2022.11.000756 ISSN 2637-7659Volume11 Issue 2

The Effect of Giving Various Natural Sources of ß-Carotene to Increased Color Intensity on the Oranda Goldfish (Carassius auratus)

This research aims to examine the effect of adding various sources of natural ß-Carotene obtained from sweet potato flour, carrot flour and pumpkin flour to the color brightness of Goldfish. The research was carried out from December 2021 to February 2022 at the Aquatic Animal Physiology Laboratory Building 2, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University. The experimental design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications. The treatments were negative control (A), positive control (B), 10% sweet potato flour (C), 10% carrot flour (D) and 10% pumpkin flour (E). Maintenance with treatment on the test fish was carried out for 60 days. Parameters observed included color brightness observed using Toca Color Finder (TCF), growth, life, and air quality (Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen). The results showed that the addition of various sources of natural carotene in the feed had an effect on increasing the brightness of the color of the Oranda Goldfish (Carasius auratus). The highest value of increasing fish color brightness was found in treatment E with pumpkin flour as a natural source of ß-Carotene, namely 3.2 in the head, 3.3 in the body and 2.5 in the tail. Survival rate in this study is 100%. The water quality parameter values ​​are in good condition for the growth and survival rate of goldfish. Based on observations of water quality the results of temperature ranged from 24.2°C - 28°C, pH ranged from 6.88-7.62 and Dissolved Oxygen ranged from 5.8-8.0 mg/L.

Analysis of nosocomial infection and risk factors in lung transplant patients: a case-control study.

BackgroundInfection is the leading cause of short-term mortality after lung transplantation. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and risk factors of infection in Chinese lung transplant recipients.MethodsA total of 107 lung transplant patients from 2016 to 2020 were included in this study. The basic data of patients were collected, combined with clinically relevant physiological and biochemical indicators and laboratory test results. Transplant patients with new infections 48 hours after surgery were included in the infected group, and the rest were in the Uninfected group. The risk factors of postoperative infection were analyzed between the two groups.ResultsA total of 107 patients were included in the study, including 89 males and 18 females. All patients underwent lung transplantation. A total of 80 patients (74.8%) experienced a postoperative infection. Pathogenic microorganisms were found in 136 samples, predominantly in the sputum (n=120 samples; 88.2%). We detected 107 strains of Gram-negative bacteria (78.7%), including 30 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii (22.1%) and 27 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (19.9%); 18 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (13.2%), including 11 strains of Staphylococcus haemolyticus (8.1%) and 2 strains of Enterococcus faecium (1.5%); and 11 strains (8.1%) were infected by fungi. There were 87 strains of multidrug-resistant bacteria. The main multidrug-resistant bacteria included 28 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii (32.2%) and 25 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (28.7%). Multivariate analysis showed that ventilator use over 3 days was an independent risk factor for postoperative infection [odds ratio (OR): 4.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.31 to 18.66, P=0.019].ConclusionsThe infection rate after lung transplantation in our hospital is similar to that of other lung transplantation studies, but higher than that following transplantation of other organs. The pathogens of postoperative infection were similar to those identified in other lung transplantation studies. Using a ventilator for more than 3 days is a risk factor for postoperative infection, suggesting that preventive measures for postoperative infection should be taken in such patients, and early postoperative discontinuation of the ventilator may reduce postoperative infection.

Damage by Scyphophorus acupunctatus Gyllenhal1 in Species of Agave

The State of Guerrero is characterized by various agroecological niches in which different agave species are produced naturally for production of mezcal. Currently, mezcal agaves have become economically important to farmers who produce them. Agave production is affected by problems such as pests and diseases that reduce production of pineapples of Agave angustifolia Haw. and decrease the quality of mezcal. At Guerrero, agave plots at Municipallity of Huitzuco de los Figueroa, Teloloapan, Tixtla de Guerrero, and Zitlala; and at Puebla, Municipality of Acatlán de Osorio, and Xayacatlán de Bravo were visited six times to monitor and capture agave weevil, Scyphophorus acupunctatus Gyllenhal. Specimens of agave weevil were preserved in 70% alcohol and kept in a Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology of the FCAA-UAGro, for identification. S. acupunctatus damaged the agave bud to mate, feed, and initiate colonization of the plant. When necrosis occurred in the bud and pineapple, the plant stopped growing and began to die. A. angustifolia plants with withered leaves were infested by S. acupunctatus.

Duck LGP2 Downregulates RIG-I Signaling Pathway-Mediated Innate Immunity Against Tembusu Virus.

In mammals, the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLR) has been demonstrated to play a critical role in activating downstream signaling in response to viral RNA. However, its role in ducks’ antiviral innate immunity is less well understood, and how gene-mediated signaling is regulated is unknown. The regulatory role of the duck laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (duLGP2) in the duck RIG-I (duRIG-I)-mediated antiviral innate immune signaling system was investigated in this study. In duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cells, overexpression of duLGP2 dramatically reduced duRIG-I-mediated IFN-promotor activity and cytokine expression. In contrast, the knockdown of duLGP2 led to an opposite effect on the duRIG-I-mediated signaling pathway. We demonstrated that duLGP2 suppressed the duRIG-I activation induced by duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) infection. Intriguingly, when duRIG-I signaling was triggered, duLGP2 enhanced the production of inflammatory cytokines. We further showed that duLGP2 interacts with duRIG-I, and this interaction was intensified during DTMUV infection. In summary, our data suggest that duLGP2 downregulated duRIG-I mediated innate immunity against the Tembusu virus. The findings of this study will help researchers better understand the antiviral innate immune system’s regulatory networks in ducks.

Quantifying cardinal temperatures of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) ecotypes using non-linear regression models

Seed germination behaviors in addition to genetic factors are affected by ecological parameters and different climate change scenarios. Temporal requirements for seed germination. To understand the effects of different constant temperature levels on the accuracy of different thermal-germination models and germination-rate response of seven Iranian fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) ecotypes, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications in physiology laboratory of Research Center for Plant Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. In this experiment, different fenugreek ecotypes were Azari, Indica, Shiraz, Ardestan, Mashhad, Shirvan, and Neyshabur along with different temperature levels including 9 constant temperature levels (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 °C). The results showed that the best explainable models for different fenugreek ecotypes were Intersected-lines and Dent-like models. The germination rate and reciprocal time to median germination (R50) increased by raising the temperature to optimum temperature. The highest ecological temperature range (TR) for germination belonged to Mashhad ecotype at 39.7 °C according to intersected lines and Dent-like models. Also, the mean base temperature (Tb) for fenugreek ecotypes was determined at 1.1, 1.3, and 1.3 °C, the mean optimum temperature (To) was determined at 20.8, 22.4, and 21.0 °C, and the mean maximum temperature (Tm) was also estimated 39.4, 39.2 and 38.6 °C based on the outputs from intersected-lines, quadratic polynomial and five-parameters beta models, respectively. It seems that the adaptation and eco-evolutionary of Mashhad ecotype for higher germination compared to other ecotypes under different environmental conditions occurs to rapid seedling growth and avoid the risks of low productivity and extinction in the presence of abiotic stresses caused by climate change.

Effect of BAP and 2,4-D on callus induction of Jatropha curcas in vitro

Abstract. Andaryani S, Samanhudi, Yunus A. 2019. Effect of BAP and 2,4-D on callus induction of Jatropha curcas in vitro. Cell Biol Dev 3: 56-65. The aim of this study was to obtain appropriate concentrations of Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) to increase callus induction in vitro using shoot explants of Jatropha curcas L. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia, from July to August 2010. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two treatment factors and three replications. The first factor is the level of BAP concentration, namely: 0.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 1.5 ppm, and 2 ppm. The second factor is the concentration of 2,4-D, namely: 0 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.5 ppm, and 0.75 ppm. Observation variables included callus emergence time, callus color, callus texture, root emergence time, number of roots, shoot emergence time, number of shoots, leaf emergence time, number of leaves, and callus fresh weight. Qualitative data are presented descriptively. Quantitative data includes callus fresh weight data, which was analyzed for variance based on the 5% F test and continued with the DMRT test at the 5% level. The results showed that the combination of 2 ppm BAP treatment and 0.25 ppm 2,4-D was the fastest in inducing callus, 5.67 Days After Planting (DAP). All the resulting calluses have a crumb texture. The average callus color in all treatment combinations was yellowish-green. Only the treatment combination of 1 ppm BAP without 2,4-D could produce roots at 9 DAP. The combination of 0.5 ppm BAP treatment and 0.25 ppm 2,4-D was the fastest to produce shoots, 6 DAP. The fastest leaf emergence was obtained in the 1 ppm BAP treatment without 2,4-D, 11 DAP. The combination of 2 ppm BAP treatment and 0.5 ppm 2,4-D resulted in the largest callus fresh weight (2.56 g).

Growth and leaf anatomy of rubber clones (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) IRR 400 series toward drought stress

The growth and leaf anatomy of plants in general time will changes when cultivated in drought area. An adaptation plant process that can be assessed from morphological characters. The research was conducted in a greenhouse and physiology laboratory at Sungei Putih Research Center, Indonesian Rubber Research Institute from June to September 2020. The study design is factorial randomized block design (RBD), the first factor is rubber clones (IRR 425, IRR 428, IRR 429, IRR 434, IRR 440, RRIC 100, BPM 24), the second factor is water content based on capasity field (CF) (30%, 60%, 90%) with repeated three times. The data is analyzed by MINITAB 6 software. If the analysis showed a significant difference, it would be continued by Tukey 5% test. The observed characters were plant height (cm), girth (mm), cuticle thickness (μm), stomata density and leaf relative water content (%). The results showed plant height and girth a decrease when the water content 30% CF, while cuticle thickness, stomata density and leaf relative moisture content appeared to be relatively same between among water content. IRR 434 clone is selected as clone with highest of plant height and stem diameter in drought stress.

Impact of Modified Atmosphere Packaging and Controlled Atmosphere Applications on ‘Seval F1’ Tomato Fruit Quality and Marketability

This study was carried out at the Postharvest Physiology Laboratory of the Department of Horticulture of Isparta University of Applied Sciences with the ‘Seval F1’ table tomato variety. Tomato fruits are stored in normal atmospheric storage (NA), modified atmosphere packages (MAPs) (MAP1 and MAP2) and in controlled atmosphere (CA) cabinets (5% O2+5% CO2) at 12±1°C temperature and 90% ± 5 relative humidity (RH) conditions. After removing the fruits from cold storage at each analysis period they were kept at room conditions for 2 days for shelf life evaluation. Weight loss, peel color, fruit firmness, soluble solids content, pH, titratable acidity, respiration rate (RR), ethylene production (EP), MAPs’ gas composition and sensorial analyzes were carried out for fruits taken randomly from cold storage and subsequent 2 days in shelf life conditions. According to the mean values, CA and MAPs maintained fruit firmness better than NA. The lowest RR (11.3 mLCO2 kg -1 h -1) was recorded in NA followed by MAP1 (13.2 mLCO2 kg -1 h -1). EP values of NA and CA were closer to each other’s and lower than those of the others (2.7 and 2.8 µL.kg-1h-1, respectively). CA had the highest taste-aroma value at 25+2 days of storage, followed by MAP1 and NA. The highest O2 (18.98 %) and the lowest CO2 (2.90 %) values were recorded in MAP1. In conclusion, CA and MAP1 storage conditions successfully extended the postharvest life of ‘Seval F1’ tomato fruits and maintained their marketable quality for 25+2 days.