Physiological Traits Of Wheat Research Articles

Delineation of genotype x environment interaction for identification of stable genotypes for different physiological traits in wheat

Delineation of genotype x environment interaction for identification of stable genotypes for different physiological traits in wheat

Effect of Foliar and Soil Application of Zinc on Grain Filling, Yield and Some Physiological Traits of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Salinity Stress

Effect of Foliar and Soil Application of Zinc on Grain Filling, Yield and Some Physiological Traits of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Salinity Stress

Physiological Indices and Yield Traits of Wheat Genotypes under Drought Stress Condition

We assessed the physiological parameters and yield traits of wheat genotypes under water limiting drought condition following split plot design with three biological replications at Department of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. The main plot treatment consisted of two water regimes (adequate water and drought condition) while four wheat genotypes (E 38, BAW 1118, BARI Gom 26 and BAW 1130) were assigned as sub-plot treatments. We observed that physiological traits of wheat were adversely affected due to drought environment than normal condition. Even yield of genotypes greatly reduced (37.03-54.44%) because of water scarcity in drought plots. However, wheat genotypes BAW 1118 and E 38 revealed more chlorophyll steadiness, more capability to conserve sufficient water and content of higher proline, soluble sugar and cell membrane stability as compared to BARI Gom 26 and BAW 1130 under water deficit condition. The order BAW 1118 > E 38 > BARI Gom 26 > BAW 1130 was exposed as the imperious level of tolerance centered on their yield. Yield contributing factors, for instance, different spikes characteristics and thousand grain weights at water deficiency situation assisted to enhance greater tolerance of BAW 1118 and E 38 genotypes.

Influence of Colchicine Concentrations on Wheat Seeds Germination and Seedling Quality

The study investigated the effect of colchicine (C) on seeds germination, as well as morph physiological traits of wheat, where dry wheat seeds were treated with colchicine at concentrations of (C) were (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08 %) compared to soaking in distilled water (control). The variance analysis results of laboratory germination experiments as well as in field experiments under rain-fed conditions showed that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the mean of most of the studied quantitative traits: germination quality such as germination force (%), germination energy (%), and laboratory germination (%). Leaf area (cm2 ), root spread, stem diameter (cm), as well as wet and dry weight under the influence of the different concentrations of colchicine. Where the results showed that when used wheat seeds which pre-soaked with colchicine solution at a concentration of (0.06) % for 56 hours pre-sowing, led to an obvious significant increase in all studied traits morph physiological properties and seedling vigor when compared to the control (untreated seeds - treated with distilled water only) as well as when compared with other concentrations of colchicine.

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Irrigation Levels on Yield and Some Physiological Traits of Wheat under Drip Irrigation

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Irrigation Levels on Yield and Some Physiological Traits of Wheat under Drip Irrigation

Wheat physiology predictor: predicting physiological traits in wheat from hyperspectral reflectance measurements using deep learning

BackgroundThe need for rapid in-field measurement of key traits contributing to yield over many thousands of genotypes is a major roadblock in crop breeding. Recently, leaf hyperspectral reflectance data has been used to train machine learning models using partial least squares regression (PLSR) to rapidly predict genetic variation in photosynthetic and leaf traits across wheat populations, among other species. However, the application of published PLSR spectral models is limited by a fixed spectral wavelength range as input and the requirement of separate custom-built models for each trait and wavelength range. In addition, the use of reflectance spectra from the short-wave infrared region requires expensive multiple detector spectrometers. The ability to train a model that can accommodate input from different spectral ranges would potentially make such models extensible to more affordable sensors. Here we compare the accuracy of prediction of PLSR with various deep learning approaches and an ensemble model, each trained and tested using previously published data sets.ResultsWe demonstrate that the accuracy of PLSR to predict photosynthetic and related leaf traits in wheat can be improved with deep learning-based and ensemble models without overfitting. Additionally, these models can be flexibly applied across spectral ranges without significantly compromising accuracy.ConclusionThe method reported provides an improved prediction of wheat leaf and photosynthetic traits from leaf hyperspectral reflectance and do not require a full range, high cost leaf spectrometer. We provide a web service for deploying these algorithms to predict physiological traits in wheat from a variety of spectral data sets, with important implications for wheat yield prediction and crop breeding.

Cycocel, iron and zinc effects on yield and physiological characteristics of wheat under drought stress conditions

A factorial split-plot experiment was performed in order to investigate the effect of foliar application of cycocel, iron and zinc micronutrients on the yield and some physiological traits of wheat under drought stress conditions in the form of complete randomized block design with three replications for two crop years in Robat Karim area (south of Tehran). In this study, irrigation at two levels (i1: normal irrigation and i2: irrigation interruption from the beginning of the reproductive stage) was considered as the main factor, the cycocel application at two levels (c1: non-application and c2: cycocel application at 0.5 L ha−1) and foliar application of micronutrients at four levels (f1: pure water (control), f2: iron foliar application, f3: zinc foliar application, and f4: iron + zinc foliar application (each at a ratio of 0.3%) were considered as the secondary factors. The application of cycocel under both normal irrigation and stress conditions at the reproductive stage increased seed yield and yield components. Iron + zinc foliar application with a mean of 5543 kg ha−1 had the highest seed yield while the lowest value belonged to the control treatment (pure water) with a mean of 4638 kg ha−1. In general, given the positive effect of cycocel and iron and zinc micronutrients on wheat crop characteristics, the application of these treatments under normal irrigation conditions and late season drought stress are recommended for the development of cultivation in temperate cold regions with semi-arid climate.

Efficacy Assessment of Biosynthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) on Stored Grain Insects and Their Impacts on Morphological and Physiological Traits of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plant.

Simple SummaryIn the current study, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) were successfully formed through the reduction of CuSO4·5H2O by the activity of Aspergillus niger strain (G3-1) metabolites. The as-formed CuO-NPs were characterized by UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier-transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Data showed the efficacy of fungal metabolites to fabricate crystallographic, spherical CuO-NPs with sizes of 14.0 to 47.4 nm at varied bending energies. The biosynthesized CuO-NPs exhibited activity against two wheat grain insects, Sitophilus granarius and Rhyzopertha dominica, in a size- and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the lower CuO-NP concentrations had beneficial effects on the morphological and physiological aspects of wheat plants, without displaying any toxicity or repression of growth.Herein, CuO-NPs were fabricated by harnessing metabolites of Aspergillus niger strain (G3-1) and characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy, XRD, TEM, SEM-EDX, FT-IR, and XPS. Spherical, crystallographic CuO-NPs were synthesized in sizes ranging from 14.0 to 47.4 nm, as indicated by TEM and XRD. EDX and XPS confirmed the presence of Cu and O with weight percentages of 62.96% and 22.93%, respectively, at varied bending energies. FT-IR spectra identified functional groups of metabolites that could act as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents to the CuO-NPs. The insecticidal activity of CuO-NPs against wheat grain insects Sitophilus granarius and Rhyzopertha dominica was dose- and time-dependent. The mortality percentages due to NP treatment were 55–94.4% (S. granarius) and 70–90% (R. dominica). A botanical experiment was done in a randomized block design. Low CuO-NP concentration (50 ppm) caused significant increases in growth characteristics (shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, and leaves number), photosynthetic pigments (total chlorophylls and carotenoids), and antioxidant enzymes of wheat plants. There was no significant change in carbohydrate or protein content. The use of CuO-NPs is a promising tool to control grain insects and enhance wheat growth performance.

Generation mean analysis for important morpho-physiological traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The present investigation consisted of six genetic populations i.e. P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 of six crosses which were evaluated during the rabi, 2015-16 season. The six populations (parents, F1, backcrosses and F2) of the two wheat crosses, (NIAW-34 X NIAW-343 and NIAW-917 X NIAW-2030) were grown under restricted irrigation at Post Graduate Institute Farm, Department of Botany, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri (MS). Mean performance of Parents, f1’s, f2’s, BC1 and BC2 for different morphological and physiological traits in wheat recorded significant differences among both the crosses. Analysis of variance showed significant variability for all the traits in both crosses. All the three individual scaling tests for viz., A, B and C were significant for four traits viz., Number of tillers per plant, Number of grains per spike, grain yield per plant and Chlorophyll stability index (CSI) in both the crosses indicating the inadequacy of additive-dominance model to explain inheritance. Additive as well as Dominant genetic effects were highly significant in both the crosses, for the Days for 50% flowering, Days to maturity, Number of tillers per plant, Number of grains per spike, grain yield per plant, Chlorophyll stability index (CSI) and Membrane injury index. The epistatic gene interactions (i, j and l) for Chlorophyll stability index (CSI) was highly significant. Additive x additive, additive x dominance and dominance x dominance was observed in both the crosses. Duplicate type of epistasis was observed in both the crosses for days to maturity, plant height, grain yield per plant, chlorophyll stability index (CSI) and membrane injury index.

Effects of heat and drought stress on yield and physiological traits in wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.)

Effects of heat and drought stress on yield and physiological traits in wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.)

Silver Nanoparticle Regulates Salt Tolerance in Wheat Through Changes in ABA Concentration, Ion Homeostasis, and Defense Systems.

Salinity is major abiotic stress affecting crop yield, productivity and reduces the land-usage area for agricultural practices. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of green-synthesized silver nanoparticle (AgNP) on physiological traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under salinity stress. Using augmented and high-throughput characterization of synthesized AgNPs, this study investigated the proximity of AgNPs-induced coping effects under stressful cues by measuring the germination efficiency, oxidative-biomarkers, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, proline and nitrogen metabolism, stomatal dynamics, and ABA content. Taken together, the study shows a promising approach in salt tolerance and suggests that mechanisms of inducing the salt tolerance depend on proline metabolism, ions accumulation, and defense mechanisms. This study ascertains the queries regarding the correlation between nanoparticles use and traditional agriculture methodology; also significantly facilitates to reach the goal of sustainable developments for increasing crop productivity via much safer and greener approachability.

Evaluation of Genetic Diversity of َAgronomic and Physiological Traits in Wheat under Two Field Environments

Evaluation of Genetic Diversity of َAgronomic and Physiological Traits in Wheat under Two Field Environments

Genetic Analysis of Response to Water Deficit Stress Based on Physiological Traits in Wheat

Genetic Analysis of Response to Water Deficit Stress Based on Physiological Traits in Wheat

Influence of source limitation on physiological traits of wheat

Influence of source limitation on physiological traits of wheat

Hyperspectral reflectance as a tool to measure biochemical and physiological traits in wheat.

Improving photosynthesis to raise wheat yield potential has emerged as a major target for wheat physiologists. Photosynthesis-related traits, such as nitrogen per unit leaf area (Narea) and leaf dry mass per area (LMA), require laborious, destructive, laboratory-based methods, while physiological traits underpinning photosynthetic capacity, such as maximum Rubisco activity normalized to 25 °C (Vcmax25) and electron transport rate (J), require time-consuming gas exchange measurements. The aim of this study was to assess whether hyperspectral reflectance (350-2500 nm) can be used to rapidly estimate these traits on intact wheat leaves. Predictive models were constructed using gas exchange and hyperspectral reflectance data from 76 genotypes grown in glasshouses with different nitrogen levels and/or in the field under yield potential conditions. Models were developed using half of the observed data with the remainder used for validation, yielding correlation coefficients (R2 values) of 0.62 for Vcmax25, 0.7 for J, 0.81 for SPAD, 0.89 for LMA, and 0.93 for Narea, with bias <0.7%. The models were tested on elite lines and landraces that had not been used to create the models. The bias varied between -2.3% and -5.5% while relative error of prediction was similar for SPAD but slightly greater for LMA and Narea.

Estimation of genetic components for plant growth and physiological traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L) under normal and stress conditions

This study was conducted to investigate the genetic variability of plant growth and physiological characters in thirty wheat genotypes under normal and drought stress conditions. Selection of important plant growth and physiological traits are essential component for wheat yield improvement. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted in the glasshouse during 2012-13 to estimate the extent of genetic components viz., genetic variance, coefficient of variability and broad sense heritability for plant growth and physiological traits under normal and drought stress conditions. Higher genetic variance was observed between the genotypes for the cell membrane stability, excised leaf water loss, relative water content, proline, sugar and glycine betain under both conditions. This suggested that these indices can be used as direct selection criteria for wheat improvement. While excised leaf water loss and fresh root weight revealed the least variability for GCV and PCV correspond to high heritability under stress condition. Hence, these traits can be used as indirect selection criteria under stress condition.SAARC J. Agri., 13(1): 90-98 (2015)

Consequences of 1BL/1RS translocation on agronomic and physiological traits in wheat

The 1BL/1RS wheat-rye translocations had been used in wheat breeding programs worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the 1BL/1RS translocation in SeriM82 /Babax recombinant population. 167 lines of this population were assayed under well-irrigated, terminal drought, heat and a combination of heat and drought stress conditions in two years. 5S rDNA and Iag95 markers were used to differentiate genotypes with or without the1BL/1RS translocation. Presence of 1BL/1RS translocation reduced grain yield (YLD), grain per spike (GSP) and grain per m2 (GM2). QTLs in 1 BL/1RS segments indicated increased thousand-grain weight (TGW), chlorophyll content, spikelet per spike (SPLS), spike compactness (SCOM) and awn length (AWL) but reduced YLD, GSP and GM2. The 1BL/1RS carrying lines’ response varied between assayed environments. Plants of drought trials were more affected by 1BL/1RS compared to others. Differences in the effects of 1BL/1RS and QTLs suggest that gene expression at translocation loci is restricted to specific environmental conditions. In general, the 1BL/1RS translocation could not be a suitable source of genetic diversity for enhancing grain yield under heat and drought stresses.

Effects of temperature on some Physiological traits of Wheat

The effect of high temperature on some physiological traits of wheat has been studied under controlled condition in a green house. The temperature stress chosen for the study were 25±1/14±10C (control) 28±1/18±10C day/night and 35±1/25±10C day/night temperature. Total crop duration was reduced under higher temperature. The results showed that leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight, flag leaf area of wheat was reduced under higher temperature. High temperature brought sterility and consequently reduced grain yield. Wheat plant grown under 35±1/25±10C, day night temperature failed to form any seed. Chlorophyll content also directly related to grain weight. High temperature reduced leaf chlorophyll content as well as grain weight. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v38i2.21332 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 38, No. 2, 103-110, 2014

Gamma Irradiation Effects on Some Physiological Traits of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Control and Water Stress Conditions

Gamma Irradiation Effects on Some Physiological Traits of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Control and Water Stress Conditions

The Wheat Ethylene Response Factor Transcription Factor PATHOGEN-INDUCED ERF1 Mediates Host Responses to Both the Necrotrophic Pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis and Freezing Stresses

Sharp eyespot disease (primarily caused by the pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis) and freezing stress are important yield limitations for the production of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Here, we report new insights into the function and underlying mechanisms of an ethylene response factor (ERF) in wheat, Pathogen-Induced ERF1 (TaPIE1), in host responses to R. cerealis and freezing stresses. TaPIE1-overexpressing transgenic wheat exhibited significantly enhanced resistance to both R. cerealis and freezing stresses, whereas TaPIE1-underexpressing wheat plants were more susceptible to both stresses relative to control plants. Following both stress treatments, electrolyte leakage and hydrogen peroxide content were significantly reduced, and both proline and soluble sugar contents were elevated in TaPIE1-overexpressing wheat, whereas these physiological traits in TaPIE1-underexpressing wheat exhibited the opposite trend. Microarray and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses of TaPIE1-overexpressing and -underexpressing wheat plants indicated that TaPIE1 activated a subset of defense- and stress-related genes. Assays of DNA binding by electrophoretic mobility shift and transient expression in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) showed that the GCC boxes in the promoters of TaPIE1-activated genes were essential for transactivation by TaPIE1. The transactivation activity of TaPIE1 and the expression of TaPIE1-activated defense- and stress-related genes were significantly elevated following R. cerealis, freezing, and exogenous ethylene treatments. TaPIE1-mediated responses to R. cerealis and freezing were positively modulated by ethylene biosynthesis. These data suggest that TaPIE1 positively regulates the defense responses to R. cerealis and freezing stresses by activating defense- and stress-related genes downstream of the ethylene signaling pathway and by modulating related physiological traits in wheat.