Physiological Quality Of Rice Seeds Research Articles

PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF RICE SEEDS AS A FUNCTION OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF THE INSECTICIDE CIANTRANILIPROLE

The seed is one of the main agricultural inputs and its quality is one of the key factors for success in rice cultivation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality of rice seeds with different doses of the insecticide ciantraniliprole and its performance during storage of rice seeds. Rice seeds of the cultivar IRGA 424 RI treated at doses 0 (control), 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 ml of the product for each 100 kg of seeds were used. Evaluations were performed during storage periods 0, 60, 90, 135 and 180 days after treatment. Seed quality was monitored through the germination test, cold test and emergence. Under the conditions in which the study was carried out, we can conclude that: ciantraniliprole at doses of 60, 80 and 100 ml/100kg of seeds provides greater germination when the seeds are not stored, however the dose of 60 ml/100kg showed higher percentages of germination in other storage periods. For the cold test, cyantraniliprole in all doses was superior to the control without treatment and in the doses 60 ml/100kg of seeds it was superior in the storage times 0, 135 and 180 days, already in the storage periods 60 and 90 days the dose of 60 ml/100kg did not differ from the dose of 80 ml/100kg. For the emergence of seedlings, the treatment with the insecticide at a dose of 60 ml/100kg of seeds was superior to the others, except for the storage period of 135 days.

English

The study aimed to evaluate the yield components and physiological quality of rice seeds produced, obtained from coated seeds with rice rusk ash and kaolin®. Treatments consisted of coating rice seeds with two sources of silicon (silicate of aluminum-70% SiO2 (kaolin® and rice husk ash- 95% SiO2) at doses of 0; 30; 60; 90 and 120 g.100 kg-1 seed. Yield components were evaluated: Seed yield per plant, number of panicles per plant and number of seeds per plant. The seeds were subjected to germination, first count, total length, and root seedling tests to evaluate seeds physiological quality. Seed coating provided no increase in seed yield per plant and number of panicles per plant. However, there was an increase in the number of seeds produced for the cv. IRGA 424. In the cv. Puita Inta CL was observed an increase in the number of panicles per plant. As for seed quality, increases in germination were observed when seeds were treated with rice husk ash and the untreated seeds for both cultivars. Key words: Oryza sativa L., vigor, germination, rice husk ash, kaolin.

Physiological quality of irrigated rice seeds benefited in different UBS in the internal coastal plain of Lagoa dos Patos

The objective of the study is to evaluate the evolution of the physical and physiological quality of rice seeds throughout the processing process, analyzing the efficiencyof the equipment used in three Seed Processing Units (UBS) to produce certified seeds, located in the region of the inner coastal plain of Lagoa dos Patos. We know that the seed has to be made in the field, starting with the choice of the area, providing a good management and controlling invaders, pests and diseases, but we believe that UBS has a very important role in seed quality, and this is the purpose of this study. Each unit with its equipment on its production line was analyzed. The cultivar IRGA 424 RI was used in the three units, samples were taken at the exit of each equipment, tests for seedling emergence, germination, physical purity and determination of other contaminatingspecies were carried out. A gradual increase in purity and germination was observed along the processing line in the three UBS’s, except for the determination of weedy rice, where equipment was not efficient.

Physical and physiological quality of rice seeds in function of drying temperature and storage

The objective with the work was to evaluate, during storage, the rice seeds physical and physiological quality, cultivar IRGA 424 RI, dried with different drying air temperatures. For such, rice seeds were harvested with a moisture content of 22%. Then, they were subjected to drying in a cross-flow dryer, operating in an intermittent system and using the 55 and 65 ºC drying air temperatures. After, samples containing 50 kg of seeds were stored in PP Woven Bags for 240 days. After drying and every 60 days, physical and physiological analyses were performed. The experiment was conducted under a completely randomized design, arranged in a split-plot scheme, with 4 replications. The physical quality, estimated by the seed hectoliter weight, decreased during storage, regardless of the drying air temperature. The germination percentage, as well as the vigor increased during storage, regardless of drying air temperature due to the dormancy overcoming process. The dry seeds with the highest drying air temperature showed less vigor throughout the storage, according to the cold test. The rice seeds drying with an air temperature of 65 ºC, promoted a higher drying speed and did not negatively influence the seeds physical and physiological quality, however, reduced the vigor.

Physiological quality and dormancy of rice seeds during storage

Storage is a set of techniques adopted during the off-season, aiming at conditioning the seeds to maintain their quality for the next harvest. The study of effect by storage is important to know the performance of dormancy under different environments and the influence of temperature and relative humidity in the storage on rice seeds. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds in storage, to understand whether environmental conditions influence in overcoming dormancy and the physiological quality of rice seeds. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme: storage x evaluation times x cultivar. Seeds of rice cultivars from the Alto Vale do Itajai, SC, from the 2016/17 and 2017/18 seasons were submitted to storage in a dry chamber (10 oC and 50% RH) and conventional (without temperature and relative humidity control). Germination, vigor by accelerated aging and tetrazolium tests during storage were performed. Dormancy was affected by storage conditions. And it affected the germination and vigor of the seeds. It is concluded that the temperature and humidity conditions in the storage affect the overcoming of the dormancy of rice seeds. The dry chamber (10 oC and 50% RH) favors the overcoming of dormancy and the maintenance of the physiological quality of the seeds of the rice cultivars Epagri 109, SCS121 CL, SCS122 Miura and Primoriso CL.

Seed coating with biological agents to improve the quality of rice seeds contaminated with blast pathogens and increase seedling growth

Abstract. Palupi T, Riyanto F. 2020. Seed coating with biological agents to improve the quality of rice seeds contaminated with blast pathogens and increase seedling growth. Biodiversitas 21: 683-688. The aim of this research were (1) to evaluate the compatibility of five biological agents (SP21, SP31, RP21, TP12, and TP11), (2) to evaluate the physical and physiological quality of rice seeds contaminated with Pyricularia grisea after being treated with seed coating enriched with biological agents, (3) to evaluate the effectiveness of seed coating on the incidence of blast disease and seedling growth. The first experiment tested the compatibility of five bacterial antagonists on the PSA plates. There were eight treatments in the second experiment namely seed coating enriched with SP21+SP31; SP21+RP21; SP21+TP12; SP31+RP21; RP21+TP11; fungicides; positive control (rice seeds contaminated with blast), and negative control (healthy seeds), and seven treatments in the third experiment which were the same as in experiment 2 without negative control. Parameters observed in the second experiment were: seed germination, vigor index, and growth rate, while parameters observed in the 3rd experiment were the incidence rate of blast disease and plant height. The results of experiment 1 showed that isolates SP21+SP3, SP21+RP21, SP21+TP12, SP31+RP21, and RP21+TP11 had good growth compatibility without antagonism, and they can be used as biocontrol agents. Results of experiment 2 showed that seed coating enriched with SP21+SP31 isolates has the potential to improve the physical and physiological quality of the seeds. Results of experiment 3 showed that seed coating enriched with RP21+TP11 had no incidence of blast disease up to 4 weeks after planting.

Selenium toxicity in upland field-grown rice: Seed physiology responses and nutrient distribution using the μ-XRF technique.

Selenium (Se) is an essential element for human and animal, although considered beneficial to higher plants. Selenium application at high concentration to plants can cause toxicity decreasing the physiological quality of seeds. This study aimed to characterize the Se toxicity on upland rice yield, seed physiology and the localization of Se in seeds using X-ray fluorescence microanalysis (μ-XRF). In the flowering stage, foliar application of Se (0, 250, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 g ha-1) as sodium selenate was performed. A decrease in rice yield and an increase in seed Se concentrations were observed from 250g Se ha-1. The storage proteins in the seeds showed different responses with Se application (decrease in albumin, increase in prolamin and glutelin). There was a reduction in the concentrations of total sugars and sucrose with the application of 250 and 500g Se ha-1. The highest intensities Kα counts of Se were detected mainly in the endosperm and aleurone/pericarp. μ-XRF revealed the spatial distribution of sulfur, calcium, and potassium in the seed embryos. The seed germination decreased, and the electrical conductivity increased in response to high Se application rates showing clearly an abrupt decrease of physiological quality of rice seeds. This study provides information for a better understanding of the effects of Se toxicity on rice, revealing that in addition to the negative effects on yield, there are changes in the physiological and biochemical quality of seeds.

TEST OF EXUDATE pH IN RICE SEEDS

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a pH test of the exudate (with and without tegument) as an indicator of the physiological quality of rice seeds. The experimental design was completely randomized, with seven lots and four replications. The seven lots were assessed for water content and initial physiological quality by means of germination, first germination count, emergence, emergence speed index and tetrazolium tests. The pH test of the exudate was conducted with 100 seeds of each treatment, with tegument and without tegument. The seeds were individually soaked in 2.0 mL distilled water for different periods (20, 40, and 60 minutes) and three temperatures (20, 25, and 30 °C). The results were submitted to the Scott Knott test at 5% probability. The pH test of the exudate is a promising method to evaluate the physiological quality of rice seeds by detecting differences in vigor between marketable lots. This test should be conducted with rice seed without tegument, at 25 °C, with a soak time of 60 minutes.

Physiological Quality of Rice and Soybean Seeds Produced Under Hydric Stress in Greenhouse

The hydric resources are primordial for plants growth and development, under conditions where the growing environment express hydric shortage. These conditions can directly or indirectly affect development, the formation of new organs, yield and quality seeds. The study aimed to evaluate the physiological quality of rice and soybean seeds, produced under hydric restriction. Experiment 1: for rice, the scheme was completely randomized with four repetitions, the treats of hydric restrictions were applied in the periods of 0, 24, 48, 72 hours at the phenological stage of filling seeds. Experiment 2: for soybean, the scheme was completely randomized, conducted in factorial scheme, four replicates with four hydric restriction periods of 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours, at the phenological stage of filling seeds. It was verified that as the hydric restriction hours increase, at the rice seeds filling, the physiologic quality is affected, the higher effect occurred at 72 hours of restriction. While at the soybean seeds production it was not verified such effects, only the thousand seeds mass was negatively affected. The physiological quality of rice seeds were more affected, when compared to soybean seeds submitted to the same treats of hydric stress.

Potencial fisiológico de sementes de duas cultivares de arroz em resposta ao stresse salino

The objective was to evaluate the physiological quality of rice seeds of BRS AG and BRS Pampa under different saline levels. The seeds were subjected in four concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl), zero, 50, 100, and 150 mM and the seed response to these variations were evaluated by germination, first count, seedling shoot and root length, dry weight, and respiratory activity. The experiment design was a completely randomized in factorial design, with two rice cultivars and four concentrations of NaCl. The experimental data were subjected to variance analysis and when significant, qualitative variables were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability and quantitative variables submitted topolynomial regression analysis. The germination of BRS AG seeds was less sensitive to salinity than BRS Pampa seeds. The growth of shoot and root and dry matter accumulation of seedlings of both rice cultivars is affected negatively for salt stress conditions. The respiratory activity of seeds of both cultivars is affected by excess salts in the hydration process.

Relation of milling process and physiological quality of rice seeds during storage

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most widely grown crops in the world and one of the earliest domesticated crop species. Also, its consumption is around 20% of the world’s caloric intake. It was aimed in this study to evaluate the relation between milled rice yield and physiological quality of rice seeds during storage. Two experiments were carried out with seeds of long-fine common rice and special rice cultivars. The storage evaluations were made at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. The experimental design was completely randomized with 3 x 5 factorial (cultivars x storage) for each experiment, with four replicates. The performed tests were: Milled rice yield, weight of one thousand seeds, germination, first count of germination and electrical conductivity. The special rice cultivars ‘BRS 358’ and ´Jasmine’, as well as the common rice cultivars ‘Sinuelo’ and ‘Jacana’, have greater potential for seed physiological quality and milled rice yield. The physical quality for milling process is linked to the physiological quality of the six cultivars tested.

Rice Seed Production Under Conditions of Salinity Stres

ABSTRACT: In the present study, the objective was to evaluate the production and quality of rice seeds of four cultivars under conditions of saline stress caused by irrigation water. The work was carried out at the EliseuMaciel Agronomy College of the Universidade Federal de Pelotas, with four rice cultivars, IRGA 417, Avaxi CL, Inov CL and IAS 12-9 (Formosa). In the experiment, the following saline concentrations were used: 0; 12.5; 25; 37.5; 50; 75 and 100mM. After completing the crop cycle, the following agronomic characteristics were evaluated in each of the plants: number of panicles, total weight of panicles, percentage of full seeds, percentage of seedlings and weight of a thousand seeds. The physiological quality of the seeds harvested from the plants maintained under conditions of salinity stress was evaluated by germination and first count tests. Saline stress reduced the productivity and physiological quality of rice seeds, with different responses from the four cultivars used.

Physiological Quality of Rice Seeds Stored in Different Environments and Packages

Physiological Quality of Rice Seeds Stored in Different Environments and Packages

RICE SEED TREATMENT AND RECOATING WITH POLYMERS: PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY AND RETENTION OF CHEMICAL PRODUCTS

ABSTRACT The use of chemical seed treatment is an important tool in the protection of seedlings and has contributed to the increase of rice yield (Oryza sativa L.). The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality and quantify the retention of chemical products in rice seeds treated with insecticide and fungicide coated with polymers. Six seed treatments were used: control, phytosanitary treatment and phytosanitary treatment and coating with the polymers, Florite 1127®, GV5® Solid Resin, Polyseed CF® and VermDynaseed®. The physiological quality was evaluated by the test of germination and vigor by first count tests, germination speed index, shoot length, radicle length, seedling dry mass and sand emergence. To determine the retention of the active ingredients metalaxyl-M and thiamethoxam, an equipment called extractor was used. The experiment was organized in a completely randomized design (DIC) and the averages were separated by the Scott Knott test (p≤0.05). Seed treatment with the fungicide and insecticide, coated with the polymers, Florite 1127®, Solid Resin GV5®, Polyseed CF® and VermDynaseed®, did not affect the physiological quality of rice seeds. Solid Resin GV5®, Polyseed CF® and VermDynaseed® polymers were efficient at retaining thiamethoxam in the rice seeds, preventing some of the active ingredients of the insecticide from being leached through the sand columns immediately after the simulated pluvial precipitation.

Abiotic factors in the effect of herbicides on the physiological quality of rice seeds

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of rice seeds with the application of herbicides in two sowing seasons, and for the artificial reduction of lighting at different stages of crop development. The field experiment, carried out in the 2012/2013 crop year, consisted of a 2x3x5 factorial, comprising the factors: sowing season (18/10 and 09/11); herbicide (control (weeding), bispyribac-sodium and penoxsulam); and crop development phase under light reduction (control; seedling stage, vegetative phase, reproductive phase and the entire cycle). The cultivar used was IRGA 424. The following were evaluated in the laboratory: thousand-seed weight, germination, first germination count, cold test, electrical conductivity and the length and weight of seedling shoot and root dry matter. Late sowing results in the production of rice seeds of lower weight and physiological quality. The application of sodium- bispyribac on the rice that was sown later, leads to a reduction in the vigour of the produced seeds. With reductions in artificial lighting during the vegetative phase, rice seeds with greater mass and physiological quality are obtained, whereas when the lighting is a reduced for the entire crop cycle, poor quality seeds are produced.

Alterações fisiológicas e bioquímicas em sementes de arroz submetidas ao estresse térmico

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o efeito de diferentes temperaturas na atividade respiratória, enzimática e em processos relacionados à qualidade fisiológica de sementes de arroz, bem como utilizar a relação entre esses parâmetros como forma de caracterizar o início do processo de deterioração de sementes. As sementes foram expostas por 24 h às temperaturas de 15; 25; 30 e 35 ºC, e conduzidas aos testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento e massa seca da parte aérea e raiz, condutividade elétrica, atividade respiratória e enzimática. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p < 0,05) com posterior análise de regressão polinomial. As sementes de arroz apresentaram diminuição na germinação e no vigor a partir de temperaturas superiores a 25 ºC. A atividade respiratória aumentou com o aumento de temperatura, o mesmo ocorreu com a atividade das enzimas aos cinco dias após a semeadura (variando de 14,55 a 59,86 µmol de NAD+g-1 MF min-1 para a malato desidrogenase e de 0,25 a 0,57 µmol de NADPH g-1 MF min-1 para a glicose-6-fosfato desidrogenase). Portanto, pode-se concluir que os testes bioquímicos avaliados podem ser utilizados para identificar o início do processo deteriorativo das sementes de arroz e que temperaturas superiores a 25 ºC depreciam a qualidade destas sementes.

Qualidade de sementes de arroz irrigado produzidas com diferentes doses de silício

O arroz tem expressiva importância no cenário agrícola mundial, dada à extensão de áreas cultivadas e à sua produção. Sua importância e seu crescente consumo no mundo têm levado as instituições de pesquisa à busca cada vez maior por novas tecnologias que possam aumentar a produção de sementes de alta qualidade com um menor custo de produção. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a influência da aplicação de diferentes doses de silicato de cálcio (0, 800, 1600 e 3200 kg ha-1) no plantio, sobre a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de arroz produzidas e armazenadas por 0, 3 e 6 meses. Foram utilizadas sementes da cultivar Jequitibá, produzidas sob sistema irrigado por inundação, nos municípios de Lambari e Leopoldina - MG. Avaliaram-se o teor de água, germinação, vigor pelo envelhecimento acelerado, emergência e índice de velocidade de emergência e a atividade isoenzimática. O teor de água das sementes de 11,5% permaneceu inalterado durante o armazenamento. Em Lambari, local de solos com baixo teor de Si, houve pequeno efeito favorável do silicato de cálcio aplicado, sobre a qualidade das sementes produzidas. Já em Leopoldina, local de solos com médio teor de Si, a aplicação de silicato de cálcio foi prejudicial à qualidade das sementes produzidas.

Efeito do tratamento químico sobre a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de arroz com diferentes graus de umidade

Este trabalho foi conduzido com objetivo de analisar o efeito do tratamento químico sobre a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de arroz com diferentes graus de umidade durante o período de armazenamento. Foram utilizados dois lotes de sementes da cultivar EL PASO 144, com diferentes graus de umidade e níveis de sanidade. Para a formulação da calda fungicida foram adicionados 10 mL (1%), 20 mL (2%), e 30 mL (3%) de água em mistura com fungicida Carboxin/Thiram (300 mL.100 kg -1 de sementes). Iguais porcentagens de água, sem adição do fungicida, além de uma testemunha, constituíram os sete tratamentos. Após, foram embaladas em recipientes herméticos, e armazenadas por oito meses em temperatura ambiente. Foram avaliados o grau de umidade das sementes, a germinação, o vigor e a sanidade. Para avaliação bioquímica das sementes, através da técnica de eletroforese de sistemas enzimáticos, foi determinada a atividade das enzimas fosfatase ácida, álcool desidrogenase, glutamato oxalacetato, transaminase, esterase e α-amilase. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o completamente casualizado, com três repetições. Os efeitos benéficos do tratamento fungicida sobre a qualidade fisiológica são evidentes logo após o tratamento das mesmas. Houve decréscimo na germinação e no vigor das sementes tratadas, intensificado a partir do 60º dia de armazenamento. O fungicida utilizado no tratamento de sementes é eficiente na redução da incidência de fungos associados às mesmas. A alta umidade da semente associada ao fungicida acelera o processo de deterioração durante o armazenamento em embalagem hermética. Não foi possível detectar efeito do fungicida na expressão das enzimas em sementes viáveis.

Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de arroz submetidas à radiação gama

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da radiação gama (Co60) na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de arroz. O estudo foi realizado em três ensaios. No primeiro ensaio, sementes de arroz foram irradiadas com doses de 0; 1; 2,5 e 5Gy e, para o segundo e o terceiro ensaio, as sementes foram submetidas a envelhecimento acelerado, antes da irradiação. No segundo ensaio, as sementes foram dividas em úmidas e secas após envelhecimento acelerado e, então, foram irradiadas nas doses 0; 1; 2,5 e 5Gy. No terceiro ensaio, as sementes foram secas após o envelhecimento acelerado e irradiadas com doses de 0, 10, 25 e 50Gy. Para avaliação dos efeitos fisiológicos da radiação gama, foram realizados teste de germinação - TG, índice de velocidade de germinação - IVG e crescimento de plantas (comprimento de parte aérea e sistema radicular e massa seca total), em todos os ensaios. Foram determinadas as atividades enzimáticas da fosfatase ácida e alfa amilase nas sementes secas, no segundo ensaio. Os resultados obtidos nos ensaios indicam que as doses de radiação gama estudadas não afetam a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de arroz.

Métodos para avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de arroz

Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência de diferentes métodos para a determinação da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de arroz, foram utilizados dois grupos de dez lotes de sementes, das variedades BR-IRGA 409 e BR-IRGA 410. A qualidade dos lotes foi determinada através do teor de água, peso de mil sementes, teste de germinação e dos testes de vigor: primeira contagem de germinação, classificação do vigor de plântulas, envelhecimento acelerado, teste de frio modificado, tamanho e massa seca de plântulas e emergência no campo. Concluiu-se que os testes de frio modificado e classificação do vigor de plântulas são capazes de estratificar diferentes lotes de arroz pelo vigor e se correlacionam positivamente com a emergência no campo. O teste de envelhecimento acelerado, sob as condições de 42'C e 100% de umidade relativa do ar, durante 120 horas, estratifica lotes de arroz , em função do vigor das sementes. Os testes de tamanho e massa seca de plântulas, quando eliminam as plântulas anormais e sementes não germinadas, não são capazes de estratificar lotes de sementes de arroz, em função do vigor.