Physiological Need Research Articles

Effects of Magnetized, Chelated Iron Foliage Treatments on Foliar Physiology, Plant Growth and Drought Tolerance for Two Legume Species

A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effects of foliar applications of magnetized, chelated liquid iron fertilizer for increasing the drought tolerance of two legumes. Study objectives were to determine the drought tolerance effects of four treatments on foliar gas exchange, soil moisture, and plant growth for velvet bean (Mucuns pruriens) and soybean (Gylcine max) plants. The four foliage treatments included applications with chelated liquid iron fertilizer (2.5 and 5%) with a conventional boom sprayer, with and without magnets in the spray lines. Physiological measurements were collected before foliar treatments and again after a 24-day deficit irrigation schedule. Physicochemical water properties were measured for each of the foliar treatments. Photosynthesis rates were 5.98, 2.04 and 3.19 µmol/m2/s for the control, non-magnetized and magnetized fertilizer treatments (2.5%), respectively, after completing the deficit irrigation schedule. Instantaneous water use efficiency (IWUE) was 0.60, 0.28 and 1.02 for the control, non-magnetized and magnetized fertilizer treatments (2.5%), respectively, after completing the deficit irrigation schedule. Photosynthesis and IWUE increased 56 and 263% for the magnetized fertilizer treatment (2.5%) compared to the non-magnetized foliar treatment, when averaged across both legume species. Photosynthesis and IWUE increased as electrical conductivity increased and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) decreased in absolute terms. A single foliar application resulted in aberrant physiological responses that are contrary to very widely held plant defense theories involving abiotic stressors. The single application improved the photosynthesis and water use efficiency for water stressed legumes emphasizing the need to better understand the relationships between water quality, plant bioenergetics, and stress physiology. Improved drought tolerance in row crops such as dry beans and soybeans, with a single magnetized fertilizer application, would be cost effective and easily adapted into current cropping systems. Interactions among physicochemical water properties, bioenergetics, plant metabolism, and crop stress physiology need to be further investigated in order to improve the quality of irrigation water to enhance drought tolerance of field crops.

Фізіологічні потреби організму в ессенціальних мінеральних речовинах та роль водного фактора в їх забезпеченні (на прикладі окремих сільських районів Одеської області)

Проведено дослідження надходження основних мінеральних речовин до організму жителів шести районів Одеської області, що відрізняються умовами водопостачання. Встановлено, що харчування населення в досліджуваних районах відзначається дефіцитом основних речовин та їх незбалансованістю. Надходження кальцію та магнію з водою перевищує квоти водного фактора для цих мінералів, а надходження натрію, калію, заліза та фтору з питною водою виявилося значно вищим, ніж очікувалося на стадії планування досліджень.

Physiological Characters and Alimentary Needs of Both Divergent Lines of the Barbary Partridge (Alectoris barbara, Bonnaterre, 1792) in Algeria

Background: The Barbary partridge (Alectoris barbara) is a wild endemic species of North-Africa. The lack of information about this species, allows putting research focus in the hunting center of Zeralda, on the selection of a line for an improvement on the zootechnical characteristics of this population. Methods: Over 13 weeks of follow-up, we have performed weekly measurements on 3 successive generations F12-F14 with daily measurements of food intake. We are interested at the fundamental level of the biological characterization of both divergent lines. The analysis of the effects of selection pressures on the growth to estimate the metabolizable energy of each line. Result: During 273 days of study period, we noticed that the metabolizable energy has an average divergence between the fast line and the slow one with 0.328 Kcal/day since birth and an average divergence of 8.899 Kcal/day towards the 13th week in favour of the fast line. Significance noticed between males and females with a favour of the males which are more important. In addition to that, the values of weight-based consumption index imply higher indices for the slow line compared to the values of the fast line. Our results highlight the efficiency of the selection scheme. This progress will allow developing the restoration methods and/or the natural restocking populations on scientific bases.

ОБЕСПЕЧЕННОСТЬ ПИЩЕВЫХ РАЦИОНОВ АСКОРБИНОВОЙ КИСЛОТОЙ У МОЛОДЫХ ЖЕНЩИН АРКТИЧЕСКОЙ И ПРИАРКТИЧЕСКОЙ ЗОН РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

In 137 women (18–44 years old) living for more than 5 years in Salekhard (YaNAO, n = 62) and KhantyMansiysk (KhMAO, n = 75), using the ASPON-nutrition program, we studied the intake of vitamin C with daily rations within 3 days. The results obtained were compared with the physiological need (FP) according to MR 2.3.1.0253-21. A defi ciency of vitamin C consumption was established in both groups of examined persons: 1.5 and 1.7 times lower than the FP, respectively, in Khanty-Mansiysk and Salekhard.

Perspective ale imaginii lui Dracula într-un secol cinematografic

This article aims to analyze the evolution of the cinematic representation of the character Dracula, imagined and made famous by Bram Stoker, the author of the eponymous Gothic novel. To better understand the context in which this character developed, I begin by presenting some relevant details from the life and work of the medieval ruler Vlad the Impaler, the source of inspiration for the British writer. The purpose of this article is to highlight the differences in nuance and changes over time with respect to Dracula. From a one-sided, bloody, animalistic character, he becomes more and more sophisticated every decade. In a cinematic century, Dracula changes radically, begins to have secondary objectives, placed immediately after his physiological need. This behavioral change can define the producers’ attempt to create a product that is marketable and open to a wider audience.

Changes in Cerebral Oxygenation and Systemic Physiology During a Verbal Fluency Task: Differences Between Men and Women.

Sex differences in behavioural performance of a cognitive task have been repeatedly reported in the literature. Whether such differences are also relevant for evoked cerebral haemodynamic and oxygenation responses as well as systemic physiological changes is a topic of ongoing investigations. We investigated whether changes in cerebral oxygenation and systemic physiological activity are sex-dependent during a verbal fluency task (VFT). VFT performance and changes in cerebral oxygenation and systemic physiology were investigated in 32healthy right-handed adults (17females, 15males, age: 25.5±4.3 years). The total duration of the VFT was 9 min. During this phase, subjects were also exposed to blue light (peak wavelength: 450nm, illuminance: 120lux). Before and after the VFT, subjects were in darkness. In this study, we used the systemic physiology augmented functional near-infrared spectroscopy (SPA-fNIRS) approach. Absolute concentration changes of oxyhaemoglobin ([O2Hb]), deoxyhaemoglobin ([HHb]), total haemoglobin ([tHb]), as well as tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) were measured bilaterally over the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and visual cortex (VC). Systemic physiological parameters were also recorded in parallel (e.g., end-tidal CO2, heart rate, respiration rate, skin conductance). We found that: (i) Females were better VFT performers in comparison to males. (ii) Changes in [O2Hb] and [HHb] in the VC were higher for males compared to females during the VFT under blue light exposure. (iii) Lower and higher StO2 changes were detected for males compared to females in the PFC and VC, respectively. (iv) Sex-dependent changes were also evident for end-tidal CO2, heart rate, respiration rate, and pulse-respiration quotient. Our study showed that sex differences are not only observed in task performance but also in the magnitudes of changes in cerebral and physiological parameters. The findings of the current study emphasise that sex differences in brain activation and systemic physiological activity need to be considered when interpreting functional neuroimaging data. These findings offer a broad range of implications for educational purposes and facilitate a better understanding of the effects of sex on behavioural performance as well as human physiology.

Development оf the Recipe Composition of a Functional Snack Bar Based on Vegetable Ingredients

Advances in the development of modern snack bar formulations demonstrate the wide variety of ingredients used and their combinations. At the same time, the prevailing trends in the food market orient manufacturers towards the active use of ingredients of plant origin. Analysis of literary sources made it possible to substantiate the choice of recipe ingredients for creating a functional snack bar: processed products of raspberries and blueberries, apples, dates, cashews, soy protein isolate. The use of a new combination of known ingredients requires solving a number of problems that make a key contribution to the creation of product technology and the development of its formulation. The aim of the study was to experimentally substantiate and develop a recipe for a ready-to-eat functional snack bar based on herbal ingredients. The work used raw materials that meet the requirements of GOST, TU, and generally accepted methods of analysis: determination of polyphenolic compounds, flavones, flavonols was carried out by spectrophotometric method; organic acids and vitamin C - by titrimetric method; nutritional value of snack bar samples by protein, fat, carbohydrates and dietary fiber content - by calculation method. As a result of the research carried out, the recipe for the snack bar was experimentally substantiated and developed, taking into account the new composition of the selected herbal ingredients; technological solutions for its implementation are proposed. It has been shown that berry ingredients used in work (concentrated raspberry and blueberry juices, freeze-dried blueberry powder and freeze-dried raspberries) are a source of natural components useful for human health - organic acids, polyphenolic compounds, including flavones and flavonols, as well as vitamin C. The combination of berry ingredients with other recipe components - date paste, apple syrup, apple fibers, soy protein isolate, cashew nuts - results in a finished product with acceptable taste and consumer properties and an increased content of protein and functional food ingredients - vitamin C and dietary fiber. It was found that the consumption of one serving (50 g) of a snack bar obtained according to the proposed recipe allows satisfying the physiological need of an adult in protein by 5.7-10.8%, fats - 1.1-2.5%, digestible carbohydrates - 5.4 -12.6%, dietary fiber - 14.4 -18.0%, vitamin C - 11.2%, covering an adequate level of consumption of flavones and flavonols - by 45.5%. The snack bar obtained according to the developed recipe contains only natural sugars and can be positioned as a product that is a source of protein, vitamin C and a product with a high dietary fiber content. The results of the research carried out can be recommended for use in production to expand the assortment line of healthy snacks. For the development of a complete package of technological solutions, directions for further research are outlined, which will be aimed at finding and justifying effective packaging solutions that ensure the quality, safety of the product and the safety of biologically active substances during storage

Development of enriced butter

At present the issues related to the prevention of diseases of the 20th century that arise with the development of human society and include external (infection, climate change, ecology) and internal (stressful situations, weakening of immunity, metabolic problems) reasons caused by the modern lifestyle are the topical issues of the world community. A characteristic feature of a modern person’s life is a constant lack of free time, inadequate sleep, a sedentary lifestyle and, most importantly, an unbalanced diet. Taking into account regular stress factors, there is an increased physiological need of the human body for micro- and macronutrients that come with food. The lack of these elements, along with increasing mental and physical stress, leads to poor health and occurrence of diseases. Butter is traditional food in an average person’s diet. Butter is a highly nutritious food product where milk fat is concentrated. Milk fat contains many valuable ingredients such as water, phospholipids, lactose and complete proteins. The development of butter enriched with vegetable fillers is a topical research area. Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) has great prospects as a plant component. The aim of the research is to develop fortified butter. To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been formulated: to assess the effect of Melissa officinalis L. herbal additive on the organoleptic characteristics of the enriched butter; to conduct an experimental assessment of the quality characteristics of experimental samples of butter with Melissa officinalis L. as a fortified product; to determine changes in the quality characteristics of Melissa officinalis L. enriched butter during storage; to develop a recipe for enriched butter with Melissa officinalis L. herbal additive.

Iron supplementation given to nonanemic infants: neurocognitive functioning at 16 years

ABSTRACT Objective There is concern that high iron uptake during the critical period of early brain development carries potential risks, especially for nonanemic infants. This study examined the neurocognitive functioning of 16-year-olds who were nonanemic as infants and received iron supplementation. Methods We studied 562 Chilean adolescents (M 16.2 years; 52.7% female) who participated in a randomized controlled iron supplementation trial in infancy. Between 6 and 12 months, 346 consumed an iron-fortified formula (12.7 Fe mg/L) or, if primarily breastfed, liquid vitamins with 15 mg elemental iron as ferrous sulfate, and 216 consumed unmodified cow milk without iron or liquid vitamins without iron if primarily breastfed. Results Compared to adolescents in the no-added iron condition in infancy, those in the iron-supplemented condition had poorer visual-motor integration, quantitative reasoning skills, and incurred more errors on neurocognitive tasks. Consuming larger amounts of iron-fortified formula in infancy was associated with lower arithmetic achievement. Of adolescents who had high hemoglobin at 6 months (Hb ≥ 125 g/L), those in the iron supplemented condition had poorer performance on arithmetic, quantitative reasoning, and response inhibition tests than those in the no-added iron condition. Of adolescents who had marginally low 6-month hemoglobin (Hb > 100 and < 110 g/L), those who received no-added iron incurred more errors on a visual searching task than those in the iron-supplemented condition. Conclusion The physiologic need for iron during the period of rapid and critical brain development in young infants should be considered vis-à-vis the risks associated with supplementing nonanemic infants with high levels of iron. Clinical Trials number: NCT01166451

The 1988 US Surgeon General's report Nicotine Addiction: how well has it stood up to three more decades of research?

The 1988 US Surgeon General's Report, entitled Nicotine Addiction, was a comprehensive treatise setting out the evidence that tobacco is addictive and showing that nicotine lies at the heart of this addiction. It likened tobacco to drugs such as cocaine and heroin, and provided a powerful rationale for combining public health and clinical approaches to prevent and combat tobacco addiction. The main conclusions of the report have stood up well to more than 30 years of further research, but there are areas where our thinking needs to be updated. In particular, we now know that different nicotine products are differently addictive and that different tobacco and nicotine products only partially substitute for each other, even when they deliver similar amounts of nicotine with similar rapidity. We also understand that addiction to nicotine products does not depend upon development of physiological tolerance, pleasurable effects or need to relieve adverse mood and physical symptoms. The field of tobacco control needs to embrace a model of tobacco and nicotine addiction based upon nicotine acting in concert with the means of ingesting it to generate cravings. The field also needs to go further in distinguishing between addiction to different tobacco and nicotine products. Crucially, tobacco policy globally needs to do much more to recognize the addictive nature of tobacco and benefits of treatment.

MicroRNAs and exosomes: Cardiac stem cells in heart diseases

Treating cardiovascular diseases with cardiac stem cells (CSCs) is a valid treatment among various stem cell-based therapies. With supplying the physiological need for cardiovascular cells as their main function, under pathological circumstances, CSCs can also reproduce the myocardial cells. Although studies have identified many of CSCs’ functions, our knowledge of molecular pathways that regulate these functions is not complete enough. Either physiological or pathological studies have shown, stem cells proliferation and differentiation could be regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). How miRNAs regulate CSC behavior is an interesting area of research that can help us study and control the function of these cells in vitro; an achievement that may be beneficial for patients with cardiovascular diseases. The secretome of stem and progenitor cells has been studied and it has been determined that exosomes are the main source of their secretion which are very small vesicles at the nanoscale and originate from endosomes, which are secreted into the extracellular space and act as key signaling organelles in intercellular communication. Mesenchymal stem cells, cardiac-derived progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes release exosomes that have been shown to have cardioprotective, immunomodulatory, and reparative effects. Herein, we summarize the regulation roles of miRNAs and exosomes in cardiac stem cells.

Protein Appetite at the Interface between Nutrient Sensing and Physiological Homeostasis.

Feeding behavior is guided by multiple competing physiological needs, as animals must sense their internal nutritional state and then identify and consume foods that meet nutritional needs. Dietary protein intake is necessary to provide essential amino acids and represents a specific, distinct nutritional need. Consistent with this importance, there is a relatively strong body of literature indicating that protein intake is defended, such that animals sense the restriction of protein and adaptively alter feeding behavior to increase protein intake. Here, we argue that this matching of food consumption with physiological need requires at least two concurrent mechanisms: the first being the detection of internal nutritional need (a protein need state) and the second being the discrimination between foods with differing nutritional compositions. In this review, we outline various mechanisms that could mediate the sensing of need state and the discrimination between protein-rich and protein-poor foods. Finally, we briefly describe how the interaction of these mechanisms might allow an animal to self-select between a complex array of foods to meet nutritional needs and adaptively respond to changes in either the external environment or internal physiological state.

Babukhadiya K.R., Reshetnik E.I. Functional cottage cheese product enriched with non-traditional vegetable components

The article considers the possibility of expanding the range of fermented milk products enriched with natural sources of biologically active substances, which is an urgent task today, as it corresponds to the concept of state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of healthy nutrition. As a solution to this problem, it has proposed to enrich the curd mass as part of the daily diet. Promising plant raw materials of the Far Eastern region, such as Ahnfeltia tobuchinensis, a representative of the genus of red algae growing in the Far Eastern Seas, are used as functional and enriching ingredients; Dahurian larch wood extract – arabinogalactan (Lavitol-arabinogalactan) and peppermint (Méntha piperíta). Grounded ahnfeltia was used in the size of not more than 0,5 mm. On the basis of the analysis of the composition and properties of the applied non-traditional additives, the possibility of enrichment of curd products with dietary fiber and organic iodine from plant components has been substantiated. Optimal ratios of enriching prescription components to the weight of cottage cheese in a finished product are the following: ahnfeltia powder – 1,5%, arabinogalactan – 2,5%, peppermint – 1%. Also, when determining the optimal dosages of the introduced components, it is proposed to replace the prescription amount of sugar with flower honey, which is a natural sweetener and a powerful antioxidant. Organoleptic and physicochemical parameters of the finished samples have been analyzed. As a result of the research the functional curd product one portion (100 g) of which is capable to satisfy daily physiological need of an organism for iodine for 29,32%, in dietary fibers for 12,38% has been developed.

Summer coastal rookeries and perspectives of the Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica) population in the conditions of the global warming

Based on the secondary literature, a retrospective characterization of the climate in the Baikal region, starting from the end of the Pleistocene, is given. According to satellite monitoring data, the characteristics of the ice regime of the Lake Baikal in the conditions of climate warming are presented. Moreover, we briefly discuss the impact of climate change on the ecology and biology of the Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica Gm.). Using video materials obtained online at one of the main island coastal rookeries of seals (on the island of Tonkyi, the archipelago of the Ushkany Islands, Lake Baikal) in 2011–2017, the dependence of the number of seals hauled out on the lake level and the peculiarities of the fishing regime was determined (the survey was conducted from May–June to October). A direct relationship was determined between the relative number of animals that had a moulting delay and the ice regime of a given year: the longer the floating ice in the northern part of Lake Baikal remained, the more numerous were the first approaches of seals to the studied rookery and the greater was the proportion of moulting individuals. It is reasonable to assume that the main reason for the Baikal seal to come ashore is not prolongued moulting time, but a physiological need for sunlight, which has a healing effect on the body of animals that lack solar radiation in winter. In general, climate warming has a negative impact on the state of the Baikal seal population. The available paleoclimatic reconstructions of the Holocene indicate that the population of the Baikal seal has experienced a lot of climate changes in its history. Nevertheless, if the current trends of climatic changes persist until the end of the 21st century, the ecology and biology of the seal will drastically change (up to the beginning of terrestrial reproduction), and the population will significantly decrease. However, the Baikal seal as a species would remain.

Summer coastal rookeries and perspectives of the Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica) population in the conditions of the global warming

Based on the secondary literature, a retrospective characterization of the climate in the Baikal region, starting from the end of the Pleistocene, is given. According to satellite monitoring data, the characteristics of the ice regime of the Lake Baikal in the conditions of climate warming are presented. Moreover, we briefly discuss the impact of climate change on the ecology and biology of the Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica Gm.). Using video materials obtained online at one of the main island coastal rookeries of seals (on the island of Tonkyi, the archipelago of the Ushkany Islands, Lake Baikal) in 2011–2017, the dependence of the number of seals hauled out on the lake level and the peculiarities of the fishing regime was determined (the survey was conducted from May–June to October). A direct relationship was determined between the relative number of animals that had a moulting delay and the ice regime of a given year: the longer the floating ice in the northern part of Lake Baikal remained, the more numerous were the first approaches of seals to the studied rookery and the greater was the proportion of moulting individuals. It is reasonable to assume that the main reason for the Baikal seal to come ashore is not prolongued moulting time, but a physiological need for sunlight, which has a healing effect on the body of animals that lack solar radiation in winter. In general, climate warming has a negative impact on the state of the Baikal seal population. The available paleoclimatic reconstructions of the Holocene indicate that the population of the Baikal seal has experienced a lot of climate changes in its history. Nevertheless, if the current trends of climatic changes persist until the end of the 21st century, the ecology and biology of the seal will drastically change (up to the beginning of terrestrial reproduction), and the population will significantly decrease. However, the Baikal seal as a species would remain.

Tren Gaya Hidup Milenial, Identitas Sosial dan Desain Coffe Shop

This study aims to describe the background and describe the meaning of cafes as a marker of social class identity, for young people in the city of Kediri. This research is expected to contribute to the development of insight, especially insight into the phenomenon of human behavior that makes cafes a place to show social class. This research was conducted through a descriptive qualitative approach using a phenomenological study type of research. The primary data sources are six people who belong to millennials who like to hang out in luxury cafes. Secondary data sources come from books, magazines, articles on the internet, and print and electronic sources. Data collection methods used were participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out by interpretive qualitative analysis through four stages, namely data collection, data reduction and presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the phenomenon of making cafes a second home was motivated by a need for a self-image of social class identity for millennials in the city of Kediri. The meanings that arise from the hangout phenomenon continuously and in the long term form perceptions as raised by people who like to show off a luxurious lifestyle on social media as a form of self-image that has a high social class. The implication of the results of this study is to form a perception of hangout culture which was initially only a physiological need then shifted to a social need, especially for millennials who follow every technological development.

Digestibility of nutrients of full-fledged compound feed by rabbits in the first quarter of pregnancy

Basis of the organization of feeding of farm animals is the rationing of nutrients and energy. The latest rabbit feeding standards were reissued unchanged from the 80s of the last century in 2007. To develop new effective feeding standards, there is an urgent need to study the digestibility of nutrients and energy of full-fledged compound feed by pregnant rabbits. The balance experiment on rabbits of the Soviet Chinchilla breed in the first quarter of its pregnancy was carried out in the vivarium and the department of animal husbandry and rabbit breeding of the Scientific Research Institute of Fur Farming and Rabbit Breeding according to the generally accepted method with authors’ modifications. Two (control and experimental) groups of 6 heads each were formed from twelve 9-month-old rabbits. Rabbits received a full-fledged granular compound feed of the same energy value, but with a different ratio of nutrients. As a result of the balance experiment, it was found that the feed consumption in the control and experimental groups was at the same level. The coefficients of digestibility of dry, organic matter, soluble carbohydrates and gross energy are significantly higher in the experimental group. The coefficients of protein and fat digestibility are approximately at the same level in both groups, which indicates their stability and independence from the content in the feed. The lower coefficient of digestibility of mineral substances (ash) in the experimental group is obviously explained by the fact that there is no vitamin-mineral premix in it. And the digestibility of fiber probably depends on its content in the feed, the more fiber, the higher its digestibility coefficient. From the point of view of satisfying the physiological need for nutrients and energy, as well as considerations of economy, the diet of the experimental group is more optimal for rabbits in the first quarter of their life.

Application of a Structured Water Generator for Crop Irrigation: Structured Water, Drought Tolerance, and Alteration of Plant Defense Mechanisms to Abiotic Stressors

A greenhouse study was conducted to enhance drought tolerance in velvet bean plants (Mucuns pruriens) using structured irrigation water. The study combined magnetized seed treatments with watering plants with structured water treatments. A closed-loop, water system was custom-built to generate the structured irrigation water. The custom water generator utilized two energy fields (magnetic and ultra-violet radiation) to generate the structured water. The objectives of the study were to: 1) determine the effects of a magnetized seed treatment on velvet bean plants, 2) determine the effects of magnetized water treatments on velvet bean plants, 3) determine the effects of water treated with a hydroxylated water generator on velvet bean plants, 4) determine the effects of three soil moisture levels on velvet bean plants. The plant responses included: 1) foliage gas exchange rates 2) soil moisture, 3) cumulative water volume for each plant, 4) plant water use efficiency, and 5) oven-dry foliage biomass. The foliage gas exchange responses showed that the magnetized seed and structured water treatments disassociated the relationships between photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and internal carbon dioxide rates from soil moisture and leaf temperature. The optimal, combined magnetized seed and structured water treatments increased water savings from 32 to 52% over the unstructured water treatments, under the low soil moisture level. The maximum plant water use efficiency was 2.81, which occurred with a structured water treatment under the high soil moisture level. There was a 6.8 % decrease in oven-dry foliage biomass for the optimal magnetized seed and structured water treatment when compared with the control treatment. However, the tradeoff in reduced biomass was compensated with a 41% savings in water usage, 25% reduction in Pn, 34% reduction in stomatal conductance, and a 7% reduction in internal carbon dioxide under the low soil moisture level for the optimal magnetized seed and structured water treatment. The combined seed and water treatments fundamentally alter drought adaptation plant responses to water stress conditions which resulted in a significant reduction in irrigation water usage. The interactions between magnetized seed treatments and structured water treatments on plant stress physiology need to be further investigated to confirm these water conservation findings. Structured water generators should be evaluated for physicochemical water properties and stability of water in soil and plant matrices.

The Ways of Gastronomic Discourse Translation (On the Example of Culinary Recipes)

This article is devoted to the peculiarities of the culinary recipes translation using the recipes of Jamie Oliver’s. Gastronomic discourse is a reflection of the fundamental physiological need of a person, while language serves to realize the national-specific characteristics of the people. Within this article, methods of transferring culinary recipes from English into Russian are considered, as well as the translation transformations that the translator uses when translating. Considerable attention is paid to specific examples and identification of their translation specifics.

Sleep Disorders in General Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study in 253 Patients Hospitalized In Different Medical and Surgical Services

Introduction: Sleep is a fundamental physiological need. It is important to understand the prevalence of sleep disorders, especially in patients with a somatic disease. Method: The study had as scope patients admitted to the medical and surgical services of general hospital, during a period of one month. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach, based on a semi-structured, concise, and clear questionnaire. Results: The main aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of sleep disorders and their management by somantician doctors in the Moulay Ismail military hospital. This present study has 2 important results; the first one, sleep disorders are common in patients with somatic pathology. The second one, and against the recognition and management of these disorders by health professionals is rare. Conclusion: It is essential to alert both public and health practitioners to this subject through public education campaigns creating awareness of the consequences of sleep disorders but also through adequate training of physicians for a better screening and treatments of insomnia problems.