Physiological Indicators Research Articles

Integrated PacBio SMRT and Illumina sequencing uncovers transcriptional and physiological responses to drought stress in whole-plant Nitraria tangutorum.

Nitraria tangutorum Bobr., a prominent xerophytic shrub, exhibits remarkable adaptability to harsh environment and plays a significant part in preventing desertification in northwest China owing to its exceptional drought and salinity tolerance. To investigate the drought-resistant mechanism underlying N. tangutorum, we treated 8-week-old seedlings with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000 (20%, m/m) to induce drought stress. 27 samples from different tissues (leaves, roots and stems) of N. tangutorum at 0, 6 and 24h after drought stress treatment were sequenced using PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and Illumina RNA sequencing to obtain a comprehensive transcriptome. The PacBio SMRT sequencing generated 44,829 non-redundant transcripts and provided valuable reference gene information. In leaves, roots and stems, we identified 1162, 2024 and 232 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that plant hormone signaling and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade played a pivotal role in transmitting stress signals throughout the whole N. tangutorum plant following drought stress. The interconversion of starch and sucrose, as well as the biosynthesis of amino acid and lignin, may represent adaptive strategies employed by N. tangutorum to effectively cope with drought. Transcription factor analysis showed that AP2/ERF-ERF, WRKY, bHLH, NAC and MYB families were mainly involved in the regulation of drought response genes. Furthermore, eight physiological indexes, including content of proline, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), total amino acid and soluble sugar, and activities of three antioxidant enzymes were all investigate after PEG treatment, elucidating the drought tolerance mechanism from physiological perspective. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified several hub genes serve as key regulator in response to drought through hormone participation, ROS cleavage, glycolysis, TF regulation in N. tangutorum. These findings enlarge genomic resources and facilitate research in the discovery of novel genes research in N. tangutorum, thereby establishing a foundation for investigating the drought resistance mechanism of xerophyte.

Acute Effects Of Using Mask During Exercise On Physiological Indices

Acute Effects Of Using Mask During Exercise On Physiological Indices

Investigating the Effect of a Multicomponent Exercise Program on Adropin, Endothelial Function, Insulin Resistance, and Sleep Quality in Overweight Older Adults (a Link With Physiological Indexes and Sleep Quality): Results of a Randomized Controlled Study.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of multicomponent training on adropin, endothelial function, insulin resistance, and sleep quality in overweight older adults. In this randomized controlled study, 40 overweight older adults were randomly divided into training and control groups. The multicomponent training program including aerobic, resistance, and balance exercise was followed for 8weeks, 3days a week. Study variables were measured 48hr before and after the intervention. After 8weeks of multicomponent training, adropin (p = .01), nitric oxide (p = .01), and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max; p = .002) increased, and glucose (p = .001), insulin (p = .001), insulin resistance (p = .01), systolic blood pressure (p = .01), and sleep disorders (p = .01) decreased significantly. Also, Pearson's test results showed a significant inverse relationship between adropin level (p = .01 and r = -.55) and glucose (p = .01 and r = -.51) with sleep disorders. It seems that multicomponent training increases adropin and improves insulin resistance, endothelial function, and sleep quality in older adults.

Thermal radiation imaging technology and sensor assisted calculation of sports training technology simulation

With the development of sports training science and technology, the real-time monitoring of athletes’ physical condition and training effect is becoming more and more important. As a non-contact measurement method, thermal radiation imaging technology can capture the changes of athletes’ body surface temperature efficiently and in real time, and provide relevant information about physiological state and performance indicators. This paper discusses the application of thermal radiation imaging technology in sports training to help measure athletes’ physical state and training effect, so as to provide scientific basis for improving training efficiency and reducing sports injuries. In this paper, the high resolution thermal imaging equipment is used to systematically analyze the thermal radiation imaging of athletes, and the physiological index monitoring and data processing technology are combined to dynamically observe the temperature distribution and change characteristics of athletes under different training states. Through comparative analysis, the correlation between the data provided by thermal radiation imaging technology in the training process and the traditional physiological indicators was evaluated. The results show that thermal radiation imaging technology can effectively reflect the heat distribution and local body temperature changes of athletes during training. Compared to traditional physiological feedback data, the technology has significant advantages in quickly identifying excessive fatigue and potential injuries in athletes, especially during high-intensity training, and can provide early warning of associated risks. The application of sensor-assisted measurement system will further enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of sports scientific research and provide important support for athletes’ scientific training and health management.

Exploring the physiological response differences of β-caryophyllene, linalool and citral inhalation and their anxiolytic potential

Essential oils with β-caryophyllene, citral, and linalool as key compounds often exhibit some anti-anxiety like effects in aromatherapy. However, evidence of the effect of these three compounds through human inhalation remains limited. It is worth exploring their potential anxiolytic effect through the olfactory pathway, and finding out whether the three compounds lead to different physiological responses. A total of 48 subjects were randomly assigned to three odor (β-caryophyllene, citral, and linalool) inhalation groups and one control (odorless jojoba oil) group. Stress stimulation was induced using n-back and mental arithmetic tasks. The odor was administered before the task test session. Assessments including the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), electroencephalogram (EEG) activities, facial expressions, several physiological indicators, and a self-report scale of subjective perception of the odor environments were carried out. The changes before and after inhalation, as well as the inter-group differences, were analyzed. Both β-caryophyllene and citral inhalation led to a significant decrease in anxiety levels, while only β-caryophyllene resulted in a notable reduction across both sub-scales of STAI. Following the odor inhalation, heart rate significantly decreased in all three groups, with the β-caryophyllene group exhibiting the most pronounced decline. While the systolic blood pressure of the linalool group demonstrated a statistically significant difference. Regarding facial expressions, β-caryophyllene significantly increased the ratio of 'Happiness' and decreased the ratio of ‘Fear'. In the non-task state, citral reduced the power of frontal alpha, delta, and theta waves while β-caryophyllene had a similar effect. All odor inhalation groups showed increased delta and theta waves after the task compared with the control group, with the β-caryophyllene group having notably lower frontal beta waves. β-Caryophyllene and citral exhibited good anti-anxiety effects. Subjects receiving different odors showed different EEG and physiological responses, indicating the differences in emotional regulation ways among the three compounds.

Time and Environmental Conditions for Heat Stress Recovery Based on Human Physiological Responses: Developing a Predictive Model

Breaks can protect workers exposed to high temperatures from heat stress and other health risks. However, the most suitable recovery conditions and how the body physiologically responds to them remain uncertain. The aim of this study was to provide scientific evidence of the human physiological response to step changes in environmental parameters through climate chamber experiments and to develop a predictive model. Volunteer subjects experienced 60 min of walking exercise in air temperatures of 32 and 36 °C, RH 60%, and an air velocity of 0.2 m/s to form two heat stress levels, and then moved into a resting space under designated environmental conditions, such as a standard effective temperature (SET) range of 15.6–26.0 °C. The results showed that the recovery time for physiological parameters decreased with decreasing SET, accompanied by a simultaneous increase in thermal discomfort rate. Correlation analysis suggested that recovery time was related to the physiological stress index at the beginning of the recovery phase (PSI0; r = 0.86) and the SET (r = 0.75) of the recovery environment. A predictive model of heat stress recovery time was developed based on PSI0 and SET, with a determination coefficient of 0.9. According to the model, a SET of 18.8–24.9°C was suitable for people with high heat stress requiring full recovery in 15–30 min. The research findings contribute to the regulation of health and safety in high-temperature working environments and the operation of restroom environmental conditions.

Influence of briquettes and nano urea formulations on growth, yield and physiological growth indices of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata L.)

Influence of briquettes and nano urea formulations on growth, yield and physiological growth indices of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata L.)

Early prediction of maize resistance to nicosulfuron using hyperspectral imaging and deep learning: Method and mechanism

Inappropriate use of herbicides in agricultural fields can result in significant phytotoxic effects on maize, adversely affecting both yield and quality. The development of herbicide-resistant maize varieties is a crucial strategy for managing herbicide-related challenges in agriculture. However, traditional methods for screening resistant strains are often time-consuming and inefficient, presenting several limitations. Consequently, there is a pressing need for a rapid and precise methodology to evaluate herbicide resistance in maize. This study involved a field trial to evaluate herbicide resistance in maize, utilizing two resistant and two sensitive varieties. We developed an ATT-RES model using hyperspectral data from maize leaves subjected to herbicide stress to predict resistance. The model’s accuracy and generalizability were confirmed by integrating datasets across different years, planting seasons, and varieties. Additionally, this study examined the correlation between leaf spectra and corresponding physiological and biochemical indicators under herbicide stress by constructing a regression model and investigated the mechanisms through which spectra can predict herbicide resistance in maize. The findings indicate that on the fourth day after herbicide treatment, the model’s predictive accuracy exceeded 90 %. The accuracy peaked on the seventh day, achieving up to 95 %. The ATT-RES-based transfer model attained prediction accuracy of 93.55 %, 90.63 %, and 95.86 % across various years, varieties, and seasons, respectively. The results presented here offer significant advantages over traditional models such as Support Vector Machines (SVM), Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP), and AlexNet. Furthermore, we employed Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) to analyze the relationship between leaf physiological-biochemical parameters and spectral data. The analysis revealed significant correlations between the spectra and key biochemical markers: glutathione (GSH, Rp2 = 0.59), malondialdehyde (MDA, Rp2 = 0.48), chlorophyll content (SPAD, Rp2 = 0.82), and water content (WC, Rp2 = 0.71). The prediction of resistance was primarily influenced by variations in leaf SPAD and WC, but also showed correlations with GSH and MDA levels in the leaves. This study contributes valuable theoretical and technological insights that facilitate early and precise prediction of herbicide resistance in maize. The advancements demonstrated in this research hold significant potential for improving crop management and reducing the adverse impacts of herbicides on the environment.

Quantitative flow ratio will supplant wire-based physiological indices: pros and cons.

Quantitative flow ratio will supplant wire-based physiological indices: pros and cons.

Integrated physiological and transcriptome analyses of the effects of water-soluble amino acid fertilizer on plant growth

Tobacco is a key component of China’s economy, serving as a major cash crop. With traditional fertilizers reaching their maximum potential in promoting tobacco growth, the exploration of new fertilizers has emerged as a viable solution for advancing experimental sustainable development. Spraying foliar fertilizer is a key measure to improve tobacco yield and quality. This study employed a combination of field and pot experiments to investigate the effects of applying water-soluble amino acid fertilizers on the growth, development, and quality of tobacco. The results of transcriptome analysis and physiological index measurements indicate that the application of water-soluble amino acid fertilizer can enhance the area of tobacco leaves, promote photosynthesis, and improve the chemical composition of the leaves. This research determined that the optimal concentration for spraying water-soluble amino acid fertilizer is diluted 500 times. Transcriptome analysis identified a total of 6,489 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 3,843 genes that were up-regulated and 2,646 genes that were down-regulated. Gene Ontology (GO)analysis demonstrated that these DEGs were significantlyassociatedwithprocessesincludingcell recognition, photosynthesis,thylakoidcomponents, calcium ion binding, and carbohydrate binding.Additionally, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis emphasized that the DEGs were largely found in pathwaysrelated tophotosynthesis-antenna proteins, interactions between plants and pathogens, photosynthesisitself, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, andplant hormone signaling. Further research revealed that a significant number of genes involved in the auxin, gibberellin, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid signal transduction pathways exhibited varying expression patterns following the application of water-soluble amino acid fertilizers.Additionally, the expression levels of bZIP, MYB, WRKY, bHLH, and AP2/ERF transcription factors exhibited significant variations following the application of water-soluble amino acid fertilizer. These results analyze the mechanisms of action of water-soluble amino acid fertilizers, offering new effective strategies to enhance both the yield and quality of tobacco.

Kaempferol Extends Male Lifespan Under Blue Light Irradiation in Drosophila.

Short-wavelength blue light is ubiquitous in daily life and has a lasting destructive influence. Its potential harm to biological health is significant. This study used Drosophila as a model organism to investigate the protective effects of kaempferol, a flavonoid, against the toxicity of blue light. It also examined its physiological effects on Drosophila under blue light irradiation. In this experiment, fruit flies were fed with three different concentrations of kaempferol solutions (0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 mol/L) dissolved in food. The survival rate and physiological indexes of Drosophila were investigated under blue light irradiation of 2500 lux. The results showed that 0.1 mol/L kaempferol increased the activity of male flies during the day and significantly extended the male survival time under blue light irradiation. However, the study found that kaempferol did not significantly prolong the survival time of Drosophila in the oxidative stress experiment, and no significant difference was observed in the feeding experiment. In summary, our research found that kaempferol, at the concentration of 0.1 mol/L, has a protective effect on Drosophila under blue light irradiation, potentially achieved through alterations in circadian rhythm.

Lack variation of low slow-wave activity over time in the frontal region in NREM sleep may be associated with dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease.

Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (DYS) adversely affects the quality of life of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. However, few studies have focused on the relationship between DYS and sleep and electroencephalography (EEG). Our study aimed to establish the objective physiological indicators assessed by polysomnography (PSG) that are associated with DYS in PD patients. We enrolled 122 patients with PD, divided into two groups: PD with DYS (n = 27) and PD without DYS group (non-DYS, n = 95). The demographics and clinical characteristics and sleep assessment in the two groups were collected. More importantly, overnight six-channel PSG parameters were compared in the two groups. We also compared different bands and brain regions of average power spectral density within each group. Compared with the non-DYS group, the DYS group tended to have a significantly higher percentage of nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREM). Gender, levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD), rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (min), and the NREM percentage were positively correlated with the occurrence of DYS. After adjusting for gender, disease duration, LEDD, taking amantadine or not, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), NREM%, N3%, and REM (min), the percentage of NREM sleep (p = 0.035), female (p = 0.002), and LEDD (p = 0.005), and REM sleep time (min) (p = 0.012) were still associated with DYS. There was no significant difference in whole-night different bands of average power spectral density between two groups. There was no significant difference in normalized average power spectral density of slow wave activity (SWA) (0.5-2 Hz, 0.5-4 Hz, and 2-4 Hz) of early and late NREM sleep in the DYS group. Dynamic normalized average power spectral density of SWA of low-frequency (0.5-2 Hz) reduction in the frontal region (p = 0.013) was associated with DYS in logistic regression after adjusting for confounding factors. PD patients with DYS have substantial sleep structure variations. Higher NREM percentage and less REM percentage were observed in PD patients with DYS. Dynamic normalized average power spectral density of low-frequency (0.5-2 Hz) SWA reduction in the frontal area could be a new electrophysiological marker of DYS in PD.

A Physiological Study of the Effect of Bee Pollen on Albino Rats Induced Hypothyroidism

The current study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic role of bee pollen (BP) in reducing the harmful effects resulting from hypothyroidism compared to the drug thyroxine on some physiological indicators and improving their levels, which included weight gain (gm), hormone level (T3, T4, TSH), level TPO, cholesterol levels, HDL, LDL, VLDL, and liver enzymes ALT, AST, Hypothyroidism was induced in (24) male rats using the drug carbimazole (CBZ) Which lasted for (15) days at 30 mg/kg of body weight. A random sample was chosen to confirm the occurrence of hypothyroidism, as the results of examining blood samples that were drawn from the animals showed a high concentration of the TSH hormone and Low concentrations of thyroid hormones in the serum compared to the negative control., and this indicates the occurrence of hypothyroidism. Then the animals in which hypothyroidism was induced were separated into 3 experimental collections in addition to the control group and a fifth group. Each group consists of (8) animals. The dosing period lasted thirty days orally. The negative control group, G1, was provided with a diet and water freely. G2 was continued to be dosed with the drug (CBZ) at a concentration of 30 mg/kg of body weight. G3 was continued to be dosed with the drug (CBZ) at a concentration of 30 mg/kg and solution (BP). At a concentration of 200 mg/kg body weight, G4 was dosed with levothyroxine at a concentration of 20 mg/kg body weight, while G5 was dosed with BP solution only at a concentration of 200 mg/kg body weight. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and blood samples were obtained. The results were less than 0.05 in group G2 in body weight, the concentration of thyroid hormones T3 and T4, and the concentration of TPO and HDL, and a significant increase (P<0.05) in the concentration of TSH, Cholesterol, LDL, and VLDL, respectively, with an increase in the concentration of liver enzymes. AST and ALT compared to the control group. As for the G3 and G4 groups, the result appeared an original increase a total body weight and the concentration of the hormones T3, T4, and the TPO enzyme, a noticeable improvement in the lipid profile, and a low level of the ALT enzyme and the and thyroid-stimulating hormone compared to the G2 group. As for the group G5 has witnessed an increase in T4 concentration and a decrease in ALT concentration and body weight, and the concentrations of T3, TSH, and TPO are closer to control. We conclude from the current study that BP has a role in reducing the effects of hypothyroidism, increasing weight gain, and improving the lipid profile and the level of ALT liver enzymes. AST and Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) level.

Growth Characterization of Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) under Salinity and Drought Stresses at the Seedling Stage

This study aimed to assess the combined effects of salinity and drought stresses on the growth and physiology of sugarcane. The pot experiment was carried out in the Autumn cropping season of 2021 under the polyhouse conditions at the Vietnam National University of Agriculture. The experiment consisted of four treatments: non-stress treatment (control), drought stress, salt stress, and salt and drought stress (combined stress). Five weeks after transplanting, salt stress was applied first for four weeks and followed by drought stress for another two weeks. The results showed that under the impact of stresses, sugarcane growth was inhibited with decreases in plant height, number of leaves, Fv/Fm, SPAD, and the fresh and dry weights of roots and stems. The growth and physiology indicators were the lowest under the combined effects of salinity and drought stress.

Effects of 60Coγ-irradiation combined with sodium dehydrogenate on post-harvest preservation and physiological indices of Volvariella volvacea.

Volvariella volvacea is a mushroom known for its high palatability and nutritional value. However, it is susceptible to spoilage thus making it challenging to preserve and keep fresh after harvest, resulting in constraints in long-distance transportation and long-term storage. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using irradiation and sodium dehydrogenate (SD) as a preservative in the preservation process of V. volvacea. The effects of three treatments of 0.8 kGy 60Coγ irradiation (B), 0.04% SD (C), combined with 0.04% SD and 0.8 kGy 60Coγ irradiation (A) on the postharvest freshness of V. volvacea were investigated. The assessment indices for V. volvacea, including appearance, browning rate, weight loss, respiration rate, MDA content, antioxidant enzyme activities, vitamin C (Vc), and soluble protein content, were measured and compared. The three treatments were compared to determine the changes in storage time over 7 days post-harvest. The results demonstrated that the hardness of the fruiting body exhibited a significant increase of 81.19%, 97.96% and 168.81% in comparison to the control, B and C, respectively, following the application of the treatment A. Compared to the control group, the soluble protein content was significantly increased by 20.28%. Respiration intensity and browning rate were significantly lower in the control treatment, decreasing by 35.07% and 45.49% respectively. On the 6th day of storage, the activities of SOD and POD increased by 81.06% and 73.71%, respectively, compared to the control, which significantly delayed the senescence of the fruiting bodies. The Vc content was significantly increased by 50.27%, 133.90%, and 101.39% in treatment B, which received 0.8 kGy 60Coγ irradiation alone, compared to the control, treatment A, and treatment C, respectively. The treatment C alone significantly reduced respiratory intensity and MDA variables by 39.55% and 31.01%, respectively, compared to the control. The findings can provide theoretical references and technical support for extending the preservation period of V. volvacea after harvesting by using irradiation and sodium dehydrogenate as a preservative.

Novel Insight into the Prevention and Therapeutic Treatment of Paulownia Witches’ Broom: A Study on the Effect of Salicylic Acid on Disease Control and the Changes in the Paulownia Transcriptome and Proteome

Paulownia species not only have significant economic benefits but also show great potential in ecological conservation. However, they are highly susceptible to phytoplasma infections, causing Paulownia witches’ broom (PaWB), which severely restricts the development of the Paulownia industry. Salicylic acid (SA) plays a crucial role in plant disease resistance. However, there have been no reports on the effect of SA on PaWB. Due to the properties of SA, it may have potential in controlling PaWB. Based on the above speculation, the prevention and therapeutic effect of SA on PaWB and its effect on the PaWB-infected Paulownia transcriptome and proteome were studied in this work. The results indicated that 0.1 mmol/L was the optimal SA concentration for inhibiting the germination of Paulownia axillary buds. In terms of resistance physiological indicators, SA treatment significantly affected both Paulownia tomentosa infected (PTI) seedlings and Paulownia fortunei infected (PFI) seedlings, where the activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were enhanced. Malondialdehyde (MDA), O2−, and H2O2, however, were significantly reduced. Specifically, after SA treatment, SOD activity increased by 28% in PFI and 25% in PTI, and POD activity significantly increased by 61% in PFI and 58% in PTI. Moreover, the MDA content decreased by 30% in PFI and 23% in PTI, the H2O2 content decreased by 26% in PFI and 19% in PTI, and the O2− content decreased by 21% in PFI and 19% in PTI. Transcriptomic analysis showed that there were significant upregulations of MYB, NAC, and bHLH and other transcription factors after SA treatment. Moreover, genes involved in PaWB-related defense responses such as RAX2 also showed significant differences. Furthermore, proteomic analysis indicated that after SA treatment, proteins involved in signal transduction, protein synthesis modification, and disease defense were differentially expressed. This work provides a research foundation for the prevention and treatment of PaWB and offers references for exploring anti-PaWB methods.

Assessment of fish health status for waterless transportation based on image features and deep learning models

In the current aquaculture industry, the detection of physiological stress indicators in fish during waterless transportation is considered to be an effective method to monitor their health status. However, commonly used detection methods are invasive and interfere with the accuracy of detection results. In order to solve this problem, this study takes grouper as an example, combines multi-sensor physiological stress indicators monitoring, and designs a health status assessment and classification model based on image features and deep learning models, which inputs real-time fish image feature information data acquired during low-temperature waterless transportation into the optimised CNN-BiGRU classification model based on whale optimisation algorithm (WOA) proposed in this study, so as to achieve an accurate assessment of the health status of the fish. By inputting the image feature datasets based on time series and classified into the WOA-CNN-BiGRU, BiGRU, and GRU classification models for training, validation, and testing, respectively, the effectiveness of the classification performance of the models was verified by using accuracy, precision, recall and F1-value composite scores as the metrics. It was found that the WOA-CNN-BiGRU model had excellent classification performance, followed by the BiGRU and GRU models, especially in classifying the health status assessment of small size grouper. This study proposes an efficient and inexpensive method for real-time monitoring and accurate assessment of the health status of fish during waterless transportation, and also provides a reference for vigour monitoring and health assessment of other similar aquatic products.

The effect of third intensity zone exercises by varying the muscle elongation of the muscles of the dominant arm and the supporting leg on some physiological indicators and the performance of pushing the weight

The research aimed to prepare exercises for the third intensity area with the variation of muscle elongation of the prevailing arm muscles and the supporting leg of the weight push players, and to identify the effect of the exercises of the third intensity area by contrasting the muscle elongation of the dominant arm muscles and the supporting leg in some physiological indicators and the achievement of weight pushing, and the researcher assumed that there are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests for the top and the time of the signal (EMG) for each of the dominant arm muscles and the supporting leg (brachial, radial brachial of the dominant arm, and rectilinear femurs). anterior, and twin leg) at the moment of the start of the rotation phase to push the weight of the players of the experimental group, and there are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests to accomplish the weight push distance for the players of the experimental group, the experimental research approach was adopted by designing one experimental group with tight control of the pre- and post-tests, The limits of the research community were represented by the young players in the hammer throwing event in the Etisalat Club, who numbered (9) players for the sports season (2023/2024), all of whom were deliberately selected for the research sample by (100%) from their original community in a comprehensive inventory method to represent the experimental research group, and to measure the electrical indicators of both the dominant arm muscles and the supporting leg (brachial, radial brachial of the dominant arm, anterior femoral rectum, and leg twin) The moment the rotation phase begins to push the weight The researcher adopted the (EMG) device and to measure the achievement the test was adopted Completion of the hammer throwing event in accordance with the conditions of competition in the international law of the Athletics Federation according to its international bulletin for the year (2018), and the exercises were prepared and applied with a field experiment that began with the application of the pre-tests on (16/11/2023), and then the application of these exercises for the period from (19/11/2023) to (11/1/2024), and the completion of the experiment by applying the post-tests on (14/1/2024), then the results were processed with the (SPSS) system. Extracts and applications are formed by the fact that the third severity area exercises help with the contrast of the muscular elongation of the prevailing arm muscles and the supporting man in increasing the summit of the EMG sign and reducing its time for both the prevailing arm muscles and the supporting man (the humerus, and the Hebrew muscles of the prevailing arm, the front thighs, and the twins of the leg) in the players The moment of the start of the rotation stage to push the weight, and helps in the development of the distance of the completion of the heavy -paying the players, and it is necessary to pay attention to the coaches of the heaviness in the physiological measurement by measuring the (EMG) signals for the prevailing arm muscles and the man who supported the players to pay the weight and plan and apply the exercises according to the physiological characteristics by adopting the results of this measurement, It is necessary not to exaggerate the training loads or how much muscular elongation resistors to reduce the problem of decreasing the speed of muscle rubble in the event of an increase in the amount of these resistors.

Behavioral Characteristics and Related Physiological and Ecological Indexes of Cultured Scallops (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) in Response to Predation by the Crab Charybdis japonica

To investigate the effects of predation by the paddle crab Charybdis japonica on the culture and survival of scallops (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) during bottom culture, we investigated the behavioral characteristics of three sizes (small, medium, and large) of scallops in response to exposure to crabs. We found that scallops escaped from crab predation by continuous shell closure or movement. Shell closure force increased with scallop size, and scallops of the same size that were stimulated by the presence of crabs closed their shell more frequently than control scallops. We also measured the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, arginine kinase, and octopine dehydrogenase in the gill, adductor muscle, and mantle of scallops before and after exposure to predation. Tissues that showed significant differences between control and test specimens were selected for deep sequencing of the transcriptome to identify and validate the key genes that were sensitive to predation. We found that when M. yessoensis is stimulated by the presence of predators, its behavioral characteristics and related physiological and ecological indexes undergo significant changes. The results are relevant for developing specifications for M. yessoensis seedling casting during bottom culture.

Development of Comorbid Alcohol Use and Depressive Symptoms During Late Adolescence: Examining the Roles of Emotion Regulation and Gender Differences.

Depression and alcohol use are highly comorbid, and often emerge during adolescence. Depressive symptoms may precede alcohol use, via the self-medication pathway, or alcohol use may precede depressive symptoms, via the alcohol induced disruption pathway. Yet little is known about other risks for developing comorbidity via either path. The present study hypothesized that poor cognitive and physiological emotion regulation (ER) are risk factors implicated in the development of comorbid depression and alcohol use during late adolescence. Participants were 229 (113 girls) Mexican-origin youth who reported on depressive symptoms and alcohol use at ages 17 (Time 1) and 19years (Time 2). At age 17, cognitive reappraisal (CR), an adaptive ER strategy, and baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a physiological index of ER capacity, were assessed. CR, RSA and gender were examined as predictors and moderators of the developing comorbidity of alcohol use and depression in cross-lagged panel models. Lower use of CR was concurrently associated with more depressive symptoms at age 17 and predicted greater depression at age 19. Age 17 alcohol use predicted age 19 depressive symptoms for boys. Lower RSA at age 17 also predicted more depressive symptoms at age 19 for boys. Neither CR nor RSA moderated the predicted relations between depression and alcohol use. Findings supported the alcohol induced disruption model of comorbidity for boys, and showed that poor cognitive and physiological ER increased risk for exacerbating depressive symptoms in late adolescence.