Physiological Cues Research Articles

MS-FTSCNN: An EEG emotion recognition method from the combination of multi-domain features

Electroencephalography (EEG), as a physiological cue, is more objective and reliable in identifying emotions than non-physiological cues. Previous methods only consider one or two relationships among frequency, time and spatial domain features of EEG signals, and the designed models may still be relatively large in terms of parameters. Meanwhile, the training process of the previous networks is troublesome during algorithm optimization. To address these challenges, we design a simple and efficient feature preprocessing method to obtain a 3D feature structure that contains EEG signal information in the frequency, time and spatial domains simultaneously. Then, we propose a multiscale frequency–time–spatial convolutional model, MS-FTSCNN, which is able to capture frequency, time and spatial features from the input signals and fuse three features more efficiently. Moreover, the multi-scale one-dimensional convolutional kernel in our method can reduce network parameters, providing possibilities for real-time online applications. Finally, the recognition accuracies of arousal and valence of our proposed model are 93.82%, 94.48% on DEAP dataset and 92.64%, 92.15% on MOHNOB-HCI dataset, which is higher than most existing methods.

From Static to Dynamic: Smart Materials Pioneering Additive Manufacturing in Regenerative Medicine.

The emerging field of regenerative medicine holds immense promise for addressing complex tissue and organ regeneration challenges. Central to its advancement is the evolution of additive manufacturing techniques, which have transcended static constructs to embrace dynamic, biomimetic solutions. This manuscript explores the pivotal role of smart materials in this transformative journey, where materials are endowed with dynamic responsiveness to biological cues and environmental changes. By delving into the innovative integration of smart materials, such as shape memory polymers and stimulus-responsive hydrogels, into additive manufacturing processes, this research illuminates the potential to engineer tissue constructs with unparalleled biomimicry. From dynamically adapting scaffolds that mimic the mechanical behavior of native tissues to drug delivery systems that respond to physiological cues, the convergence of smart materials and additive manufacturing heralds a new era in regenerative medicine. This manuscript presents an insightful overview of recent advancements, challenges, and future prospects, underscoring the pivotal role of smart materials as pioneers in shaping the dynamic landscape of regenerative medicine and heralding a future where tissue engineering is propelled beyond static constructs towards biomimetic, responsive, and regenerative solutions.

Pain assessment & management decision-making in pediatric critical care

PurposeThe aim of this study was to explore how nurses in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) reach their pain management decisions in children who are mechanically ventilated and chemically paralyzed. Design and methodsA qualitative descriptive design was used following a quantitative phase of a multi-method study. Eighteen PICU nurses participated in semi-structured interviews aiming at understanding how they assess pain and make management decisions. Content analysis was used to guide coding and generate themes. ResultsThree major themes were identified: 1) Assessment or cues that nurses use to trigger a pain assessment; 2) Mental models or patterns that nurses create to interpret cues to guide decision-making; 3) External factors that inhibit or facilitate decision-making. Overall, nurses rely on physiological cues to assess pain. From there, a large amount of variation exists on how nurses interpret those cues to make their pain management decision. External factors such as unit culture, perceived barriers and facilitators, and the nurse's experiences impacted how decisions are made. ConclusionsVariation exists in the mental models' nurses create to make their pain management decision in this population. Nurses reported confusion on pain and sedation scale selection and various documentation practices for pain assessment. “Assume pain present” was identified as a concept and documentation practice that may guide decisions; further research is needed. Practice implicationsDevelopment of clinician decision support tools that not only aid their understanding of reliable pain cues but also help create clear documentation practices may help nurses make pain management decisions.

Reactive oxygen species drive foraging decisions in Caenorhabditis elegans

Environmental surveillance-mediated behavior integrates multiple cues through complex signaling mechanisms. In Caenorhabditis elegans, neurons coordinate perception and response through evolutionarily conserved molecular signaling cascades to mediate attraction and avoidance behaviors. However, despite lacking eyes, C. elegans was recently reported to perceive and react to the color blue. Here, we provide an explanation for this apparent color perception. We show that internally-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurring in response to light are additive to exogenous sources of ROS, such as bacterial toxins or photosensitizers. Multiple sub-threshold sources of ROS are integrated to coordinate behavioral responses to the environment with internal physiologic cues, independent of color. We further demonstrate that avoidance behavior can be blocked by antioxidants, while ROS is both sufficient and scalable to phenocopy the avoidance response. Moreover, avoidance behavior in response to ROS is plastic and reversible, suggesting it may occur through a post-translation redox modification. Blue light affects C. elegans behavior through ROS generation by endogenous flavins in a process requiring the neuronal gustatory photoreceptor like protein, LITE-1. Our results demonstrate that LITE-1 is also required for ROS-mediated avoidance of pyocyanin and light-activated photosensitizers and this role is mediated through the modification of Cys44. Overall, these findings demonstrate that ROS and LITE-1 are central mediators of C. elegans foraging behavior through integration of multiple inputs, including light.

SAT599 Molecular Analysis Of Pituitary Transdifferentiation In Response To Physiological Cues

Abstract Disclosure: J. Lim: None. In mammals, the control of cell fate is imperative to the development of multicellular organisms as well as tissue homeostasis/regeneration in the adult. The anterior pituitary (AP) controls growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress responses through the synthesis and secretion of specific hormones by distinct AP cell lineages. Interestingly, the anterior pituitary exhibits a high level of adult cell plasticity that allows committed hormone-producing cells to alter their cell fate and produce different hormones to meet altered organismal demands. The molecular mechanisms underlying this adult cell plasticity have not been fully characterized. To investigate the mechanism(s) of pituitary cell transdifferentiation, our lab has employed a rat GH3 cell culture model that undergoes somatotrope to lactotrope conversion in response to a cocktail of 3 growth factors (EGF, estradiol and insulin). Upon stimulation of lactotrope transdifferentiation, we confirmed a significant reduction of Growth hormone (Gh1) and reciprocal elevation of Prolactin (Prl) protein and transcript levels in the treated group compared to untreated controls. Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses from the same samples detected upregulation of 124 proteins and 553 transcripts and downregulation of 28 proteins and 556 transcripts respectively. Gene ontology analyses identified a number of upregulated proteins involved in autophagy (e.g. autolysosome), MTORC1 signaling, and a number of upregulated transcripts involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. A number of the upregulated proteins and transcripts are involved in Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metabolic change (i.e. glycolysis, hypoxia), while downregulated transcripts involved in neurogenesis (i.e. Notch1, Notch2, Sox2, Sox5). Further, differential expression analyses comparing the proteomic and transcriptomic levels of the treated vs. control GH3 cells identified a number of upregulated proteins with no change in their corresponding transcripts related to MTORC1 signaling and glycolysis as well as a number of unchanged proteins with corresponding upregulated transcripts involved in mitochondrial activity suggesting a broad role for post-transcriptional regulation during transdifferentiation. In a complementary in vivo study, we assessed pituitary cell fate changes in response to hypothyroidism, using a similar integrated proteogenomic profiling. Together, we identify a number of altered molecular pathways that underlie distinct pituitary cell plasticity responses to physiological cues. Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023

“I enjoy the good foods, all of which are not good for me.” The categorization and moralization of food

Intuitive eating emphasizes eating in response to physiological cues of hunger and satiety and is associated with multiple positive health outcomes. Unconditional permission to eat (UPE), a domain of intuitive eating, encourages removing food classifications and permission to eat all foods. However, the categorization of food is described as a method to simplify decision making and moralization of foods can help prioritize food items in consumption. Thus, we were interested in understanding how foods are labeled and applied, the moralization of foods, and how individuals with low UPE labeled and moralize foods. Using Prolific Academic, we recruited 49 adults 18 years and older living in the United States to complete an online survey and interview. The survey assessed intuitive eating (IES-2) and the interview explored what and how participants eat and their thoughts and feelings about their body. Participants frequently used multiple labels when talking about foods. Healthy and unhealthy were common and offered a rationale for consumption, emotions were used to label foods, and taste and cost were important to food choice. Participants frequently moralized foods, although three participants explicitly stated they choose not to moralize foods. Individuals reporting low UPE described the importance of restriction and were following strict dietary recommendations. While labeling foods has been proposed to simplify decision-making, the use of labels is highly nuanced and thus understanding the connections between how foods are labeled and behaviors may be highly complex. We suggest future research explore how the categorization and moralization of food are associated with health behaviors and outcomes, how differing definitions of “healthy/unhealthy” foods are associated with behaviors, and the impacts of food insecurity and chronic disease management on food categorization and moralization.

Enhanced selective capture of phosphomonoester lipids enabling highly sensitive detection of sphingosine 1-phosphate

Sphingolipids play crucial roles in cellular membranes, myelin stability, and signalling responses to physiological cues and stress. Among them, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) has been recognized as a relevant biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases, and its analogue FTY-720 has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. Focusing on these targets, we here report three novel polymeric capture phases for the selective extraction of the natural biomarker and its analogue drug. To enhance analytical performance, we employed different synthetic approaches using a cationic monomer and a hydrophobic copolymer of styrene-DVB. Results have demonstrated high affinity of the sorbents towards S1P and fingolimod phosphate (FTY-720-P, FP). This evidence proved that lipids containing phosphate diester moiety in their structures did not constitute obstacles for the interaction of phosphate monoester lipids when loaded into an SPE cartridge. Our suggested approach offers a valuable tool for developing efficient analytical procedures.Graphical

Prospective network of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms across adolescent survivors with distinct trajectories of PTSD: A cohort study of the Wenchuan earthquake

There are multiple trajectories of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following disasters. Unraveling the patterns of interactions between PTSD symptoms across distinct PTSD trajectories is crucial. This study was aimed at investigating the temporal sequences, changes, and predictive symptoms in PTSD networks over time across distinct PTSD trajectory groups. Data were exacted from the Wenchuan Earthquake Adolescent Health Cohort (WEAHC) study. The current study included 1022 adolescents (424 males) who participated in follow-up surveys at 12 months and 24 months post-earthquake. Self-reported PTSD symptoms were assessed with the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Self-Rating Scale. The between-person network revealed significant differences across distinct trajectories. In the chronic dysfunction group, “Intrusive thoughts” had the strongest value in predicting on other PTSD symptoms. In contrast, “Difficulty in study or work” in the recovery group and “Physiological cue reactivity” in the resistance group were highly associated with the remission of other PTSD symptoms. These findings underscore the importance of "Difficulty in study or work" and “Physiological cue reactivity” for promoting the spontaneous remission of PTSD and further suggest that “Intrusive thoughts” maybe helpful to minimize the subsequent presence of other PTSD symptoms. Future research should investigate the causality and associations between within-person networks.

Multiscale 3D bioprinting for the recapitulation of lung tissue

Lung tissue engineering (LTE) has gained significant attention as a highly promising and innovative strategy to tackle the formidable obstacles posed by lung-related diseases and the lack of compatible donor organs availability. In the realm of groundbreaking advancements in tissue engineering (TE), one particular technology that has emerged as a game-changer is three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting. It distinguishes itself by offering a potent and versatile approach to constructing intricate structures while opening up new horizons for TE and regenerative medicine (RM). This review focuses on the application of multiscale 3D bioprinting techniques in LTE and the reconstitution of lung tissue in vitro. We analyzed the key aspects such as bioink formulations and printing strategies utilized from macroscale 3D bioprinting to micro/nanoscale 3D bioprinting. Additionally, we evaluated the potential of multiscale bioprinting to replicate the complex architecture of the lung, ranging from macrostructures to micro/nanoscale features. We discussed the challenges and future directions in biofabrication approaches for LTE. Furthermore, we highlight the current progress and future perspectives in tissue reconstitution of lung in vitro, considering factors such as cell source, functionalization, and integration of physiological cues. Overall, multiscale 3D bioprinting offers exciting possibilities for the development of functional lung tissues, enabling disease modeling, new drug screening, and personalized regenerative therapies.    

Pain Assessment and Management for a Chemically Paralyzed Child Receiving Mechanical Ventilation.

Pain assessment in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is complex, specifically for children receiving mechanical ventilation who require neuromuscular blockade (NMB). No valid pain assessment method exists for this population. Guidelines are limited to using physiologic variables; it remains unknown how nurses are assessing and managing pain for this population in practice. To describe how PICU nurses are assessing and managing pain for children who require NMB. A cross-sectional quantitative design was used with an electronic survey. Nurses were asked to respond to 4 written vignettes depicting a child who required NMB and had a painful procedure, physiologic cues, both, or neither. A total of 107 PICU nurses answered the survey. Nurses primarily used behavioral assessment scales (61.0%) to assess the child's pain. All nurses reported that physiologic variables are either moderately or extremely important, and 27.3% of nurses used the phrase "assume pain present" formally at their organization. When physiologic cues were present, the odds of a nurse intervening with a pain intervention were 23.3 times (95% CI, 11.39-53.92; P < .001) higher than when such cues were absent. These results demonstrate variation in how nurses assess pain for a child who requires NMB. The focus remains on behavioral assessment scales, which are not valid for this population. When intervening with a pain intervention, nurses relied on physiologic variables. Decision support tools to aid nurses in conducting an effective pain assessment and subsequent management need to be created.

Sensor-based detection of individual walkability perception to promote healthy communities

People living in walkable areas are more likely to maintain a physically active lifestyle. Adverse elements of the built environment (e.g., demolished houses, damaged sidewalks) can cause physical or emotional distress, and negatively affect walkability patterns. Individuals are likely to perceive walkability of a place in distinct ways and can be differentially impacted by the built environment. This paper quantifies walkability perception of the built environment using data from “in-the-moment” interactions between pedestrians and the built environment, captured by wearable physiological and accelerometry sensors. Prominent temporal change patterns in physiological reactivity (i.e., electrodermal activity, heart rate) and gait are captured through a physiological saliency cue (PSC), which comprises the input of a machine learning model automatically estimating pedestrians’ perceived walkability. Contextual information from user’s location is further used to augment the features. Results obtained on 25 participants in a field experiment indicate that the PSC measures can reliably detect individual perception of walkability, often more accurately compared to the aggregate measures from the corresponding raw signals. Inclusion of contextual information further improves the performance. Findings from this study can enhance our understanding on the association between walkability and the built environment, and lead to more effective planning and public health strategies that contribute to community health.

Hierarchically Porous Implants Orchestrating a Physiological Viscoelastic and Piezoelectric Microenvironment for Bone Regeneration.

The extracellular matrix microenvironment of bone tissue comprises several physiological cues. Thus, artificial bone substitute materials with a single cue are insufficient to meet the demands for bone defect repair. Regeneration of critical-size bone defects remains challenging in orthopedic surgery. Intrinsic viscoelastic and piezoelectric cues from collagen fibers play crucial roles in accelerating bone regeneration, but scaffolds or implants providing integrated cues have seldom been reported. In this study, we aimed to design and prepare hierarchically porous poly(methylmethacrylate)/polyethyleneimine/poly(vinylidenefluoride) composite implants presenting a similar viscoelastic and piezoelectric microenvironment to bone tissue via anti-solvent vapor-induced phase separation. The viscoelastic and piezoelectric cues of the composite implants for human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell line stimulated and activated Piezo1 proteins associated with mechanotransduction signaling pathways. Cortical and spongy bone exhibited excellent regeneration and integration in models of critical-size bone defects on the knee joint and femur in vivo. This study demonstrated that implants with integrated physiological cues were promising artificial bone substitute materials for regenerating critical-size bone defects. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Stay healthy under global warming: A review of wearable technology for thermoregulation

AbstractGlobal warming has been affecting human health, including direct mortality and morbidity from extreme heat, storms, drought, and indirect infectious diseases. It is not only “global” but extremely “personal”—it is a matter of life and death for many of us. In this perspective, we propose the use of wearable technologies for localized personal thermoregulation as an innovative method to reduce the impact on health and enable wider adaptability to extreme thermal environments. The state‐of‐the‐art thermoregulation methods and wearable sensing technologies are summarized. In addition, the feasibility of thermoregulation technology in preventive medicine for promoting health under climate change is comprehensively discussed. Further, we provide an outlook on health‐oriented closed loop that can be achieved based on parallel thermoregulation and multiple data inputs from the physiological, environmental, and psychological cues, which could promote individuals and the public to better adapt to global warming.image

Patients' Pre and Post-Bariatric Surgery Experience of Dieting Behaviours: Implications for Early Intervention.

Bariatric surgery works, in part, by surgically changing signals of hunger and satiety to achieve weight loss. Not all patients experience optimal outcomes. One potential explanation is that post-surgery dieting may subvert the ability to identify physiological cues of hunger and fullness. Dieting behaviours (e.g. restriction/cognitive restraint) are correlated with disordered eating, and disordered eating implicated in poor outcomes. This study examines the experience of dieting after bariatric surgery. Seventeen adult participants who had undertaken bariatric surgery and residing in Australia participated in semi-structured interviews. Surgeries occurred in 2021 (n = 8), 2020 (n = 4), 2019 (n = 2), and one participant each had surgery in 2014, 2009, and 2004. Thematic analysis elicited themes related to post-operative dieting. All participants reported chronic pre-surgery dieting. Lifestyle change was the overarching post-surgical theme comprising (i) flexibility (e.g. allowing food, intuitive eating), and (ii) control, comprising surgery control (e.g. set portions, surgery instilled control) and dieting control (e.g. discipline, restriction/restraint). Descriptions of lifestyle change often mirrored pre-surgery descriptions of dieting. Post-surgery lifestyle change appears to encompass a tension between flexible/adaptive approaches to eating and the need to maintain control. Control may emerge as practices that mirror pre-surgery dieting with the potential to interfere with adaptive eating behaviours or promote disordered eating. Dieting behaviours may be a precursor to the development of disordered eating. Health care practitioners should regularly assess dieting behaviour post-surgery to enable early intervention where warranted. Future research should consider how post-surgery re-emerging dieting may be identified and measured to aid in intervention.

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Оценка вклада физиологических параметров в определение значимости фактора риска в ситуации скринингового тестирования на полиграфе

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The scientific validity of polygraph testing is regularly criticized by the scientific community in view of the subjectivity of data evaluation and the unclear predictive value of the parameters obtained with the help of a polygraph. In order to clarify the contribution of the physiological cues used in identifying the salience of the topic during polygraph screening, the materials of an empirical study obtained from a sample of 67 volunteers who have a risk factor associated with forgery of documents and do not have it are presented. A psychophysiological method was used with a preliminary questionnaire about the well-being at the time of the experiment. During the paid experiment, it was proposed to forge a financial document and lie about it to a polygraph examiner, or answer questions honestly. In order to eliminate subjectivity in data evaluation, all registered signals were digitized, standardized and processed using the discriminate analysis method. At the same time, a high accuracy of the discriminant model was found (92.5%). The parameters of a short-term rise in blood pressure and changes in the electrical activity of the skin were the main variables for the classification of persons with and without a risk factor. The data obtained complement previous studies on the accuracy of the polygraph screening test, expanding the prognostic value of the length of the respiratory signal line.&lt;/p&gt;

Magneto-optical spatial light modulator driven by current-induced domain wall motion for holographic display applications.

We have developed a magneto-optical spatial light modulator (MO-SLM) with a 10 k × 5 k pixel layout and with a pixel pitch horizontally of 1 µm and vertically of 4 µm. An MO-SLM device pixel has a magnetic nanowire made of Gd-Fe magneto-optical material whose magnetization was reversed by current-induced magnetic domain wall motion. We successfully demonstrated the reconstruction of holographic images, showing large viewing zone angles as wide as 30 degrees and visualizing different depths of the objects. These characteristics are unique to holographic images, providing physiological depth cues which may play a vital role in three-dimensional (3D) perception.

Double crosslinked biomimetic composite hydrogels containing topographical cues and WAY-316606 induce neural tissue regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an overwhelming and incurable disabling condition, for which increasing forms of multifunctional biomaterials are being tested, but with limited progression. The promising material should be able to fill SCI-induced cavities and direct the growth of new neurons, with effective drug loading to improve the local micro-organism environment and promote neural tissue regeneration. In this study, a double crosslinked biomimetic composite hydrogel comprised of acellularized spinal cord matrix (ASCM) and gelatin-acrylated-β-cyclodextrin-polyethene glycol diacrylate (designated G-CD-PEGDA) hydrogel, loaded with WAY-316606 to activate canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and reinforced by a bundle of three-dimensionally printed aligned polycaprolactone (PCL) microfibers, was constructed. The G-CD-PEGDA component endowed the composite hydrogel with a dynamic structure with a self-healing capability which enabled cell migration, while the ASCM component promoted neural cell affinity and proliferation. The diffusion of WAY-316606 could recruit endogenous neural stem cells and improve neuronal differentiation. The aligned PCL microfibers guided neurite elongation in the longitudinal direction. Animal behavior studies further showed that the composite hydrogel could significantly recover the motor function of rats after SCI. This study provides a proficient approach to produce a multifunctional system with desirable physiological, chemical, and topographical cues for treating patients with SCI.

Continuous contractile force and electrical signal recordings of 3D cardiac tissue utilizing conductive hydrogel pillars on a chip.

Heart-on-chip emerged as a potential tool for cardiac tissue engineering, recapitulating key physiological cues in cardiac pathophysiology. Controlled electrical stimulation and the ability to provide directly analyzed functional readouts are essential to evaluate the physiology of cardiac tissues in the heart-on-chip platforms. In this scenario, a novel heart-on-chip platform integrating two soft conductive hydrogel pillar electrodes was presented here. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) and cardiac fibroblasts were seeded into the apparatus to create 3D human cardiac tissues. The application of electrical stimulation improved functional performance by altering the dynamics of tissue structure and contractile development. The contractile forces that cardiac tissues contract was accurately measured through optical tracking of hydrogel pillar displacement. Furthermore, the conductive properties of hydrogel pillars allowed direct and non-invasive electrophysiology studies, enabling continuous monitoring of signal changes in real-time while dynamically administering drugs to the cardiac tissues, as shown by a chronotropic reaction to isoprenaline and verapamil. Overall, the platform for acquiring contractile force and electrophysiological signals in situ allowed monitoring the tissue development trend without interrupting the culture process and could have diverse applications in preclinical drug testing, disease modeling, and therapeutic discovery.

Learning analytics for lifelong career development: a framework to support sustainable formative assessment and self-reflection in programs developing career self-efficacy.

Among myriad complex challenges facing educational institutions in this era of a rapidly evolving job marketplace is the development of career self-efficacy among students. Self-efficacy has traditionally been understood to be developed through the direct experience of competence, the vicarious experience of competence, social persuasion, and physiological cues. These four factors, and particularly the first two, are difficult to build into education and training programs in a context where changing skills make the specific meaning of graduate competence largely unknown and, notwithstanding the other contributions in this collection, largely unknowable. In response, in this paper we argue for a working metacognitive model of career self-efficacy that will prepare students with the skills needed to evaluate their skills, attitudes and values and then adapt and develop them as their career context evolves around them. The model we will present is one of evolving complex sub-systems within an emergent milieu. In identifying various contributing factors, the model provides specific cognitive and affective constructs as important targets for actionable learning analytics for career development.