Physics Research Research Articles

The TPACK Physics Learning Video: Forming 21st Century Skills in Physics Learning

Abstract The 21st century learning process in schools emphasizes soft skills. To support the learning process in schools, learning videos are needed that present physics content in a learning process. This article publishes the results of research and development of physics learning videos. This physics learning video presents physics learning in stages that train creativity and critical thinking skills. The physics content is a Static Fluid presented with the TPACK framework. This physics learning video uses Lee & Owens research and development stages. Product feasibility is assessed using a questionnaire by experts. The components assessed are the suitability of physics content, the suitability of the learning process, the suitability of physics learning media on static fluid concepts. Sequentially, it received an assessment of 95.0% for physics content, 98.0% for the learning process, 100.0% for video media. The implementation of TPACK for the learning process in learning video products has made it easier for students to practice their critical thinking skills and increase their creativity.

The Physical Activity and Cancer Control (PACC) framework: update on the evidence, guidelines, and future research priorities.

We proposed the Physical Activity and Cancer Control (PACC) framework in 2007 to help organise, focus, and stimulate research on physical activity in eight cancer control categories: prevention, detection, treatment preparation/coping, treatment coping/effectiveness, recovery/rehabilitation, disease prevention/health promotion, palliation, and survival. This perspective paper provides a high-level overview of the scientific advances in physical activity research across cancer control categories, summarises current guidelines, updates the PACC framework, identifies remaining and emerging knowledge gaps, and provides future research directions. Many scientific advances have been made that are reflected in updated physical activity guidelines for six of the cancer control categories apart from detection and palliation. Nevertheless, the minimal and optimal type, dose, and timing of physical activity across cancer control categories remain unknown, especially for the understudied population subgroups defined by cancer type, age, race/ethnicity, and resource level of regions/countries. To achieve the full benefit of physical activity in cancer control, future research should use innovative study designs that include diverse at-risk populations and understudied cancer sites. Additionally, effective behaviour change strategies are needed to increase physical activity levels across populations that use implementation science to accelerate the translation from evidence generation into practical, real-world interventions.

Challenges and barriers in conducting school-based physical activity research: A narrative review

ABSTRACT Physical activity (PA) is associated with numerous mental and physical health benefits. But it has been observed that young people and children frequently participate in low levels of PA, which is especially noticeable when they progress from primary to secondary school. Thus, in order to improve physical health among school-going children, different schools should put in place school-based PA intervention programs. The researchers designing PA intervention protocols for school children encounter various challenges during implementation; hence, this narrative review determines the challenges and barriers faced by the researchers during data collection on PA of school-going adolescent children. The review highlighted the challenges encountered during implementation of school-based PA and fitness among school children. The key issues mentioned in the review involved problems related to communication with schools, recruitment of participants along with the informed consent, implementation and data collection, environment of school, and barriers to PA in school. The documentation of these difficulties can help advance knowledge of the researchers and their efficacy, which will finally result in the development of strengthened and close relationships with school-based educational institutions, leading to implementation of intervention protocols and enhancing physical fitness in school children.

Design of a triggerless readout electronics system for CDEX-50

Direct detection of light-mass dark matter is a frontier topic in international physics research. The reduction of system threshold is important in order to improve the sensitivity of light-mass dark matter detection. The scientific goal of the China Dark Matter Experiment (CDEX) at Jinping Underground Laboratory in China is to detect WIMPs utilizing a high-purity germanium array detector. CDEX-10 achieved the most sensitive results in the 4 to 5 GeV/c 2 range. CDEX-50 aims to achieve an energy threshold of 100 eV, which significantly increases data bandwidth and complicates the implementation of noise reduction algorithms, thereby posing challenges to the readout electronics system. In this paper, a triggerless readout electronics system based on FPGA-GPU is designed for CDEX-50, which can achieve full energy range detection from 100 eV to 10 MeV. A verification prototype of a triggerless electronics system utilizing a Broad Energy Germanium (BEGe) detector has been developed to test the performance of high-bandwidth transmission and data processing. The results demonstrate that the bit error rate for the high-speed transmission link of the triggerless readout electronics system is below 1015. Furthermore, the FPGA-GPU transmission bandwidth, utilizing P2P DMA, achieves 100.2 Gbps, and the mean filter implemented on the GPU is capable of processing a 64 Gbps data stream in real-time. These results provide foundation for the design of the triggerless readout electronics system for CDEX-50.

TECHNOLOGY OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROJECT IN THE PROCESS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE BACHELORS IN PHYSICS AT A PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY

In the article, the author considers an educational project in physics as a unique activity of participants (teachers, students from different groups, courses) in the field of physical research, which has a set deadline and ensures the achievement of the planned result, which is a unique educational product. The technology of the educational project is interpreted as a pedagogical technology of resource-based learning of future bachelors in physics, which is a set of methods and techniques for organizing the didactic process and the educational and research interaction of all project participants to achieve the result within the specified time period. The stages of implementation of the technology of the educational project in the process of professional training of future bachelors in physics at the pedagogical university are defined: the stage of strategic planning, the stage of modelling, the stage of project implementation, the stage of presentation and reflection. The article provides a detailed description of the project, which involves the creation of videos for demonstration to students of a professional college, defines its stages, hypothesis, composition of participants, basis and terms of implementation, predicted result and results of reflection. It is noted that during the organization and implementation of educational projects in physics, the teacher performs the role of a tutor, which consists in determining the goals and content of project learning, in helping students to search information, in project planning, in the development of a structural and descriptive model of a physics project, in coordinating the process of work on the project. The teacher should guide the process of students’ educational and research interaction, support and encourage them to continuously progress in the work on the project, helping, but never doing the work instead of them.

Bibliometric Profile of Research on Physical Activities in Special Education

The aim of the research is to understand the bibliometric profile of physical activity research in special education. The researchers first decided on the database to be searched. Then, keywords were determined and the data were converted into a form suitable for analysis. Then, data analysis was carried out. As a result of the research, a series of keywords were decided to ensure that publications containing research on physical activity in special education were included: "(AB=("special education")) AND AB=("sport" or "physical activity" or "exercise") In the first search, 255 articles were reached. After excluding the excluded articles, 137 articles were analysed. Using the restriction options of the WoS database, the search was restricted to consist only of articles and to be between 1992 and 2024. Articles and early access were selected and all languages were selected as the language of publication. VOSviewer, Microsoft Excel 2016 and the open source Biblioshiny package program created in R programming language for bibliometric analyses were used in the analysis of the research data. In this study, the number of publications was taken into account to determine the effective journals in the field, and the number of local and global citations was evaluated to determine the effective publications. In order to evaluate the historical development of research on physical activity in special education, the frequency of publication by years was used. Likewise, in order to determine the publication efficiency of the countries, the number of publications of the relevant authors according to their countries was evaluated. Common word analyses and strategic diagrams were used to identify thematic research areas.

Exploring uncertainty in glass phase transitions through machine learning

Machine learning methods have shown significant potential and are widely used in modern physics research. However, the uncertainty linked to machine learning, arising from the opacity of its workflow, demands attention and consideration. This study investigates the application of machine learning models in analyzing the glass transition of Cu50Zr50 metallic glass. By employing supervised learning techniques with ResNet50, MobileNetV3, and GoogleNet image extraction models, the study reveals that while machine learning can capture variations in the disordered atomic structure during the transition process, different models may yield divergent results in determining the glass transition temperature. Moreover, variations in atomic sizes within the images can lead to fluctuations in the predicted transition temperatures. These findings highlight the inherent uncertainties associated with using machine learning to analyze continuous phase transitions and stress the importance of ensuring that the extracted structural features align with the physical characteristics of the transition process.

Computational analysis of MHD hybrid nanofluid over an inclined cylinder: Variable thermal conductivity and viscosity with buoyancy and radiation effects

Due to their widespread use in engineering, hybrid nanofluids have been the primary focus of mathematical and physical research. Only the improvement of hybrid nanofluids’ variable heat conductivity and viscosity has been considered so far. Hybrid nanofluid flow across an inclined cylinder has many potential uses, including heat transfer and cooling in electrical devices, energy storage, refrigerants, and the automobile industry. Examining the effects of buoyant force, variable viscosity, variable thermal conductivity, mass suction, convective thermal conditions, and a magnetic field on the stagnation point flow of a Al2O3–Cu/H2O hybrid nanofluid in an inclined cylinder is our objective in this work. In order to find solutions to boundary-condition flow-describing partial differential equations, we turn them into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. We achieve this by employing a numerical strategy known as the fourth-order Runge–Kutta technique, which incorporates shooting techniques. A graphical representation of the findings emphasizes the influence of many physical parameters on flow dynamics. In addition, we address the influence of drag force and rate of heat transfer on various elements, such as the Biot parameter, magnetic variable, viscosity variable, and thermal conductivity variable. The mixed convection and magnetic parameters cause the velocity profile to rise while the temperature profile falls. The research’s results elucidate the cause behind the rise in thermal contour of hybrid nanofluids, which is seen when there is an increment in thermal conductivity, radiation parameter, and Biot number. The heat transfer rate exhibits a significant increase of 36.87% in the aiding flow scenario when a 2.0 mass suction is applied in conjunction with a 0.01 hybrid nanofluid, as compared to the conventional fluid. In the scenario of opposing flow, the heat transfer rate exhibits a significant increase of 36.96% when compared to that of ordinary fluid. Heat transfer increases 43.00% when Rd increases from 0.1 to 0.5 for both assisting and opposing flow.

Advancing physical activity research methods using real-time and adaptive technology: A scoping review of “no-code” mobile health app research tools.

Advancing physical activity research methods using real-time and adaptive technology: A scoping review of “no-code” mobile health app research tools.

Using drawing to study student research experiences

The communities of practice (COP) framework describes learning as a process of navigating one’s position of membership within a community of professionals pursuing a set of common goals using established practices. As students navigate their membership within a community like a physics research group, they develop a mental model of the community of practice and use this model to guide their future career decisions. Drawing has been shown to illustrate students’ perspectives and experiences, offering important benefits as a source of qualitative information. In this proof-of-concept paper, we explore how a drawing survey can be used to identify elements of a student’s COP model in the context of a research group. We describe the development and validation of this drawing survey using the response process evaluation method. This method establishes the degree to which students interpret survey prompts as intended. We then review a sample of seven student drawings made in response to the survey to investigate the degree to which the survey generates sufficient data to examine a student’s COP model. Finally, we demonstrate a use case examining N=23 drawings that allow us to identify patterns and possible differences in responses from different student groups (physics majors and biology majors). We then reflect on this use of a drawing survey by highlighting important aspects of the process and discussing limitations. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Cassirer’s functionalist account of physical truth: object, measurement and technology

AbstractIn this paper I focus on Cassirer’s functionalist theory of truth in order to argue that the Positivistic theory of knowledge fails to explain how it is that physics provides us with truth-evaluable and reliably objective descriptions of the world. This argument is based on Cassirer’s idea that what the Positivistic theory of knowledge normally considers as the “factual” of physics is, in fact, unachievable and falsely conceived. I show that Cassirer’s focus on how measurement is made possible, as well as how technological instruments are put to use in physical research, enables him to offer an alternative account of truth, i.e., a functionalist theory of truth, which is philosophically attractive and rationally plausible.

High-Performance Parallel Computing for Scientific Simulations

One essential strategy for overcoming the difficulties of contemporary scientific simulations is High-Performance Parallel Computing, or HPPC. In order to handle massive information and solve complicated equations, these simulations—which mimic complex phenomena like weather patterns, fluid dynamics, and biological systems—require enormous processing resources. By dividing tasks into smaller components and processing them concurrently, HPPC enables scientists to answer issues more quickly and precisely. Research in several disciplines, including biology, environmental science, engineering, and physics, is greatly advanced by this type of computer.

Blooming Through the Evolution of DEI+

ABSTRACT The lexicon and language surrounding diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) are evolving with new and nuanced meanings arising, depending on historical and current contexts. Notably, the DEI initialism has evolved to incorporate justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion to create the acronym JEDI, excluding key terms such as accessibility, belonging, or antiracism. Adding a plus sign (+) to the DEI initialism embraces a more comprehensive and intersectional approach, creating space for transformative and evolving language. DEI+ aims to include and invite everyone into ongoing conversations where all are respected, supported, and feel a sense of belonging. Using Bloom's Taxonomy for cognitive learning as a framework, the authors advocate incorporating the DEI+ initialism within physical therapy education, research, and practice.

Квантовые вычисления в медицинской физике: особенности алгоритмов и их перспективы

Background: Quantum computing represents a paradigm leap in computational capabilities, with potential applications across various scientific disciplines. The complicated computations required for imaging, radiation therapy, and molecular modeling in medical physics give novel prospects for quantum computing. Objective: This article investigates the role of quantum computing in medical physics research, with an emphasis on its potential to improve computational efficiency and accuracy and develop novel treatment approaches. Methods: A thorough literature analysis was undertaken to investigate recent advances in quantum computing and their implications in medical physics. Case studies were reviewed to demonstrate practical applications and possible advantages. Theoretical models were tested to forecast future developments. Statistical data from quantum computing implementations were gathered from many sources, particularly on improving processing speed and accuracy in medical physics applications. Results: The findings show that quantum computing can significantly improve the processing speed of complex simulations and imaging techniques, with some quantum algorithms outperforming classical algorithms by up to 100 times. In radiation therapy planning, quantum computing has exhibited a 25% boost in dose distribution calculation precision. Quantum algorithms have lowered calculation times in molecular modeling by about 40%, potentially boosting drug development and customized therapy by 30%. Conclusion: Quantum computing has the potential to alter medical physics by increasing computational capacity, which could lead to advancements in diagnostics, treatment planning, and medication development. The statistical results corroborate the promise of quantum computing in these domains, emphasizing the importance of ongoing interdisciplinary collaboration and research to fully achieve these benefits and address present hurdles in incorporating quantum computing into clinical practice.

Role of Cairns–Gurevich ion distribution on nonlinear wave propagation in negatively charged dusty plasma

The study of dust-acoustic (DA) nonlinear electrostatic waves in dusty plasma is crucial for understanding plasma behavior in both astrophysical and laboratory environments. Dusty plasmas, characterized by the presence of negatively charged dust particles, exhibit complex dynamics influenced by various factors, including nonthermal electron and ion populations following Cairns–Gurevich distributions. This study addresses the problem of understanding wave propagation under these specific conditions by employing a set of fluid hydrodynamic equations for dust fluid, alongside appropriate electron and Cairns–Gurevich ion distributions, to model the dynamics and propagation of DA nonlinear electrostatic waves under specific plasma conditions with negatively charged dust particles. We derived a nonlinear Zakharov–Kuznetsov (ZK) equation to model the evolution of these waves and further transformed it into the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation to analyze rogue wave formation and identify unstable and stable zones within the plasma. We focused our analysis on the effects of key parameters, such as the nonthermal index, magnetic field strength, negative dust temperature ratio, polarization force, and density ratio, on the behavior of dust-acoustic waves (DAWs). The results demonstrated that soliton waves, explosive waves, and kink waves exhibit distinct behaviors depending on these parameters and the spatial context of Earth's magnetosphere. These findings provide new insights compared to previous studies into the conditions under which these waveforms emerge and evolve, especially in magnetized environments where earlier models were less effective at accurately characterizing or predicting wave behavior. By applying two different analytical methods, a direct integration approach and a generalized Kudryashov method, we expanded our understanding of nonlinear wave phenomena in dusty plasmas. Our results not only advance theoretical knowledge but also have practical implications for interpreting space plasma observations and guiding experimental design in plasma physics research. This study thus contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of plasma dynamics, with potential applications to astrophysical observation and laboratory plasma experimentation.

Correction: DNVF Memorandum: Objectives and Methods of Physical Activity-Related Health Services Research

Correction: DNVF Memorandum: Objectives and Methods of Physical Activity-Related Health Services Research

The weather today rocks or sucks for my tree: exploring the understanding of climate impacts on forests at high school level through tweets

Abstract. With the progression of global warming, impacts on the human sphere will undoubtedly increase. One prominent example at mid-latitudes is the stress on forests caused by climate change, which the BayTreeNet project (https://baytreenet.de/, last access: 30 July 2024) addresses from an interdisciplinary viewpoint. Scientists from physical climatology, dendroecology, and educational research collaborate to examine how long-term changes in weather patterns affect the state of trees, and how the atmosphere–tree relation can be used to the advantage of improving the communication of climate change effects to, in particular, high school students. This article presents a 1-week case study for the summer of 2021, when a distinct variability in weather patterns induced significant tree responses. The students of seven selected partner schools commented on the measured tree and weather data, which were available in real time, in the form of tweets and in conjunction with their educational geography program. The analyses of the tweets reveal that the students succeed in verbalizing the measured weather and, furthermore, manage to draw links between the stem diameter changes in trees and the weather variability. Problems arise with the use of less perceivable variables like the sap flow in the trees; also, the student posts exhibit shortcomings in establishing causal connections. Hence, the case study points to a discrepancy between describing basic environmental information and appreciating or understanding the underlying mechanistic links. This point will serve to refine future classroom concepts and, moreover, to enhance the communication of climate change effects on forests to the general public.

Effects of thickness, temperature and substrate on phonon anisotropy in layered Ta2NiSe5

Anisotropy in crystal structure has provided a new degree of freedom to tune the physical and photoelectric properties of low-symmetrical materials, enabling the anisotropic band structure and polarization-resolved applications. Thus, the identification and control on the anisotropy is of great importance for the development of polarization-integrated devices. In this work, we introduce a promising two-dimensional (2D) dimetal chalcogenide Ta2NiSe5 with strong in-plane anisotropic structure and explore the effects of thickness, temperature and substrate on its in-plane anisotropy via an angle-resolved polarized Raman spectra. It is shown that the Raman mode softens with increasing temperature, revealing the anharmonic phonon properties of the Ta2NiSe5 flakes. We found that the anisotropy of phonon vibration is strongly related with the thickness, temperature and used substrate, which is more obvious at thinner samples, higher temperature and opaque silicon substrate compared to sapphire and suspended conditions. This work first reveals the influence factor on the anisotropy of phonon mode, which will guide the fundamental research of anisotropic physics and experimental design for the angle-resolved electronics.

Physical model analysis of stability coefficient for tetrapod innovation

Beach protection is vital to reduce the damage to shorelines and coastal areas; one of the artificial protections that can be utilized is the tetrapod. However, much damage occurred when using a traditional tetrapod due to the lack of stability coefficient (KD). Therefore, this research aims to increase the stability coefficient by providing minor modifications to the cape of the tetrapod, such as round-caped or cube-caped. The modification seeks to hold the drag force from the wave and offer a good interlocking in between the tetrapod. This research applied physical model test research using a breakwater model made from the proposed innovative tetrapod with numerous variations in dimensions and layers simulated with several scenarios. The analysis was carried out by graphing the relationship between the parameters of the measurement results and the relationship between dimensionless parameters, such as wave steepness H/gT2, and other essential parameters, such as the KD stability number and the level of damage in %. The result shows that the modified and innovative tetrapod has a more excellent KD value than the conventional tetrapod. In addition, the innovative tetrapod with the cube-shaped has a recommended KD value greater than the round shape. This means that for the modified tetrapod structure and the same level of security, the required weight of the tetrapod with the cube cap will be lighter than the tetrapod with the round cap. These findings have significant practical implications for coastal protection and engineering, potentially leading to more efficient and cost-effective solutions.

Optimization of Wind Turbine Efficiency during Severe Weather

Due to the importance of energy in society as well as the negative environmental impact of many commonly used energy sources, namely fossil fuels, it is essential to develop and improve sources of renewable energy. Wind energy is a prominent, widely accessible, and environmentally friendly form of renewable energy created when wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of wind to electricity. Severe weather is one area of concern for wind turbines. This article primarily examines the effects of high wind speeds and lightning on wind turbines. To aid in improving and fostering renewable energy, this article aims to study the effects of lightning and high wind speeds on wind turbines, evaluate current solutions, and suggest improvements where possible. After examining several sources, the advantages and disadvantages of current methods were discussed along with proposed improvements. Due to the restrictions of our research being purely virtual, lacking resources, and time constraints, we are unable to conduct tests and physical research of wind turbines and these meteorological events for more thorough first-hand exploration. Following our research, the next step would be to utilize the evaluations and proposed improvements to current wind turbine designs and analyze the effects.