Physical Methods Research Articles

Particle-in-cell methods in edge plasma physics: the PICLS code

Abstract Over the past decades, multiple gyrokinetic codes have shown to be able to simulate turbulence and associated transport in the core of Tokamak devices. However, their application to the edge and scrape-off layer (SOL) region presents significant challenges. To date, only few codes and models have been adapted to SOL/edge conditions. To further study the SOL region in particular, with its steep temperature and density gradients as well as large fluctuation amplitudes, the full-f particle-in-cell code PICLS has been developed. PICLS is based on a full-f gyrokinetic model with linearised field equations, considers kinetic electrons and uses logical sheath boundary conditions. In the past, PICLS was verified by applying it to a well-studied 1D parallel transport problem during an edge-localized mode in the SOL under both collisionless and collisional conditions, for which a Lenard-Bernstein collision operator was implemented. PICLS recently was extended towards three spatial dimensions to study turbulence in open-field-line regions in slab and closed-field-line toroidal geometries. In this work, we will focus on the models and methods we used for extending the code towards three spatial dimensions, including validation efforts and comparisons with other existing codes in closed-field-line geometry.

Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens for Plant Photodynamic Seed Sterilization.

Pathogen-carrying seeds can significantly impact plant growth and development and may lead to serious public health incidents. Modern agriculture heavily relies on synthetic chemical microbicides and physical methods to eradicate pathogens transmitted by plant seeds. To counteract the misuse of microbicides, a class of cationic amphiphilic aggregate-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) are developed as photodynamic seed sterilization agents. AIEgens function as antimicrobial agents in seed treatment. These materials are engineered to specifically bind to pathogenic microorganisms on seed surfaces. Furthermore, when combined with photodynamic therapy, AIEgens can be activated to produce reactive oxygen species that selectively destroy pathogens. Sterilization experiments with tomato seeds carrying Pseudomonas syringae and mung bean seeds carrying Pseudomonas aeruginosa demonstrate that AIEgens can effectively eliminate both plant and animal pathogens carried by seeds. Therefore, AIEgens offer a promising solution for preventing the spread of seed-borne pathogens.

Pollution Reduction and Carbon Reduction Technology Based on Pressure Swing Physical Adsorption Method in Power Enterprises

With the increasing global attention to environmental issues and climate change, power companies, as an important energy production sector, are facing severe challenges in reducing pollution and carbon emissions. In view of this, this study is based on the metal organic framework MIL-101(Cr), physically encapsulating metalloporphyrins and synthesizing a FeTPP@MIL-101(Cr) complex. Then, the surface characteristics and adsorption performance of the composite are evaluated, and the pressure swing physical adsorption method is introduced to achieve the goal of carbon reduction and pollution reduction. The ICP-OES loading results showed that the corresponding encapsulation amounts in MIL@-A and MIL@-B composites were 5.24% and 3.20%, respectively. Moreover, when the temperature increased from 273 K to 298 K, the adsorption capacity of all test gases on the three samples showed a decreasing trend. Under ideal atmospheric pressure conditions, the adsorption capacity of MIL@-A encapsulation for CO2 did not decrease and increased, while the adsorption capacity for N2 was relatively small, but still had a certain adsorption capacity. The above results indicate that combining the pressure swing physical adsorption method with FeTPP@MIL-101(Cr) complexes can effectively adsorb pollutants generated by power enterprises, achieve predetermined goals, and help promote clean production in power enterprises.

Development of gene-in-plasmid DNA reference materials certified by single-molecule counting.

The mole, the SI unit for measuring the amount of a substance, was redefined as a fixed number of entities. This definition enables straightforward quantification of substances by counting individual entities. Counting proves particularly effective for quantifying large and discrete biological entities such as DNA, proteins, viruses, and cells, which are challenging to quantify via traditional physical or chemical methods. In this study, we detail our approach to develop gene reference materials certified through single-molecule counting, which enables mole-traceable measurements. We quantified three plasmid DNA constructs, each carrying a specific gene of interest, via single-molecule counting. The resulting values were cross-validated via digital PCR and LC‒MS. Sequence impurities in the certified reference materials were quantified via single-molecule real-time sequencing, whereas fragment impurities were quantified via two-color digital PCR analysis. We precisely accounted for various sources of uncertainty, including measurement precision, weighing, homogeneity, and impurities, when estimating the total uncertainty of the reference materials. In conclusion, a practical format for gene-based DNA reference materials, a measurement method to achieve metrological traceability, and methods for quantifying fragments and sequence impurities were developed and implemented in this study. We anticipate that our gene-based DNA reference materials will serve as valuable higher-order standards for the calibration of other methods or reference materials for DNA quantification in a variety of bioanalytical applications.

ANÁLISE DE FATORES DE RISCO ASSOCIADOS A LESÕES EM PRATICANTES DE CROSSFIT: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

CrossFit is a high-intensity physical training method that aims to develop skills in ten areas of physical fitness. The practice of this training has been associated with a higher incidence of injuries, especially among men, who tend to seek less guidance from instructors. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for injuries in CrossFit practitioners, through a literature review, and to explore physiotherapeutic approaches aimed at enhancing the performance of athletes and students. Data was collected between September and October 2024, using the VHL, PubMed and LILACS databases, from 2016 to 2024. There were 17 articles (3 in BVS, 12 in PubMed and 2 in LILACS), in the end, 7 articles were considered suitable for analysis. The results showed that the common risk factors for injuries in CrossFit practitioners involve muscle overload and joint problems, the results also indicated effective physiotherapeutic approaches to enhance the athletes' performance. In conclusion, the study highlighted the importance of physiotherapeutic approaches to prevent and treat injuries in CrossFit athletes. The correct technical execution of exercises, combined with targeted physiotherapeutic interventions, is essential in reducing risks and improving athletes' performance.

Nutrient amendments enrich microbial hydrocarbon degradation metagenomic potential in freshwater coastal wetland microcosm experiments.

The impact of oil spills in a freshwater aquatic environment can pose dire social, economic, and ecological effects on the region. An oil spill in the Laurentian Great Lakes region has the potential to affect the drinking water of more than 30 million people. The light synthetic crude oil used in this experimental microcosm study is transported through an underground pipeline crossing the waterway between two Laurentian Great Lakes. This study collected metagenomic data (experiments in triplicate) and assessed the quantity of BTEX compounds, which connected microbial degradation function to gene potential. The resulting data documented the bioremediation capabilities of native microbes in a freshwater coastal wetland. This study also provided evidence for this region that bioremediation can be a viable remediation strategy instead of invasive physical methods.

Rhythm of cognition: exploring Greek traditional dance's acute effects on children's executive functions

ABSTRACT This study examined the acute effects of a Greek traditional dance (GTD) lesson on school-aged children's executive functions (EFs), with a focus on the separate and combined effects of lesson intensity and cognitive demands. Ninety-three children were randomly assigned to one of four conditions, involving a 20-minute GTD lesson with varying intensity (high vs. low) and cognitive demands (high vs. low). EFs were assessed pre- and post-intervention, using the ANT for inhibitory control, Digits Backwards for working memory, and the How many - What number for cognitive flexibility. Results from (M)ANCOVAs, controlling for pre-test EFs scores, indicated that high cognitive demands groups demonstrated better accuracy in congruent trials for inhibitory control (F = 6.47, p = .013, η 2 = .07), while low-intensity groups exhibited better accuracy in switch trials for cognitive flexibility (F = 9.11, p = .003, η 2 = .09). No significant differences were observed for working memory. Although the GTD positively impacted inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility, most EF parameters did not significantly differ. Class duration, physical activity intensity and teaching method used might have affected the results and should be considered in future research on dance programs and children's EFs.

From Physiology to Psychology: A Multidimensional Analysis of Recovery Strategies for Young Athletes

Young athletes are often at risk of physical fatigue and injury during intense competition and training, making post-competition rehabilitation particularly important. Effective rehabilitation not only helps them regain strength and reduce the likelihood of injury, but also improves overall athletic performance. Science-based post-competition rehabilitation can help young-athletes maintain good physical condition, extend their athletic careers, and enhance their academic and athletic performance. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of post-competition recovery strategies in improving the athletic performance of young athletes, focusing on physiological, physical, and psychological recovery methods. It emphasizes the importance of proper nutrition and rest for physiological recovery, highlighting their role in muscle repair and energy replenishment. Physical recovery strategies such as stretching, massage, and low-intensity activities were examined to understand the benefits of these strategies in relieving muscle tension and improving flexibility. The study also explored mental recovery techniques, including relaxation exercises and psychological support, to understand their impact on stress management and mental resilience. This research highlights the significance of employing a multifaceted approach to recovery techniques in order to enhance overall performance. By adopting efficient recovery protocols, athletes are able to attain superior recovery outcomes, boost their competitive advantage, and potentially prolong their athletic careers. The manuscript advocates for additional investigations to fine-tune these strategies and assess their long-term advantages for sustained athletic success.

Elucidating the Impact of Buried Interface Engineering on Perovskite Properties and Stability in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Buried-interface engineering is crucial in the fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its effectiveness in facilitating the deposition of perovskite absorbers. This technique is especially significant in inverted PSCs (IPSCs) where the dewetting materials are normally used as the bottom hole transporters. Here, we investigate the impact of buried-interface techniques on the optical and mechanical behavior of perovskites and the overall stability of IPSCs. Our findings demonstrate that the chemical treatment with fluorene-based conjugated polyelectrolyte (e.g., PFN-Br), in contrast to the physical UV-ozone method, induces distinct dendrite-like patterns at the buried interface. These changes profoundly impact the optical properties of the perovskite films, evidenced by red-shifted photoluminescence in these regions. Furthermore, the dendritic morphologies are shown to affect the mechanical properties of the as-crystallized perovskite films, such as a reduction in Young's modulus/hardness, which in turn modulate the device performance. The photovoltaic data indicate that these dendrite-like patterns are beneficial for the initial efficiencies but compromise the long-term stability of the derived IPSCs. This study provides valuable insights into buried-interface engineering strategies for achieving efficient and stable IPSCs.

The review of innovations and prospects for the development of physical therapy in modern medicine

Aim. To study and summarize the main modern approaches to physical therapy, namely kinesiotherapy, robotic rehabilitation system and virtual platforms; to analyze their effectiveness in different clinical settings and the problem of individualization of rehabilitation programs and the need to develop personalized approaches to patients with different types of pathologies. Materials and methods. The research materials were materials from scientific publications and thematic Internet sites. The methods of data systematization and generalization were used in the study. Results. Physical therapy is an important component of medical care, especially for patients who need to recover from injuries, surgeries, or suffer from chronic diseases of the musculoskeletal system and nervous system. Recent decades have been marked by a significant development in physical rehabilitation methods, including the use of the latest technologies and interdisciplinary approaches. Kinesiotherapy is a method of physical therapy based on the use of motor activity to restore body functions. It is one of the most widespread and scientifically proven approaches to the treatment of various pathologies. Robotic rehabilitation systems are one of the most promising areas of modern medicine. Robotic exoskeletons and rehabilitation platforms provide the ability to perform movements with a high level of control and correction, which helps to avoid incorrect exercise performance and speeds up the recovery process. Virtual reality (VR) and telemedicine allow patients to participate in rehabilitation programs in a safe and controlled environment that can be adapted to their needs. A literature review has shown that the use of a personalized rehabilitation program increases the effectiveness of a patient’s physical therapy. Conclusions. Based on the analysis, it has been found that traditional methods of kinesiotherapy remain the basis of rehabilitation programs, but their effectiveness can be significantly improved through the use of innovative technologies, such as robotic systems, virtual reality and telemedicine platforms. In addition, the combination of different physical rehabilitation methods allow achieving better results in restoring the patients’ physical functions, which is confirmed by the results of many studies. The implementation of such comprehensive approaches can reduce rehabilitation time and improve the quality of life of patient.

Assessment of molecular modulation by multifrequency electromagnetic pulses to preferably eradicate tumorigenic cells

Physics methods of cancer therapy are extensively used in clinical practice, but they are invasive and often confront undesired side effects. A fully new equipment that allows sustained emission of intense and time-controlled non-ionizing multifrequency electromagnetic pulse (MEMP), has been applied to eukaryotic cells in culture. The equipment discriminates the overall electronegative charge of the cell cultures, and its subsequent proportional emission may thereby become higher and lethal to cancer cells of generally high metabolic activity. In contrast, low tumorigenic cells would be much less affected. We tested the specificity and efficacy of the equipment against a collection of (i) highly tumorigenic cells of human (glioblastoma, cervical carcinoma, and skin) and mouse (colon adenocarcinoma) origin; (ii) cell lines of much lower tumorigenicity (non-human primate kidney and mouse fibroblasts), and (iii) primary porcine macrophages lacking tumorigenicity. Time and intensity control of the MEMP allowed progressive decay of viability fairly correlating to cell tumorigenicity, which was provoked by a proportional alteration of the cytoplasmic membrane permeability, cell cycle arrest at G2, and general collapse of the actin cytoskeleton to the perinuclear region. Correspondingly, these effects drastically inhibited the proliferative capacity of the most tumorigenic cells in clonogenic assays. Moreover, MEMP suppressed in a dose-dependent manner the tumorigenicity of retrovirally transduced luciferase expressing colon adenocarcinoma cells in xenografted immune-competent mice, as determined by tumor growth in a bioluminescence imaging system. Our results support MEMP as an anti-cancer non-invasive physical treatment of substantial specificity for tumorigenic cells with promising therapeutic potential in oncology.

Characterization of Bimetallic Pd-Fe Nanoparticles Synthesized in Escherichia coli.

Biologically mediated nanoparticle (NP) synthesis offers a reliable and sustainable alternative route for metal NP production. Compared with conventional chemical and physical production methods that require hazardous materials and considerable energy expenditure, some microorganisms can reduce metal ions into NPs during standard metabolic processes. However, to be considered a feasible commercial option, the properties and inherent activity of bio-NPs still need to be significantly improved. In this work, we present an Escherichia coli-mediated synthesis method for catalytically active Pd-Fe NPs. The produced biogenic Pd-Fe NPs with varying Fe content were characterized using complementary analytical techniques to assess their size, composition, and structural properties. In addition, their catalytic performance was assessed by using standardized chemical reactions. We demonstrate that the combination of Pd with Fe leads to synergistic effects that enhance the catalytic performance of Pd NPs and make biogenic Pd-Fe NPs excellent potential substitutes for currently used catalysts. Briefly, the apparent rates for the model reaction of 4-nitrophenol reduction to 4-aminophenol catalyzed by Pd-based nanoparticles were as high as 0.1312 min-1 using bimetallic Pd-Fe NPs, which is far superior to the rates of monometallic Pd NPs counterparts. This study provides a feasible strategy for the synthesis of multimetallic Pd-based NPs using common microbial processes. It emphasizes the potential of biogenic Pd-Fe NPs as efficient and sustainable catalysts for hydrogenation reactions, offering an environmentally friendly synthesis for various applications, including wastewater treatment and the production of fine chemicals.

Shelf Life and Organoleptic Attributes of Multifruit Smoothies Treated by Combined Mild Preservation Technologies

The application of high hydrostatic pressure and mild heat treatment represents preservation processes for extending the shelf life of food products without compromising their quality. The combination of these physical methods at lower applied levels represents a promising approach to preserving the quality of treated products. This study aims to investigate the impact of combined treatments on the quality and storage stability of strawberry, banana, almond milk and avocado smoothies. The total colony count, electronic nose and tongue signals, colour, viscosity and sensory properties were examined over a 14-day storage period at 6 °C. The combined treatments were found to be effective in reducing the total colony count. During the sensory analysis, the impact of storage was the most prominent factor. Both the treatments and storage conditions significantly affected the colour characteristics of the samples. The smoothie samples exhibited pseudoplastic flow behaviour. Both applied treatments resulted in enhanced texture stability of the samples during the storage period. The electronic tongue and nose could differentiate between groups of fresh and stored samples, as well as between control and treated samples.

An Overview of Metallic Nanoparticles: Classification, Synthesis, Applications, and their Patents.

Nanotechnology has gained enormous attention in pharmaceutical research. Nanotechnology is used in the development of nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 1-100 nm, with several extraordinary features. Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) are used in various areas, such as molecular biology, biosensors, bio imaging, biomedical devices, diagnosis, pharmaceuticals, etc., for their specific applications. For this study, we have performed a systematic search and screening of the literature and identified the articles and patents focusing on various physical, chemical, and biological methods for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles and their pharmaceutical applications. A total of 174 references have been included in this present review, of which 23 references for recent patents were included. Then, 29 papers were shortlisted to describe the advantages, disadvantages, and physical and chemical methods for their synthesis, and 28 articles were selected to provide the data for biological methods for the formulation of metal NPs from bacteria, algae, fungi, and plants with their extensive synthetic procedures. Moreover, 27 articles outlined various clinical applications of metal NPs due to their antimicrobial and anticancer activities and their use in drug delivery. Several reviews are available on the synthesis of metal nanoparticles and their pharmaceutical applications. However, this review provides updated research data along with the various methods employed for their development. It also summarizes their various advantages and clinical applications (anticancer, antimicrobial drug delivery, and many others) for various phytoconstituents. The overview of earlier patents by several scientists in the arena of metallic nanoparticle preparation and formulation is also presented. This review will be helpful in increasing the current knowledge and will also inspire to innovation of nanoparticles for the precise and targeted delivery of phytoconstituents for the treatment of several diseases.

Mechanically mediated cargo delivery to cells using microfluidic devices.

Drug delivery technologies, which are a crucial area of research in the field of cell biology, aim to actively or passively deliver drugs to target cells to enhance therapeutic efficacy and minimize off-target effects. In recent years, with advances in drug development, particularly, the increasing demand for macromolecular drugs (e.g., proteins and nucleic acids), novel drug delivery technologies and intracellular cargo delivery systems have emerged as promising tools for cell and gene therapy. These systems include various viral- and chemical-mediated methods as well as physical delivery strategies. Physical methods, such as electroporation and microinjection, have shown promise in early studies but have not been widely adopted due to concerns regarding efficiency and cellular viability. Recently, microfluidic technologies have provided new opportunities for cargo delivery by allowing for precise control of fluid dynamic parameters to achieve efficient and safe penetration of cell membranes, as well as for foreign material transport. Microfluidics-based mechanical delivery methods utilize biophysical phenomena, such as cell constriction and fluid shear, and are associated with high throughput and high transfection efficiency. In this review, we summarize the latest advancements in microfluidic mechanical delivery technologies, and we discuss constriction- and fluid shear-induced delivery strategies. Furthermore, we explore the potential application of artificial intelligence in optimizing cargo delivery technologies, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the future development of novel cellular drug delivery technologies.

Biopolymer‐Based Gel Electrolytes for Advanced Zinc Ion Batteries: Progress and Perspectives

AbstractIn recent years, aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) with ultra‐high safety and environmental friendliness have emerged as a promising candidates for energy storage and energy conversion devices. However, the severe side reactions and dendrites issues discourage the practical application of ZIBs. Recently, biopolymer‐based gel electrolytes have disclosed large potential in tackling these challenges of ZIBs, with numerous advancements reported. Their advantages lie in suppressing side reactions including hydrogen evolution and Zn metal anode corrosion, as well as inhibiting the growth of Zn dendrites. This review comprehensively examines the classification, structures and properties of biopolymer‐based gel electrolytes, with a focus on hydrogel electrolytes derived from various natural macromolecular biopolymers, along with a brief discussion on non‐hydrogel electrolytes using ionic liquids or organic solutions as solvents. Subsequently, the preparation of biopolymer‐based gel electrolytes with physical and chemical methods are summarized. Furthermore, the practical applications of biopolymer‐based gel electrolytes in ZIBs with diverse cathodes materials are introduced. Finally, it highlights the environmental benefits and excellent electrochemical performance of biopolymer‐based gel electrolytes, outlining their prospects for the next generation of ZIBs and proposing future perspectives.

Fabrication of multilayer cellulose filters isolated from natural biomass for highly efficient air filtration for replacement of synthetic HEPA filters

Indoor air pollution can be extensively reduced by using a molecular air filtration system. However, widely utilized synthetic polymer-based filtration medium can lead to waste management difficulty after use. Consequently, this work aimed to synthesize highly efficient air nano-filters derived from renewable and biodegradable resources namely EFB and Pulp. The study successfully presented an air filter from 100% natural cellulose using a facile physical multilayer filter fabrication method. A combination of chemical and mechanical treatment was applied to prepare nanocellulose. The chemical composition analysis showed that 66-67% nanocellulose yield was efficiently isolated from both raw materials. The highest particle filtration efficiency (PFE) of 97.30% (0.3 μm particle size) greater than that of commercial HEPA filters was achieved from multilayer acid-derived microfiber@mechanically treated nanofibers from EFB with low-pressure drop of 11.56mm H2O. When %PFE and pressure drop were taken into consideration, all single-layer and multilayer-patterned fiber filters in this study provided high quality factor (QF) beyond 0.01Pa−1 which is the target of the air filter. The findings revealed that the pattern-layer filters through TBA-induced freezing-drying technique could achieve the removal of microbial model and Particulate Matters (PM1.0) represented as 0.1 and 0.3 μm particles, at the very low-pressure drop. Therefore, this study not only enhances the value of natural lignocellulosic wastes but also presents inspiring concepts for creating biodegradable cellulose-based air filters that will pave the way to more eco-friendliness and sustainability for synthetic filter replacement.

Transdermal delivery of Acheta domesticus protein hydrolysate using nanostructured lipid carriers and Derma Stamp ― Does the combination of lipid-based formulation and a physical technique add value for permeation and retention?

Acheta domesticus protein hydrolysate (PH) is a natural anti-skin aging compound, but its effectiveness is hindered by poor skin penetration due to its hydrophilicity and high molecular weight. This study aimed to compare the enhancement of PH skin delivery by increasing lipophilicity with nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and bypassing the skin barrier using physical techniques, including Derma Stamp and dissolving microneedles (MNs). Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-tagged PH was prepared to track the transdermal transport, and complexed with dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS) to be encapsulated into NLCs, prepared using a melt emulsification method. Skin delivery was evaluated in terms of skin permeation and skin retention using Franz diffusion cells. The FITC-PH loaded NLCs had a particle size of 238.9 ± 0.8 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.3 ± 0.0, a zeta potential of −23.6 ± 1.0 mV, and an encapsulation efficiency of 65.1 ± 2.1%. The MNs, prepared with polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 and polyvinyl alcohol (38:15 weight ratio), had uniform sharp needles and a high FITC-PH loading capacity of 97.2 ± 1.9%. PH permeation was most effectively enhanced through physical barrier bypassing, particularly with the Derma Stamp, followed by MNs and finally due to incorporation into NLCs. Notably, when utilizing the Derma Stamp, converting the aqueous solution of PH into an NLC formulation added positive benefits by significantly improving skin retention. In conclusion, it was suggested that while physical enhancement methods are crucial for permeation of the PH, optimizing formulation characteristics, such as incorporation into NLCs, further increased the overall effectiveness of skin delivery.

A digital twin framework for anomaly detection in industrial robot system based on multiple physics-informed hybrid convolutional autoencoder

The robot number in industry is growing up rapidly. Building anomaly detection system for them can improve the security of these expensive devices. The article implements an anomaly detection framework based on digital twin, which are built by a hybrid convolutional autoencoder. The framework shares those neural network weight files as digital assets, users can use them to estimate the possible output from real input. It approximates the dynamic relationship between motion, current, temperature and vibration with hybrid convolution. Considering the limited generalization performance of direct data-driven methods in practical physical systems, this article introduces physical information methods to improve the constraint function of neural network. The influence of multiple physical fields on current is established by a unified neural network. Terminals detect anomaly with KL divergence between really current and estimated current. The article collects operational data from real robots and verifies it, and the experiment shows that the RMSE for current estimation is below 1.5 %, the F1-score in anomaly detection is over 98.23 %, false positive is below 1 %, false negative is below 1.7 %. The relevant technologies are gradually being promoted and applied in enterprises.

Development of antifouling nanofiltration membranes for separation of dye/salt mixture through incorporation of novel polyelectrolyte-decorated silica

Various physical and chemical methods can improve hydrophilicity and prevent fouling in polyethersulfone (PES)-based nanofiltration membranes. Here, two additives containing hydrophilic polymer brushes were used to modify the hydrophilicity of PES membranes. First, the surface of mesoporous silica (MS) was modified with poly(2,3-epoxypropyl methacrylate) (P(EPMA)) and poly[2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (P(AEtMAC)) brushes using the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) method to prepare MS-g-P(EPMA-SO3) and MS-g-P(AEtMAC) as additive. Various weight percentages of the additives from 0.05 to 0.2 wt% were used to fabricate PES-based membranes and by adding the polymer brushes, the hydrophilicity of PES-based membranes increased. The membrane containing 0.075 wt% of MS-g-P(AEtMAC) additive exhibited a higher water flux of 18.6 (L/m2.h) at 5 bars. The separation of Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 (CBB) and Congo Red (CR) dyes (100 mg/L) was investigated; all membranes rejected more than 99 % of both dyes. However, the PES/MS-g-P(EPMA-SO3) membrane, M2, showed a rejection rate of 11.5, 6.1, and 5.1 % for Na2SO4, MgCl2, and NaCl, respectively. PES/MS-g-P(AEtMAC) membrane, M6, rejected Na2SO4, MgCl2, and NaCl at 6.2, 11.9, and 6.8 %, respectively. Finally, the constructed membranes demonstrated remarkable selectivity for dye/salt mixtures, indicating great potential for treating dye-containing wastewater.