Department Of Physics Research Articles

VISUAL DATA COMPUTER PROCESSING IN EDUCATIONAL DIY PROJECTS

The software tools for processing visual data in an educational chemical experiment, the experience of their usage, and a number of DIY (Do it yourself) projects developed on their basis were analyzed. Particular attention was paid to the role of self-made devices during the forced online education caused by COVID-19 and the full-scale war in Ukraine. The results of the development of the software tool ColorKit, which is being developed at the Department of Physics and Chemistry of H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University are presented. The basic principles were covered, the interface was described, the main functions of the application and their areas of usage were given. The principle of operation of the modules: "Spectrophotometer", "Colorimeter", "Refractometer", "Polarimeter" was characterized. The features of the structure of optical computer devices for physico-chemical analysis developed by teachers, students of higher education and students, members of the Academy of Medical Sciences were considered, and the results of their testing were highlighted. The design of an absorption spectrophotometer based on a reflective diffraction grating made from a DVD disc was described; a new method of its calibration using a diamond green solution was proposed. The operating model was tested and it was established that the accuracy of the device was sufficient for demonstration and educational chemical experiments. The operating principle of the "Colorimeter" module of the ColorKit software tool was considered. It was shown that, unlike other software tools, it had built-in approximation tools, which significantly facilitated the processing of visual data; displaying the results of mathematical processing in a graphic form, which made the experiment visual. It should be noted that for the correct operation of the virtual spectrophotometer and colorimeter in real time, the correct setting of the video device driver is quite important. A number of optical schemes of refractometers developed on the basis of the ColorKit software tool were presented: with liquid and V-prisms; i.e. the device whose principle of action is based on changing the optical properties of the lens in contact with the solution. It was shown that the simultaneous display of the course of the rays and the results of mathematical processing provides a high level of visibility. The results of the approval of the LED DIE refractometer with a V-prism are outlined. Further prospects for the development of the ColorKit project are planned.

Muon tomography of the Physics Department of the University of Coimbra

Muon tomography of the Physics Department of the University of Coimbra

Migrating the INFN-CNAF datacenter to the Bologna Tecnopolo: A status update

The INFN Tier1 data center is currently located in the premises of the Physics Department of the University of Bologna, where CNAF is also located. During 2023 it will be moved to the “Tecnopolo”, the new facility for research, innovation, and technological development in the same city area; the same location is also hosting Leonardo, the pre-exascale supercomputing machine managed by CINECA, co-financed as part of the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking, 4th ranked in the top500 November 2022 list. The construction of the new CNAF data center consists of two phases, corresponding to the computing requirements of LHC: Phase 1 involves an IT power of 3 MW, and Phase 2, starting from 2025, involves an IT power up to 10 MW. The new data center is designed to cope with the computing requirements of the data taking of the HL-LHC experiments, in the time spanning from 2026 to 2040 and will provide, at the same time, computing services for several other INFN experiments and projects, not only belonging to the HEP domain. The co-location with Leonardo opens wider possibilities to integrate HTC and HPC resources and the new CNAF data center will be tightly coupled with it, allowing access from a single entry point to resources located at CNAF and provided by the supercomputer. Data access from both infrastructures will be transparent to users. In this presentation we describe the new data center design, providing a status update on the migration, and we focus on the Leonardo integration showing the results of the preliminary tests to access it from the CNAF access points.

Development of the Wimshurst Machine as a Learning Media on Static Electricity Material for Junior High Schools

This research aims to produce a learning media development product in the form of a Wimhurst machine teaching aid that can be used by teachers and students in the physics learning process. This media is expected to improve the knowledge and scientific thinking skills of grade 8 junior high school students in physics lessons on static electricity. This research was conducted in March-June 2014 at the Physics Department Laboratory, FMIPA-UNJ. The research carried out is research and development. This machine (the media) can show electric charge jumps directly from the friction between aluminum foil (sector) and brass as a rake. The results of the Wimhurst machine are learning media in the form of teaching aids that can help teachers in conveying material and can develop science process skills. The results of testing the Wimhurst machine teaching aids can attract students' interest in studying static electricity, so that students can easily understand the concept of static electricity.

Determination of Optimal Geometry for an Empty Concentrator Augmented Wind Turbine

Aims: To determine the optimal concentrator geometrical parameters of an empty concentrator augmented wind turbine (CAWT), which are used to design and install CAWTs. Place and Duration of Study: Physics Department, University of Fort Hare, South Africa between March 2023, and October 2023. Methodology: The study used the concentrator length (L) to concentrator outlet diameter ratio (Lr) and the difference between inlet and outlet radii to concentrator outlet diameter ratio (Rr) to investigate the effect of concentrator geometry on wind velocity augmentation and air dynamics to determine the optimum concentrator geometrical parameters using computational fluid dynamics modelling. The modelled concentrators’ geometry was created in SolidWorks, prepared for meshing in SpaceClaim, meshed, and analysed in Fluent to solve the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, and validated by primary experimental results. To make the concentrators, six equally spaced Lr were used in the range 0.1 \(\le\) Lr \(\le\) 0.6 and thirteen equally spaced Rr in the range 0.025 \(\le\) Rr \(\le\) 0.325 . The concentrators’ performance was investigated in terms of velocity augmentation ratio (Vr) and concentrator efficiency (\(\eta\)c). Results: It was observed that the variation in Vr was influenced by the change in both Lr and Rr. The Vr and \(\eta\)c increased with an increase in Lr to a maximum at optimum Lr and decreased thereafter. The optimum Vr was obtained at Lr = 0.4 and Rr = 0.1 with a maximum velocity at the concentrator outlet. It was also shown that the energy losses due to friction negatively impact velocity augmentation more than energy losses due to a large concentrator tilt angle at high Lr . Conclusion: When constructing a CAWT, the turbine rotor should be placed at any distance between the concentrator outlet and 0.5L behind the concentrator, and the blade tips of the turbine in a CAWT system should be at least 10% smaller than the concentrator outlet radius, for the whole rotor to receive wind with augmented velocity.

Muon tomography with Resistive Plate Chambers for geological characterization

Muon tomography is one of several fields of applied physics that have witnessed the successful use of particle detection based on Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC). In this work, we report on an innovative project concerning transmission muography for geological characterization. For this purpose, a muon telescope built of four RPC planes was mounted on an adjustable structure and the telescope’s response to atmospheric muons was studied. Data acquisition campaigns took place at different locations for producing muographic images of the building of the Physics Department of the University of Coimbra, in Portugal. More recently, the detector was moved to an underground gallery of an old mine, where it is taking data that is being assessed in combination with the results from conventional geophysics techniques.

SUBJECTIVE ANALYSIS OF QUALITY INDICATORS OF MEDICINAL PRODUCTS

The purpose of the study is to assess the quality indicators and side effects of medicinal substances from a subjective point of view. Materials and methods. 40 attending therapeutists, 45 pharmacists and 100 patients were involved in the study at the Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies and Management and the Department of Medical and Biological Physics, the Azerbaijan Medical University in order to assess the quality indicators and side effects of medicinal substances from a subjective point of view. At the first stage, a special survey was used to study which factors, such as efficacy, safety, quality and price of drug, are accepted as the main criteria when prescribing a particular drug in research institutions.Results: Among the surveyed internists, 31 individuals, constituting 77.5% of the participants, emphasized the significance of product quality when prescribing medications. Two pharmacists from the total surveyed mentioned drug-induced side effects affecting the respiratory system. Furthermore, 77.5% of internists engaged in the survey reported that medicinal substances resulted in gastrointestinal side effects not explicitly outlined in the instructions. 88.9% of participating pharmacists noted drug-induced side effects on the gastrointestinal system in patients. Conclusions: The effective resolution of the issue investigated in this study hinges on the practical implementation of modern and enhanced pharmacovigilance methods to monitor the circulation of substandard medicines. This requires fostering a responsible attitude among all stakeholders, including the primary subjects of treatment, towards timely detection and improvement of drug safety. In clinical practice, instances of adverse reactions in patients using medications have frequently been observed. Most commonly, doctors and pharmacists noted similar reactions originating from the gastrointestinal tract, with respiratory system issues reported less frequently. When selecting medications, both doctors and pharmacists prioritize effectiveness, safety, and quality, with cost being of lesser importance.

Design Interactive Multimedia Based on Problem Solving Using Articulate Storyline on Dynamic Fluid Material

This study aims to develop interactive multimedia based on problem solving using articulate storyline on fluid material in class XI Phase F. The research wants to test the validity and practicality of interactive multimedia using articulate storyline. The research method used R&D with Plomp’s model. Plomp's model consist of three phases, there are preliminary phase, prototyping phase, assesment phase. The subjects of this research were the physics lecturer of physics department, physics teacher and students in class XII IPA 9 MAN 2 Padang. The instruments used to collect data consisted of interview sheets with teacher, observation sheets, self-evalution questionnaire, expert review, one to one and small group questionnaire sheets. The data obtained were analyzed using validity index proposed by Aiken and practicality data using category interval. The result of this study show that the development of interactive multimedia using Articulate Storyline was valid with score 0.91, practical by students with score 95.25% and practical by teachers with score 95.83. Conclusion of this study explains that the interactive multimedia based on problem solving using articulate storyline is valid and practical toward learning process.

Demonstrating Einstein’s Time Dilation Using Simple Muon Detectors

Einstein’s theory of special relativity is one of the topics taught in undergraduate university physics courses. As undergraduates rarely have the opportunity to collect data and verify the concepts of Special Relativity, namely time dilation and length contraction, this paper aims to serve as a detailed instructional manual (self-contained) as well as provide insights from the undergraduates’ point of view on how to use a muon detector to collect data at various locations and altitudes in order to experimentally verify the aforementioned concepts. This experimental element enhances and complements the understanding of Special Relativity. The desktop muon detector used — the CosmicWatch Desktop Muon Detector V2 — was developed by the Department of Physics at Massachusetts Institution of Technology.

Preface

The International Conference on Applied Sciences and Material Applications (ICASMA-2023) presents 4 distinguished keynote speakers including Professor Romulus Godang, PhD as a Professor in Physics, University of South Alabama, USA, Mohd Mustafa Awang Kechik, PhD, FMASS, MInstP, an Associate Professor at the Physics Department, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Associate Professor Jakrapong Kaewkhao, PhD as Director of Research and Development Institute, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University (NPRU), Thailand and Prof. Dr. Ahmad Taufiq, M.Si from Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kerista Tarigan, M.Eng.Sc from North Sumatera University, Indonesia. Beside of the distinguished keynote speakers, the ICASMA conference also presents the invited speakers including Dr. Juniastel Rajagukguk, M.Si, Dr. Dedi Holden Simbolon, S.Si.,M.Pd, Dr. Bunga Fisikanta Bukit, M.Si, In addition, presenters come from various Government and Private Universities, Institutions, Academy, and Schools.In the spirit of unity and collaboration, we have gathered here from various corners of the world, representing diverse fields of expertise and backgrounds. This conference is a testament to our shared commitment to advancing knowledge, fostering innovation, and addressing the pressing challenges of our time on Applied Science and Material Application.Our theme for this conference, “Exploring Cutting-Edge Technologies: Advances in Applied Sciences and Material Applications,” could not be more relevant. It serves as a beacon guiding us through the sea of information and ideas that we will navigate over the next few days. It reminds us that, in an ever-changing world, we must come together to explore new horizons and chart a course toward a better future.At least 80 participants attended the conference consisting of keynote speakers, presenters and participants. There are 29 papers received by the committee which are presented orally in parallel sessions. The articles have been peer reviewed by reviewers and decided by editor. Moreover, 24 of them have been accepted to publish on Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS) that indexed by scopus.We hope that the scientific attitude and skills through research will promote Physical Society of Indonesia (PSI) to be a well-known organization which persists to be developed and excelled in the future.Thank you to all parties, who always supports us in organizing the conference. Thank you all invited and keynote speakers. Special thanks to organizing committee who have well coordinated and collaborated in actualizing the conference.List of Organizing Committee is available in this Pdf.

Self-protected high-temperature superconducting demonstrator magnet for particle detectors

A high temperature superconducting (HTS) demonstration coil has been developed in the frame of the Experimental Physics department Research and Development program at CERN The magnet extends the recent experimental demonstration of aluminium-stabilised HTS conductors and supports the development of future large scale detector magnets. The HTS magnet has five turns and an open bore diameter of 230 mm. Up to 30 K, the coil was measured to be fully superconducting across four central turns at 4.4 kA, the maximum available current of existing power supply. The central magnetic field is 0.113 T, the peak field on the conductor is 1.2 T and the coil has a stored magnetic energy of 0.1 kJ. A 3D-printed aluminium alloy (Al10SiMg) cylinder acts both as a stabiliser and a mechanical support for the superconductor. The resistivity of Al10SiMg was measured at cryogenic temperatures, and has a residual resistivity ratio of approximately 2.5. The ability to solder ReBCO tapes (a stack of four REBCO tapes, 4 mm wide, Fujikura) to Al10SiMg stabiliser, electroplated with copper and tin, forming a coil, is demonstrated using tin-lead solder at 188 ∘C. The HTS magnet was proven to be stable when superconductivity was broken locally using a thin-film heater. Despite voids in the solder joint between HTS and stabiliser, no degradation of the magnet’s performance was observed after 12 thermal cycles and locally quenching the magnet. A numerical model of the transient behaviour of solenoid with partially shorted turns is developed and validated against measurements. Our work experimentally and numerically validates that using an aluminium alloy as a stabiliser for HTS tapes can result in a stable, lightweight and transparent magnet.

Student`s Responses in The Training on Utilization of Reference and Citation Managing Software at Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Padang

Menulis laporan penelitian merupakan kemampuan yang harus dimiliki oleh lulusan perguruan tinggi. Salah satu laporan penelitian adalah artikel yang diterbitkan di jurnal. Setiap jurnal memiliki aturan khusus yang terkait dengan tata cara penulisan termasuk sitasi dan refererensi. Akan tetapi kesadaran terhadap penyesuaian cara penulisan sitasi dan referensi masih rendah yang berujung pada tidak teraturnya penulisan sitasi dan referensi. Selain itu, kesadaran yang rendah tersebut ditambah pula dengan ketidak-tahuan terhadap alat bantú dalam mengelola sitasi dan referensi pada saat menulis draft manuskrip. Oleh karena itu, departemen fisika melaksanakan pelatihan penggunaan software pengolah sitasi dan referensi bagi mahasiswa tahun ke-empat dimana objek pelatihan ini sedang melakukan penelitian dan akan menulis laporan penelitian. Jenis peneiltian ini adalah deskriptif expost facto untuk mengungkap fakta yang berhubungan dengan pengetahuan mahasiswa terhadap software pengolah sitasi dan referensi. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan diberikan. Mahasiswa tingkat ke-empat yang menjadi responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 93 orang. Respon mahasiswa sebelum diberikan pelatihan menyatakan bahwa mahasiswa sudah memiliki pengalaman dalam menulis karya ilmiah dan membuat daftar referensi, akan tetapi masih sedikit yang mengetahui tentang software pengolah sitasi dan referensi. Setelah mengikuti pelatihan, mahasiswa merasakan manfaat dari kegiatan pelatihan dan memahami cara penggunaan software pengolah sitasi dan referensi.

Development of Interactive Multimedia based on Case Method Assisted by Articulate Storyline 3 in General Physics

Based on a survey of students in the PSPF D 2022 class, educators have 100% used smartphones, but some still use them to access things unrelated to learning. The general Physics course allocates three credits with two material credits and one practicum credit. The material can be conveyed thoroughly to students using learning media on Android smartphones, so learning media will be developed based on the Android smartphone operating system, namely Android-based interactive multimedia-based case method assisted by articulate storyline 3 in General Physics. This interactive multimedia will include several media consisting of RPS, material explaining everyday life, images, graphics, example problems, questions, learning videos, and student worksheets. This study aims to develop interactive multimedia that is feasible, practical, and effective and also to determine student responses. The research was conducted at the Physics Department of State University of Medan. This type of research uses the 4D models. The results of study show the percentage of assessment scores for interactive multimedia from material experts is 97% and media experts is 79.2%, the results of a practicality questionnaire 80%, and student responses according to the category 3.58 very effective, 3.61 very practical, 3.43 very safe, 3.38 very satisfied.

Energy Calibration and Inverse-Square Law of Radiation in Gamma-Ray Measurement Using a Scintillation Detector for Laboratory Experiments

Over the past two years, third-year undergraduate students from Toho University’s Department of Physics conducted laboratory experiments on gamma-ray measurement using a scintillation detector. Approximately, 30 experimental data points were collected and subsequently analyzed. The analysis focused on the energy calibration method and the inverse-square law of radiation. Results revealed that employing quadratic or cubic function fits for energy calibration yielded more than twice the accuracy compared to the conventional linear function fit. Regarding the deviation from the inverse-square law of radiation, a correction method utilizing a correction parameter was compared with a power function fit method. The discussion encompassed the correction parameter and the exponent of the power function.

Preface

National Physics Seminar (SNF) 2023 Surabaya State University on the Integration of Free Learning in the Era of Society 5.0 Through Physics Innovation and Physics Education Towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 We proudly present Seminar Nasional Fisika (SNF) 2023, Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Surabaya (Unesa). This year, SNF, held on 26 August 2023 in Surabaya, is an essential event in our academic calendar. In our big theme, “Integration of Independent Learning in the Era of Society 5.0 Through Physics Innovation and Physics Education Towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030,” we try to explore the potential and challenges faced in achieving sustainable development through physics and physics education. The event was held via ZOOM meeting to facilitate SNF participants from within and outside the country. Participants are also unrestricted by time, accommodation, and other activity agendas.The success of SNF 2023 will only be possible with valuable contributions from various parties. We are very grateful to our three keynote speakers, namely Prof. Ir. Adi Susilo, Ph.D., Prof. Dr. Parmin, M.Pd, and Prof. Nadi Suprapto, Ph.D., who have provided in-depth insight into the development of physics and physics education in the Society 5.0 era. Thank you also to the Dean of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMNS) Unesa, Prof. Dr. Wasis, M.Si, who gave an inspiring opening speech.The event was held in two sessions: plenary and parallel session. The plenary session presented three keynote speakers. The parallel sessions were attended by invited speakers and authors presenting their papers and held in eight breakout room groups. As a scientific forum, SNF 2023 was attended by 443 participants consisting of students, teachers, lecturers, engineers, and practitioners who participated both as presenters and participants. The SNF 2023 aims to share ideas and knowledge and build collaboration. We received 81 papers selected for publication in the Journal of Physics: Conference Series with a scope of physics and related fields. In this volume, we accepted 52 papers for publication after fulfilling the scope, checking for originality, and conducting peer review. We hope this event can be a starting point for welcoming global developments. Besides, the publications packaged in this seminar will further strengthen the existence and reputation of the physics department as an educational institution that is superior in scientific publications at national and international levels. The research results must be disseminated widely to be scientifically valuable and provide practical value to society.One of the scientific fields that can significantly contribute to technological development is physics. Physics is a fundamental science used in future technological developments in creating various super-sophisticated technologies to support the development of more modern industries. As in physics education, it is hoped that graduates will not only have physics knowledge but also skills in life, such as creativity, critical thinking, communication, and collaboration through curriculum development and physics learning by utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT), Virtual reality (VR), Augmented reality (AR), and Artificial Intelligence (AI). Using various efforts such as research and technological development in Physics as well as curriculum development and physics learning to confront the era of society 5.0, we can increase awareness and improve the atmosphere for creating innovation that supports the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).The event organizing committee and editorial team hope you enjoy reading this volume of JPCS. In addition, we would like to express our deepest gratitude to the keynote speakers, invited speakers, and all presenters who have provided valuable contributions to this proceeding and the reviewers for their suggestions and constructive criticism in improving the articles presented. On behalf of the SNF 2023 committee, we thank all parties for supporting this publication. We want to invite the participants again to participate in SNF 2024, held by the Department of Physics FMNS Unesa.List of Seminar Nasional Fisika (SNF) 2023 Committee is available in this Pdf.

PEREGRINATIONS ON THE STUDY OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF NONSPHERICAL PARTICLES

PEREGRINATIONS ON THE STUDY OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF NONSPHERICAL PARTICLES

Development of Hybrid Learning Multimedia Assisted by Telegram in Modern Physics

After the covid 19 period ended, learning at Medan State University was conducted face-to-face and online, creating good learning media and design is part of the effort to achieve learning objectives effectively as mandated by the education system. This study aims to develop hybrid learning multimedia assisted by telegram, which is feasible, practical and makes students independent and influential. The research was conducted at the Physics Department of State University of Medan. The phases that will be carried out during the research are needs analysis, design of learning multimedia, development and validation of learning multimedia, implementation of multimedia to students, and internal and external evaluation. The resulting product is a learning multimedia that will be applied to partners, namely students of the Physics Department who take Modern Physics courses. This multimedia was sent to the Telegram group class of 2021 B and 2021 C students. The results of this study are: (a) the percentage of assessment scores for learning multimedia from material experts is 81% and the percentage of assessment scores from media experts is 83% (b) the percentage of student independence questionnaires is 83.8% (c) the percentage of student practicality questionnaires is 88.2% (d) N-gain for PSPF 2021-B is obtained, the result obtained is 0.23 because N-gain <0.23 in the low category and N-gain for PSPF 2021-C is obtained, the result obtained is 0.3 in the medium category.

STUDENTS' HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS AND SELF REGULATED LEARNING ON GENERAL BIOLOGY COURSE OF FIRST SCIENCE STUDENTS' OF FMIPA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN

ABSTRACTThe aims of the study are to determine the application of higher order thinking skills and student self-regulated learning in the General Biology Course, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Medan. This research was conducted in the departments of Mathematics, Physics, Biology, Chemistry, Science and Computer Science. Sampling was done by random sampling, by taking 6 classes from different majors. The type of this research is descriptive-quantitative research. The number of higher order thinking skills tests was 15 items and self-regulated learning tests were 40 items. The test is validated first before being used as a research instrument, followed by a validity test of the instrument, a reliability test, a test of the level of difficulty and distinguishing power. The results showed that the application of students' higher-order thinking skills in the General Biology course at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences was still in the low category. This can be seen from the results of the Mathematics Education class B, as much as 3% is in the perfect category, 28% is in the very good category, 7% is in the good category, and 60% is in the low category. In Physics Education class A, 38% are in the Perfect category, 38% are in the very good category, and 23% are in the low category. In the Biology A education class, 30% are in the perfect category, 5% are in the good category, and 65% are in the low category. In the Non-educational Chemistry class A, 28% were in the Perfect category, 17% were in the very good category, and 50% were in the low category. In IPA B class, 14% are in the perfect category, 28% are in the very good category, and 57% are in the low category. In computer science class C, 17% are in the perfect category, 33% are in the good category, and 50% are in the low category. Meanwhile, Self-Regulated Learning for Students of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences in the General Biology course is included in good categories, this is because the application of the KKNI curriculum accustoms students to be able to study independently through the assignment of six compulsory assignments for students. Keyword: higher order thinking skills, self regulated learning, general biology.

Design and Manufacture of Rainfall Measuring Instruments Based on Android Smartphone and ATmega328P Microcontroller Using Hall Effect Sensor

Aims: To produce low-cost measuring instruments with high accuracy, which are expected to be used as a reference in developing rainfall observation instruments to reduce observation costs.
 Study Design: Design of Rainfall measuring instruments based on Android Smartphone and ATmega328P microcontroller using hall effect sensor.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physics, Udayana University, and Indonesian Agency of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG), Region-III Badung, from June 2022 to August 2022.
 Methodology: Calibration is done by comparing the output value of the rainfall measuring instruments using hall effect sensor and the BMKG calibration standard tool. The calibrated parameter is rainfall. The relationship between the measurement values of the design tool and the standard tool is determined using linear regression method to obtain a correction equation.
 Results: Rainfall measuring instruments based on Android Smartphone and ATmega328P microcontroller using hall effect sensor have been produced. The measurement accuracy obtained for the rainfall parameter is 97.97% with uncertainty (U95) of 0.06 mm/min. The accuracy value indicates that the resulting tool has a good level of accuracy to the standard tool.
 Conclusion: In this research, has been produced a rainfall measuring instrument at a low-cost with high accuracy and precision, which has been calibrated with BMKG standard tool.

Characterization of the Airborne Microbiome in Different Indoor and Outdoor Locations of a University Building Using an Innovative Compositional Data Analysis Approach

In this work, we investigated the structure of the airborne bacterial community obtained by 16S rRNA gene sequencing performed on aerosol samples from different indoor and outdoor locations. The 48-h aerosol samples were collected in two laboratories, in the corridors, and on the roof of the Mathematics and Physics Department of the University of Salento (Italy). The investigation was carried out through the application of an innovative compositional data analysis approach, mainly based on a centered log-ratio transformation as a standardization procedure, the Aitchison distance for data ordination, and the principal component analysis via singular value decomposition for data clustering. This methodology allowed us to explore the main relationships among samples, identifying different results between indoor and outdoor samples both at the genus level and at the species level. Bacillus and Pseudomonas represented the most abundant genera identified in the analyzed samples. Out of the 21 identified bacterial species with the highest abundances in the collected aerosol samples, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Propionibacterium acnes, Diplorickettsia massiliensis, and Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum were the only four commonly classified as human opportunistic pathogens. Among the genera mostly associated with indoor environments, Hymenobacter and Arthrobacter could be noted as including many species that are unique in being radiation resistant.