Physics Approach Research Articles

Relativistic quantum scarring, spin-induced phase, and quantization in a symmetric Dirac billiard system

Thirty-five years ago, Sir Michael Berry and his collaborator Mondragon studied the behaviors of neutrino, a massless relativistic quantum particle, in a classically chaotic billiard—the neutrino billiard problem. To celebrate Sir Michael Berry’s eightieth birthday, here we report results on the role of geometric symmetries of the billiard system in relativistic quantum scarring. In particular, we investigate a Dirac billiard system with a four-fold rotational symmetry whose classical dynamics are fully chaotic. The system is described by the massless Dirac equation in the fundamental domain that consists of one fourth of the full billiard, with proper boundary conditions on the symmetry lines to preserve the physical properties under the symmetry operations. We show that the relativistic quantum characteristics of spin induced phase play a fundamental role in the quantum behaviors of the Dirac particle in the billiard. We find that the peaks in the length spectra are due to the interference of states circling the fundamental domain orbits (FDOs) in opposite propagating directions, which can be constructive or destructive depending on the accumulated phases. In addition, we derive the quantization conditions of the scarring states about the unstable periodic orbits within the fundamental domain from the phase along the FDOs. Our work is a vivid demonstration that relativistic quantum scarring, or more generally quantum manifestations of classical chaos, can be fully understood by analyzing the behaviors of the geometric phase—a powerful approach in modern physics pioneered by Sir Michael Berry.

Gravity models of networks: Integrating maximum-entropy and econometric approaches

The World Trade Web (WTW) is the network of international trade relationships among world countries. Characterizing both the local link weights (observed trade volumes) and the global network structure (large-scale topology) of the WTW via a single model is still an open issue. While the traditional Gravity Model (GM) successfully replicates the observed trade volumes by employing macroeconomic properties such as GDP and geographic distance, it unfortunately predicts a fully connected network, returning a completely unrealistic topology of the WTW. To overcome this problem, two different classes of models have been introduced in econometrics and statistical physics. Econometric approaches interpret the traditional GM as the expected value of a probability distribution that can be chosen largely arbitrarily and tested against alternative distributions. Statistical physics approaches construct maximum-entropy probability distributions of (weighted) graphs from a chosen set of measurable, structural constraints and test distributions resulting from different constraints. Here we compare and integrate the two approaches by considering a class of maximum-entropy models that can incorporate macroeconomic properties used in standard econometric models. We find that the integrated approach achieves an overall better performance than the purely econometric one. These results suggest that the maximum-entropy construction can serve as a viable econometric framework wherein extensive and intensive margins can be separately controlled for, by combining topological constraints and dyadic macroeconomic variables.

Interpretation the olfactory perception of musk tibetene, muscone and dihydrocivetone on the human musk olfactory receptor OR5AN1 via an advanced statistical physics modeling

An adsorption mechanism of three odorants, namely musk tibetene, muscone and dihydrocivetone, on the human musk olfactory receptor OR5AN1 has been investigated using the grand canonical ensemble in statistical physics. Experimental concentration-olfactory response curves have been fitted using two advanced models derived from statistical physics approach by numerical simulation that showed a good correlation between the advanced adsorption models and the experimental data. The adequate model, that was the monolayer adsorption model with identical and independent binding sites (MM), allowed recovering important information about the adsorption process putatively introduced in the olfactory perception by determining the maximum response at saturation (RM), the fraction or the number of captured musk molecule(s) per binding site (n) and the adsorption energy (ΔEa) by referring to the concentration at half saturation (C1), which could correspond mainly to the odorant-human olfactory receptor binding cavity interaction energy.For the three studied olfactory systems, the adsorption energies from dissolved state in module calculated from experimental data modeling were ranged from 5.98 to 9.93 kJ/mol, which could be associated to a physisorption mechanism. The monolayer model (MM) was additionally applied to determine the human musk olfactory receptor binding site (cavity) size distribution (RSD). Indeed, musk tibetene, muscone and dihydrocivetone RSDs were spread out from 0.3 to 16 nm, from 1 nm to 16 nm and from 1 nm to 16 nm, respectively, with a maximum of order of 2.3 nm, 3.4 nm and 3 nm, respectively. In addition, the adsorption energy distribution (AED) can be also estimated for the energetic characterization to confirm the heterogeneity of the OR5AN1 surface, the physical nature of the musk tibetene/muscone/dihydrocivetone-OR5AN1 interactions and the binding of the human musk olfactory receptor OR5AN1 with the three musk odorants for a better understanding of the olfaction process in general through the determination of an olfactory band (AED band) of order of 16 kJ/mol [2–18 kJ/mol], 8 kJ/mol [2–10 kJ/mol] and 9.5 kJ/mol [3–12.5 kJ/mol] for musk tibetene, muscone and dihydrocivetone, respectively.

Identify multiple seeds for influence maximization by statistical physics approach and multi-hop coverage

Finding the influential vertexes as seeds in a real network is an important problem which relates to wide applications. However, some conventional heuristic methods do not consider the overlap phenomenon. In order to avoid the overlap of spreading, we propose a new method in combing the statistical physics approach and multi-hop coverage. We also propose a faster epidemic model which does not need the averaging of stochastic behavior. Through the computer simulation, the obtained results show that our method can outperforms other conventional methods in the meaning of stronger spreading power per seed.

A Survey of Data Science Approaches in Physics

Abstract— Now a days data is growing rapidly and Data science has become central attraction for many scientist in latest discoveries . This paper presents a review of various data science approaches which can be used in physics. This paper will elaborate how data science ( Specially Machine Learning ) helped Physics discoveries in past and how data science can help physics in future. Keywords— Survey, Machine Learning, Neural Network, Higgs Boson, Astrophysics

Tropical Mirror Symmetry in Dimension One

We prove a tropical mirror symmetry theorem for descendant Gromov-Witten invariants of the elliptic curve, generalizing the tropical mirror symmetry theorem for Hurwitz numbers of the elliptic curve, Theorem 2.20 in [B\"ohm J., Bringmann K., Buchholz A., Markwig H., J. Reine Angew. Math. 732 (2017), 211-246, arXiv:1309.5893]. For the case of the elliptic curve, the tropical version of mirror symmetry holds on a fine level and easily implies the equality of the generating series of descendant Gromov-Witten invariants of the elliptic curve to Feynman integrals. To prove tropical mirror symmetry for elliptic curves, we investigate the bijection between graph covers and sets of monomials contributing to a coefficient in a Feynman integral. We also soup up the traditional approach in mathematical physics to mirror symmetry for the elliptic curve, involving operators on a Fock space, to give a proof of tropical mirror symmetry for Hurwitz numbers of the elliptic curve. In this way, we shed light on the intimate relation between the operator approach on a bosonic Fock space and the tropical approach.

Investigation of fragmentation reactions of exotic nuclei in a high-energy approximation

Studies of the properties of nuclei remote from the "valley of nuclear stability" make it possible to predict the properties of new nuclides based on systematic accumulations of data on the structure of nuclear matter. New phenomena in the behavior of nuclear matter are also being discovered. Such cores are called "exotic". The production of exotic nuclei is a multi-stage process, during which various approaches of theoretical and experimental physics are applied. One of the ways to obtain nuclei are fragmentation reactions of relatively light nuclei with high energy (more than 100 MeV), as a result of which exotic nuclei with different A and Z can be obtained. In this article, a study of the applicability of the high-energy approximation (HEA) in modeling such direct nuclear reactions was conducted and the results of comparing this approach with the exact solution of the Schrodinger equation using the example of a rectangular potential barrier and a Gaussian potential barrier are presented. Comparison of different approaches provides an understanding of the limitations of their applicability for further study of the properties of nuclei in interaction with each other and for solving the Schrodinger equation with similar potentials considered.

Time and Quantum Clocks: A Review of Recent Developments

In this review we present the problem of time in quantum physics, including a short history of the problem and the known objections about considering time as a quantum observable. The need to deal with time as an observable is elaborated through some unresolved problems. The lack of a consistent theory of time is currently hindering the formulation of a full-fledged theory of quantum gravity. It is argued that the proposal set forth by several authors of considering an intrinsic measurement of quantum time, besides having the conventional external time, is compelling. Recently several suggestions have been put forward to revive the proposal of Page and Wootters (1983), elaborating and resolving some of the main ambiguities of the original proposal and opening new scope for understanding its content. The approach followed in these new contributions exposes the need to go beyond the limitations enforced by the conventional approach of quantum physics. The attitude of covariant loop quantum gravity, in which it is called to completely ignore time, is also discussed. This review could be a step forward in an endeavour to reform our outlook of the unification of the theory of relativity and quantum physics by furnishing the conceptual ground needed for this goal. Intentionally, some technical details are avoided since we aim to present the approaches to resolve the problem in a simple way with the clearest possible outlook. These can be looked up in the original references provided.

God (≡ Elohim), The First Small World Network

In this article, the approach of network mapping of words in literary texts is extended to “textual factors”: the network nodes are defined as “concepts”; the links are “community connexions.” Thereafter, the text network properties are investigated along modern statistical physics approaches of networks, thereby relating network topology and algebraic properties to literary text contents. As a practical illustration, the first chapter of Genesis in the Bible is mapped into a 10-node network, as in the Kabbalah approach, mentioning God (≡ Elohim). The characteristics of the network are studied starting from its adjacency matrix and the corresponding Laplacian matrix. Triplets of nodes are particularly examined in order to emphasize the “textual (community) connexions” of each agent “emanation,” through the so-called clustering coefficients and the overlap index, hence measuring the “semantic flow” between the different nodes. It is concluded that this graph is a small world network and weakly dis-assortative, because its average local clustering coefficient is significantly higher than a random graph constructed on the same vertex set.

Introducing Quantum Mechanics through light polarization: Experiences in Hungary

In the 2019/20 school year I directed a teaching unit on quantum mechanics based on light polarization which enriched me with several experiences. Sometimes I faced problems because the obligatory Hungarian curriculum based on the wave nature of particles does not fit perfectly with the polarization approach of quantum physics. Nevertheless, I presented the polarization approach to my physics teacher colleagues too. Then I recognized some of the difficulties of Hungarian physics teachers in relation to this approach because they used to apply the wave approach. Thus, teacher training programmes should include the foundations of different approaches on equal footing, and in my opinion, teacher education should also respond to secondary school opportunities. In this article, I summarize the problems that may arise in applying the polarization approach in countries where wave formalism has a great tradition, like in Hungary. I also show why I personally prefer a 2-state approach in secondary school instead of the traditional wave formalism, and present what I have learned as a teacher. I highlight some of the requirements that arise when we intend to use polarization approach in physics teacher training programmes, and I make suggestions for teacher education too.

Quantum Current Algebra in Action: Linearization, Integrability of Classical and Factorization of Quantum Nonlinear Dynamical Systems

This review is devoted to the universal algebraic and geometric properties of the non-relativistic quantum current algebra symmetry and to their representations subject to applications in describing geometrical and analytical properties of quantum and classical integrable Hamiltonian systems of theoretical and mathematical physics. The Fock space, the non-relativistic quantum current algebra symmetry and its cyclic representations on separable Hilbert spaces are reviewed and described in detail. The unitary current algebra family of operators and generating functional equations are described. A generating functional method to constructing irreducible current algebra representations is reviewed, and the ergodicity of the corresponding representation Hilbert space measure is mentioned. The algebraic properties of the so called coherent states are also reviewed, generated by cyclic representations of the Heisenberg algebra on Hilbert spaces. Unbelievable and impressive applications of coherent states to the theory of nonlinear dynamical systems on Hilbert spaces are described, along with their linearization and integrability. Moreover, we present a further development of these results within the modern Lie-algebraic approach to nonlinear dynamical systems on Poissonian functional manifolds, which proved to be both unexpected and important for the classification of integrable Hamiltonian flows on Hilbert spaces. The quantum current Lie algebra symmetry properties and their functional representations, interpreted as a universal algebraic structure of symmetries of completely integrable nonlinear dynamical systems of theoretical and mathematical physics on functional manifolds, are analyzed in detail. Based on the current algebra symmetry structure and their functional representations, an effective integrability criterion is formulated for a wide class of completely integrable Hamiltonian systems on functional manifolds. The related algebraic structure of the Poissonian operators and an effective algorithm of their analytical construction are described. The current algebra representations in separable Hilbert spaces and the factorized structure of quantum integrable many-particle Hamiltonian systems are reviewed. The related current algebra-based Hamiltonian reconstruction of the many-particle oscillatory and Calogero–Moser–Sutherland quantum models are reviewed and discussed in detail. The related quasi-classical quantum current algebra density representations and the collective variable approach in equilibrium statistical physics are reviewed. In addition, the classical Wigner type current algebra representation and its application to non-equilibrium classical statistical mechanics are described, and the construction of the Lie–Poisson structure on the phase space of the infinite hierarchy of distribution functions is presented. The related Boltzmann–Bogolubov type kinetic equation for the generating functional of many-particle distribution functions is constructed, and the invariant reduction scheme, compatible with imposed correlation functions constraints, is suggested and analyzed in detail. We also review current algebra functional representations and their geometric structure subject to the analytical description of quasi-stationary hydrodynamic flows and their magneto-hydrodynamic generalizations. A unified geometric description of the ideal idiabatic liquid dynamics is presented, and its Hamiltonian structure is analyzed. A special chapter of the review is devoted to recent results on the description of modified current Lie algebra symmetries on torus and their Lie-algebraic structures, related to integrable so-called heavenly type spatially many-dimensional dynamical systems on functional manifolds.

Identification of Carbonate Reservoir Prospective Zones Using Rock Physics Approach and Extended Elastic Impedance (EEI) in “BAP” Field, South Sumatera Basin

One type of reservoir that has a large enough potential is the carbonate reservoir. Carbonate reservoir has heterogeneity in relation to pore shape, so it is necessary to apply a specific rock physics approach and seismic inversion which takes into account the elastic parameters of the rock in order to know the prospect zone of the carbonate reservoir. The rock physics approach taken is to estimate the modulus of the matrix and the estimation of the aspect ratio shows that the prospect carbonate has an aspect ratio range of 0.10 - 0.30 dominated by the pore shape of the Stiff Pore. Seismic inversion shows using extended elastic impedance shows carbonate porous (Mu-Rho < 33 GPa*g/cc) and saturated hydrocarbons (Lambda-Rho < 40 GPa*g/cc) are in the middle area (around the well) where the lateral spread is getting thinner with a thickness of up to 10 ms. The prospect zone analysis from rock physics modeling and extended elastic impedance shows that reef Baturaja Formation carbonate is a zone that has a good reservoir quality dominated by a pore shape that develops is stiff pore.

Rock Acoustics of Diagenesis and Cementation

We simulate the effects of diagenesis, cementation and compaction on the elastic properties of shales and sandstones with four different petro-elastic theories and a basin-evolution model, based on constant heating and sedimentation rates. We consider shales composed of clay minerals, mainly smectite and illite, depending on the burial depth, and the pore space is assumed to be saturated with water at hydrostatic conditions. Diagenesis in shale (smectite/illite transformation here) as a function of depth is described by a fifth-order kinetic equation, based on an Arrhenius reaction rate. On the other hand, quartz cementation in sandstones is based on a model that estimates the volume of precipitated quartz cement and the resulting porosity loss from the temperature history, using an equation relating the precipitation rate to temperature. Effective pressure effects (additional compaction) are accounted for using the Athy equation and the Hertz–Mindlin model. The petro-elastic models yield similar seismic velocities, despite the different levels of complexity and physics approaches, with increasing density and seismic velocities as a function of depth. The methodology provides a simple procedure to obtain the velocity of shales and sandstones versus temperature and pressure due to the diagenesis-cementation-compaction process.

Statistical and physical interpretation of dye adsorption onto low-cost biomass by using simulation methods

In this work, statistical physics approach has been developed to investigate the adsorption of Basic Blue 3G dye onto low-cost biomass (coffee residues). Thermodynamic, energetic, and stereographic parameters controlling the dye adsorption were theoretically determined. Five models have been suggested as monolayers, double layers and three layers. Additionally, steric and energetic factors related to the adsorption process, such as the number of adsorbed molecules per site (n1, n2, n3), the receptor sites density (N1m, N2m, N3m), and the concentration at half-saturation have been taken into account. Thermodynamic potential functions such as internal energy Eint, entropy S and Gibbs free energy G have been analyzed and the selection of the models is coherently based on assumptions in good correlation with experimental conditions/findings. All the investigated parameters were deduced by using an adequate numerical fitting method. A detailed exploration of adsorption isotherms at microscopic scale was presented. The steric study explained the increase of the amount adsorbed at saturation as function of temperature. The discussion about energies showed that the adsorption was physical and exothermic, where the interactions are mainly of Debye and London type. The entropy quantification clearly demonstrated that the disorder increased before half-saturation and decreased after half-saturation, while the findings of free enthalpy and internal energy confirmed exothermicity and spontaneity.

Efektifitas LKPD Model Inquiry Based Learning dengan Pendekatan Saintifik pada Pembelajaran Fisika Abad 21

The achievement of the competence of class XI students in learning Physics was not yet optimal. One of the contributing factors was that the available student worksheets (LKPD) did not contain the model steps and learning approaches that led it to the student activities. This study aimed to produce LKPD using an inquiry-based learning model that integrated creative thinking skills with a scientific approach in 21st century physics learning for class XI semester 1 with valid, practical and effective criteria. This type of research was development research using the Plomp model with three phases, there were preliminary research, development or prototyping phase, and assessment phase. Research instruments included preliminary study questionnaires, validity questionnaires, practical questionnaires, observation sheets, written tests, and skills assessment sheets. Meanwhile the technique for effectiveness analysis , it used the descriptive percentages for analysis of effectiveness in terms of skills and Normalized Gain (N-gain) for percentages for cognitive effectiveness analysis. The results of the effectiveness of the use student worksheet at the assessment phase show that the achievement of student competence through N-gain calculations is 0,8. Thus, it could be concluded that the student worksheet using an inquiry-based learning model that integrated creative thinking skills with a scientific approach in physics learning in the 21st century class XI SMA met the effective criteria.

The urgency of the multi-model approach in learning environmental physics to achieve learning goals

The urgency of the multi-model approach in learning environmental physics to achieve learning goals

Effect of 5Es Instructional Model on Achievement of Secondary Level Students in Physics

The use of the 5Es instructional model develops a deep conceptual understanding of learning in sciences. The study was conducted on a sample of 80 students who were randomly selected from a public school in district Sargodha during the academic session 2020-2021. For this study, a pretest-post test control group design was used. An intervention program based on a constructive learning approach and academic achievement test in physics were used. The study's main objective is to determine the effectiveness of secondary students' achievement in physics through the 5Es instructional model and lecture method. An achievement test was administered to both groups as a pre and post-test in order to assess their achievements. The data obtained were tabulated and analyzed by using SPSS to means,standard deviation and t-value. It is concluded that instruction based on 5Es instructional model caused significantly better achievement as compared to the lecture method. It is therefore recommended that5Es instructional model may be organized as an essential component for in-service and pre-service teachers' training programs.

The urgency of the multi-model approach in learning environmental physics to achieve learning goals

Some learning models that can improve creative thinking skills are CPS (Creative Problem Solving), IBL (Inquiry-Based Learning), JUCAMA (Problem Submission and Solving), PBL (Problem Based Learning), SSCS (Search, Solve, Create, Share), Quantum Learning, PjBL (Project Based Learning) and PQ4R (Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite, Review). However, the combination of IBL, PBL, and PjBL models in one teaching activity is essential to create exciting and dynamic learning conditions. These three models have a more structured learning syntax than the other models. The IBL learning model has advantages in cognitive aspects, helping students develop advanced cognitive abilities such as creative thinking, problem-solving, and communication skills. The PBL model has advantages in the affective part, namely, making students active in learning. The PBL learning model has advantages in the psychomotor aspect, namely being able to assist students in improving the skills of the questioning process and communicating their knowledge. By applying these three models in learning, it is hoped that a model can be realized to improve students' creative thinking skills more optimally in order to achieve learning goals.

Pattern capacity of a single quantum perceptron

Recent developments in quantum machine learning have seen the introduction of several models to generalize the classical perceptron to the quantum regime. The capabilities of these quantum models need to be determined precisely in order to establish if a quantum advantage is achievable. Here we use a statistical physics approach to compute the pattern capacity of a particular model of quantum perceptron realized by means of a continuous variable quantum system.

Production of Plant-Based Seafood: Scallop Analogs Formed by Enzymatic Gelation of Pea Protein-Pectin Mixtures.

This study investigated the possibility of using a phase separation, mixing, and enzymatic gelation approach to construct seafood analogs from plant protein-polysaccharide mixtures with properties mimicking real seafood. Heat-denatured pea protein (10%, w/w) and pectin (0–1%, w/w) were mixed to produce phase separated biopolymer blends. These blends were then subjected to mild shearing (350 rpm) to obtain fiber-like structures, which were then placed in molds and set by gelling the pea proteins using transglutaminase (2%, w/w). The appearance, texture, and cooking properties of the resulting scallop analogs were characterized and compared to those of real scallop. The presence of the pectin promoted the formation of a honeycomb structure in the scallop analogs, and microscopic orientation of the proteins was observed in the plane parallel to the applied shear flow. Lower pectin concentrations (0.5%, w/w) led to stronger gels with better water holding capacity than higher ones (1.0%, w/w). The appearance and texture of the plant-based scallop analogs were like those of real scallop after grilling, indicating the potential of using this soft matter physics approach to create plant-based seafood analogs. One of the main advantages of this method is that it does not require any expensive dedicated equipment, such as an extruder or shear cell technology, which may increase its commercial viability.