Physicochemical Parameters Of Water Research Articles

Water Quality Assessment and Heavy Metal Levels in Mudskipper (Periophthalmus Papilio), Sediments and Water of Mangrove Swamps, Rivers State, Nigeria

A study was conducted to determine the physicochemical parameters of surface water and heavy metal concentrations in the mudskipper (Periophthalmus papilio) fish, sediments, and water collected from the Ikpukulu, Kalio, and Ogoloma swamps of Okrika Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria and analysed using standard methods. All samples were collected for six months from three stations in 2023. The results indicate that pH and temperature values were significantly lower across stations in terms of physicochemical properties than standards. However, there was a significant increase in electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and salinity. Ikpukulu had the highest EC (1917 uS/cm), while Kalio had the highest salinity (333.3 ppm). All stations had significant decreases in dissolved oxygen (DO) and biological oxygen demand (BOD), with Ogoloma having the lowest values (DO: 3.2 mg/L, BOD: 2.9 mg/L). Copper and chromium levels were significantly higher than the standards in all stations, while cadmium levels were not significantly different from those in the standards. As compared with the standards, copper levels in water samples were considerably higher, especially in Ogoloma (2.03 mg/kg). Ogoloma had a higher concentration of chromium. Cadmium levels decreased significantly at all stations for the mudskipper (P. papilio). The copper levels in Ogoloma and the chromium levels in Ikpukulu were significantly higher than those in standards. The results of the study suggest an increase in heavy metal concentrations in the mangrove swamp region, emphasising the need for proactive measures to mitigate activities that may adversely affect the aquatic ecosystem and the communities that depend on it.

The Influence of the Biofiltration Method on the Efficiency of Ammonium Nitrogen Removal from Water in Combined Sorption and Nitrification Processes

This study assessed the impact of the method of conducting the biofiltration process on the efficiency of ammonium nitrogen removal from water in combined sorption and nitrification processes. The research was carried out on diatomite deposits using biofiltration with gravity and counter-gravity flow. The following physicochemical water parameters were controlled during the research, including ammonium nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and dissolved oxygen. Unconventional flow turned out to be more beneficial because it allows for optimal use of the entire bed surface, natural regulation of the biofilm thickness, and maintaining constant microbiological activity of the biofilm. The automatic regulation of the biofilm thickness during water flow prevented excessive growth of dead organic matter and limited the development of heterotrophic bacteria. Biofiltration with counter-gravity flow also resulted in reduced oxygen consumption. Regardless of the flow direction used, water after the single-stage biofiltration process was characterized by an increased content of nitrite nitrogen. The introduction of the second stage of filtration made it possible to obtain water that meets the requirements for water intended for human consumption.

Benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators to detect the level of water pollution in the upstream segment of Brantas River Watershed in Malang, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Hertika AMS, Sudaryanti S, Musa M, Amron K, Putra RBDS, Alfarisi MA, Hidayat MR, Pertiwi M, Halimah MF. 2024. Benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators to detect the level of water pollution in the upstream segment of Brantas River Watershed in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 632-643. The Brantas River is the second longest river on the island of Java after the Bengawan Solo River. The current condition of the Brantas River is facing a worrying decline in water quality due to community activities in the surrounding area. This decline can have a negative impact on both aquatic biota and community welfare. To assess water quality, one method involves the use of biological indicators, specifically benthic macroinvertebrates. The objective of this research is to assess the water quality upstream of the Brantas River by using benthic macroinvertebrate as bioindicators. The assessment is based on the community structure, Biological Monitoring Working Party-Average Score Per Taxon (BMWP-ASPT) method and physico-chemical water parameters. This research was conducted at 10 sampling stations with 5 stations located in Batu City and 5 stations located in Malang City. The benthic macroinvertebrate result consists of 8 classes, 53 families. namely Bivalves (2 families), Clitellata (2 families), Gastropoda (5 families), Hirudinea (1 family), Insecta (35 families), Malacostraca (4 families), Oligochaeta (2 families), Polychaeta (1 family), and Turbellaria (1 family). The abundance of macroinvertebrates ranged from 181-2879 individuals/m2, while the diversity index ranged from 0.563-2.988. The evenness index ranged from 0.208-0.870, while the Simpson dominance index ranged from 0.061-0.799. The ASPT range of the upstream segment of Brantas River was found to be between 2.80-6.19, indicating a variation in water conditions from poor to excellent. The physico-chemical water as supporting parameters is still optimal, except for ammonia, total organic matter, and total dissolved parameters that exceed the quality standard. The results of this research show that based on benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators, the BMWP-ASPT index and water quality parameters as support, upstream to downstream the Brantas River watershed in Malang City has poor to very good quality. This is due to anthropogenic activities in land use which can disrupt the quality of aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, local governments need to manage waterfall ecosystems well by controlling human activities around them.

Integrated Assessment of Kirala Kele Wetland Health: Bridging the Gap between Water Quality Parameters and Biotic Components

Abstract The present study was carried out to assess the health of the Kirala Kele Wetland, Sri Lanka, by coupling water quality indices and bioindicators. A total of 12 sampling sites were selected to represent different land-use patterns of the Kirala Kele Wetland using purposive sampling technique, and sampling was conducted from March 2021 to May 2021, on a monthly basis. Triplicated samples (n = 3) were obtained for each sampling event at each sampling site. Aquatic macroinvertebrates were collected from each site to determine the biological water quality using the Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) score. Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI) was calculated to understand the physicochemical parameters of water, and the mean values of physicochemical water quality parameters were compared with the Sri Lankan water quality standards. According to the WAWQI for the different sampling sites, water is not suitable for drinking without treatment. The resulted BMWP score (BMWP = 61) shows that the water quality is acceptable (clean but slightly impacted) for biotic components of the wetland in accordance with the aquatic macroinvertebrates present. Spatial variation in water quality parameters and the aquatic macroinvertebrates were taken into account, and the temporal variation in water quality parameters within the 3 months from March to May was considered.

ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF WATER IN AN INDUSTRIAL SCALE IN POND RACEWAY SYSTEM

The In-pond raceway system is a highly sophisticated innovative aquaculture technology. Many research has been done on the physicochemical characteristics of water. The present study was conducted to measure the physicochemical parameters of water in an In-Pond Raceway System (IPRS). The study employed standard and instrumental methods to investigate a range of physicochemical parameters, including water temperature, pH, DO, TDS, conductivity, ammonia, nitrite, and phosphate. One-way Analysis of Variance was conducted to calculate the variation of physicochemical parameters among the study sites. Statistical analysis showed there was no significant variation of physicochemical parameters (p>0.05) among the experimental sites except DO and ammonia (p<0.05). The experimental study showed that, all the key physicochemical parameters water in IPRS production zone were within the optimum ranges when compared with standard water quality parameters which is the prerequisite to introduce maximum survivability of fish production in IPRS system.

Refining the Occurrence of Viral Encephalopathy and Retinopathy, Photobacteriosis, and Vibriosis in Connection with Seawater Physicochemical Parameters: A Five-Year Case Study

The marine environment and its physicochemical parameters play a pivotal role in the context of fish farming. Fundamental physicochemical factors of water, including temperature (T°C), salinity (S psu), dissolved oxygen (D.O. mg/l), and pH, exert a profound influence on the physiology of farmed aquatic animals and the composition of microbial communities. This study aimed to establish correlations between documented disease occurrences in sea bass intensive rearing and the prevailing physicochemical parameters of water. The objective was to analyse the significance of these parameters in disease outbreaks and develop a predictive model for the outbreak risk of key diseases. To this end, real-time physicochemical data were collected daily over five years (2011-2015) from two fish farms (A and B) located in the Gulf of Argostoli, island of Cephalonia, Western Greece. The focus was on incidences of Viral Encephalopathy and Retinopathy (VER), Photobacteriosis caused by Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (PHDP) and Vibriosis caused by Vibrio anguillarum serotype O1 (VAO1). Statistically significant correlations were found between increasing water temperature and salinity and the occurrence of VER, PHDP, and VAO1 diseases. The reduction of dissolved oxygen, when combined with other parameters, synergistically triggered the manifestation of these three diseases. The study’s findings were discussed within the context of their potential to predict disease outbreaks based on fluctuations in the physicochemical parameters of water and anticipated climate change scenarios.

Allantoin and Tissue Specific Redox Regulation in Mud Crab Scylla serrata under Varied Natural Water Physico-Chemical Parameters

Effects of varied sediment and physico-chemical properties of water on allantoin content in tissues of Scylla serrata and its role in antioxidant homeostasis were investigated. Tissues of crabs were sampled from different coastal natural habitats of S. serrata of India during summer, winter, and rainy seasons and were analyzed to detect the variation in allantoin content and lipid peroxidation (LPx) and oxidative stress (OS) neutralizing antioxidant factors. High allantoin content in hepatopancreas over muscle tissue was observed in all seasons and sampling sites. The correlation coefficient values between allantoin and environmental factors, i.e., temperature, pH, salinity, organic carbon, Mg, and Ca, strongly support the stress-induced allantoin variation level in tissues. The level of allantoin had a negative correlation with levels of ROS, which was probably due to the upregulation of the activity of major antioxidant enzymes and assisting enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and biotransforming enzyme glutathione -s- transferases (GST). A significant seasonal variation in the level of allantoin was correlated with the activity of including superoxide dismutase, catalase, GPx, GR, and GST, which was clearly noticed as a function of abiotic factors. Additionally, the level of allantoin did not correlate with small antioxidant molecules, such as ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione. Discriminant function analysis revealed that the level of allantoin and CAT and GR activities were the major contributing factors for the clear discrimination of groups. Therefore, allantoin can be considered as a significant factor for the seasonal modulation of OS physiology in mud crab Scylla serrata.

Zeta Diversity Reveals the Small Wetland Complex Promotes Biodiversity

Small wetlands provide crucial ecosystem services but are facing widespread loss and degradation. At present, small wetland complexes provide an alternative avenue for conservation; we used a dataset to illustrate how zeta diversity can be assessed in a small wetland complex. The small wetland complex studied consisted of nine hydrologically connected ponds, and all the ponds were connected by narrow ditches. Data collected included the composition of both zooplankton and phytoplankton communities, water physicochemical parameters, and hydrological connectivity. Two ways in which connectivity affects biodiversity, dispersal filtration (path distance-controlled biological diffusion) and environmental filtration (environment-selected species), were quantified. As a result, (1) 46 zooplankton and 119 phytoplankton species were identified, with species richness distribution significantly affected by water properties (explained variances of 68% and 39%, respectively), reflecting significant environmental filtration, and (2) both zooplankton and phytoplankton showed zeta diversity distance decay (p < 0.001), reflecting significant dispersal filtration, and (3) relatively rare species dominated community turnover, in which environmental filtration was far stronger than dispersal filtration. Overall, the small wetland complex in this study was characterized by hydrological connectivity, which not only allowed moderate biological connectivity but also promoted the coexistence of diverse habitats and communities. We emphasize the applicability of zeta diversity for assessing small wetland complexes, further demonstrating the value of small wetland complexes in promoting biodiversity such as species richness and species turnover.

Monitoring Macroinvertebrates as Bioindicators and Water Physicochemical Parameters in the Tambak Rejo River, Sidoarjo.

Monitoring Macroinvertebrates as Bioindicators and Water Physicochemical Parameters in the Tambak Rejo River, Sidoarjo.

Preliminary data on the structure of macroinvertebrate communities and the physicochemical conditions of the Toumanguié and Bosso rivers under the influence of agricultural activities in the Aboisso department (south-east, Côte d'Ivoire)

The Toumanguié agricultural zone in the Sud-Comoé region of south-eastern Côte d'Ivoire contains several agricultural plantations and a dense and varied hydrographic system including the Bosso and Toumanguié rivers. However, knowledge of the ecological status of these two rivers is almost unavailable to the scientific community to assess the impact of agricultural activities. The purpose of this one-off study, carried out in March 2023, was to provide initial data on the physicochemical state and composition of macroinvertebrate communities in these two rivers. Four (4) sampling points were defined on these rivers. Measurements of the water physicochemical parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen transparency, conductivity and pH) were taken in situ between 06:00 and 08:00 in the morning using a multiparameter, and some water samples were taken for the determination of nutrients. Macroinvertebrates were collected using a Van Veen bucket and a dip net. Analysis of the physicochemical parameters showed that the water in the Toumanguié agricultural zone was of relatively good quality and conducive to the survival of aquatic macroinvertebrates. However, the nutrient values indicated that the water was slightly polluted as a result of the degradation of organic matter. 34 taxa belonging to 26 families and 11 orders were identified, with a predominance of insects. Diptera were predominant. The taxa commonly collected in these rivers were: Cricotopus kisantuensis, Polypedilum fuscipenne, Chironominae and Diplonychus sp. The macroinvertebrate communities in these two rivers were not very diversified but were relatively balanced in terms of diversity index values.

Gallery forest species and water quality of the Okpara River in northern Benin

This study aims to understandf the relationships between water quality, vegetation and human activity in the forest gallery of the Okpara River in northern Benin. Within this framework, floristic surveys and measurements of physicochemical parameters were carried out on 48 sites along the watercourse, located in 8 villages bordering the river. Sociodemographic surveys were also carried out among neighboring populations. The densities of Khaya senegalensis, Mitragyna inermis, Vitellaria paradoxa, Cola laurifolia and Isoberlinia doka of the wooded stratum and the recoveries of Andropogon gayanus, Cassia mimosoïdes, Panicum maximum, Andropogon tectorum, Hyptechis suaveolens and Aptechis suaveolens increased from upstream to downstream. The water can be considered as water of average quality according to the parameters measured. It emerged that the density of Berlinia grandiflora, Isoberlinia doka and Combretum glutinosum on one hand, and the recovery of Andropogon gayanus, Cassia mimosoïdes, Detarium microcarpa and Gynandropsis gynandra on other hand were particularly linked to the physicochemical parameters of water. There was a relative strong relationship between the two groups of parameters with the first canonical coefficient estimated at 0.75. The species richness of shrubs and herbaceous plants, water temperature, Biochemical Oxygen Demand for 5 days and, to a lesser extent, dissolved oxygen contributed to the relationship between the two groups of variables. The importance of human activities from upstream to downstream was also a factor that had a detrimental effect on water quality and on the composition of riparian flora. This information is important for a good sustainable management of these resources.

Assessment of water quality and associated human health risk of a tropical freshwater body in Edo State, Nigeria

The quality of freshwater sources is a key factor in sustainable development. This study investigated the water quality suitability of Ossiomo River for human consumption and the implications for public health. Water samples were collected and analysed from October 2021 to March 2022. Results indicated that the water physico-chemical parameters from sampled locations were within their respective National Environmental Standards and Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESRA) permissible limits except for pH (< 6.5), dissolved oxygen (< 6.0mg L−1), cadmium (> 0.005m /L−1), manganese (> 0.05mg L−1) and total hydrocarbon content (>10mg L−1). Comprehensive pollution index (0.4–1.0) and water quality index (251.57–765.37) values indicate that the water body was slightly polluted and unsuitable for human consumption (WQI > 50). Health risk assessment showed that children and adults were predisposed to non-carcinogenic risk (HIoral > 1) and carcinogenic risk (ICR: 1.21E-02 and 2.84E-03) from heavy metals through oral exposure. Natural run-off and anthropogenic activities were identified sources of heavy metals and hydrocarbons within the catchment. The study has provided data for water resource quality monitoring and raised concerns as to the need for immediate action to safeguard the public health of communities surrounding the Ossiomo River, through the provision of alternative sources of potable water.

Assessing the groundwater quality in Ghana's Nanton District: comprehensive evaluation and implications for sustainable management

Abstract This study, conducted in the Nanton District of Northern Ghana, assesses groundwater quality for drinking purposes and examines hydrochemical processes. We collected and analyzed 30 groundwater samples, evaluating their physicochemical properties, microbial content, microbial and physicochemical relationship, and hydrochemistry. Utilizing methods such as the weighted arithmetic water quality index (WQI), Gibbs and Piper diagrams, Stiff plots, scatter plots, and correlation matrices, we aimed to comprehensively understand groundwater quality in the district. Physicochemically, our findings indicate that approximately 83.3% of the groundwater is safe for direct consumption without treatment. However, microbial contamination was prevalent in all samples, rendering them unsafe. Parameters such as iron, manganese, color, turbidity, nitrates, sulfate, and pH were identified as potential influencers of microbial survival in the groundwater. Regarding major ions, sodium (Na+) dominated among cations, while bicarbonate (HCO3-) was the primary anion. Water types were categorized as Na-K-HCO3−, Na-K-Cl-SO42−, Ca-Mg-HCO3−, and mixed water, reflecting the hydrochemical composition. Our analysis revealed that rock weathering, evaporation, ion exchange, and human activities influence groundwater chemistry. We recommend further research to assess groundwater availability for sustainable development in the district. Additionally, continued research is encouraged to enhance our understanding of the correlation between coliform bacteria and physicochemical water parameters.

Evaluation of Floating Net Cage (FNC) in Penerusan Bay, Bali Based on Their Plankton Community

Floating net cages (FNC) are one of the common methods to cultivate fish, in Indonesia, affecting the physicochemical and biological parameters. This study evaluated the water quality conditions in two different FNCs based on the physiochemical and biological parameters. There were four locations to be sampled: two FNC (snappers (KP) and groupers (KR)) and two control sites that were placed outside of FNC (Non-KP and Non-KR). Several water physicochemical parameters were measured, and the plankton community was identified. The observation showed the total suspended solid (TSS) (2.57–2.64 mg/L), pH (8.26–8.3), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (0.75–1.52 mg/L) and orthophosphate (P) (0.008–0.044 mg/L). Furthermore, in certain sites, some parameters did not meet the Indonesian Government Standard No. 22 in 2021, including nitrate concentration (KP, Non-KP, and KR), dissolved oxygen (KR and Non-KR), and P (KR and Non-KR). Meanwhile, the phytoand zooplankton diversity index (H') was 3.61-4.69 and 1.27-2.54, which confirmed that the level of diversity of phytoand zooplankton was high and moderate status. Four sites showed low phyto- and zooplankton dominance levels and were distributed evenly (E ≥ 0.81). This study concludes that based on water quality parameters, KP and KR did not meet the Indonesian Government Regulation in some parameters, but they had a stable ecosystem based on the phytoand zooplankton structure community.

Assessing the Influence of Hand-Dug Well Features and Management on Water Quality

Assessing the Influence of Hand-Dug Well Features and Management on Water Quality

Characterization of the physico-chemical parameters of the surface water in Al-Hoceima Bay, Morocco

Al Hoceima Bay, located on Morocco's Mediterranean coast, is a very important ecosystem characterized mainly by seaside tourism and sea fishing. Continental inputs and climate change generally contribute to modifying the environmental parameters that characterize coastal waters. This work aims to characterize the seasonal and spatial variation of the physico-chemical parameters of the surface waters of Al-Hoceima Bay during an annual cycle in the context of global change. Four sampling campaigns (autumn, winter, spring, summer) were conducted during the period 2022-2023 in a sampling network of 15 stations covering all areas of the bay. Surface water samples were collected and analyzed by a multi-parameter instrument. The results show a significant seasonal variation (p &lt; 0.01) for parameters analyzed. Temperatures ranged from 15.59°C to 21.8°C, pH ranged from 7.8 to 8.4. Dissolved oxygen ranged from 3.7 mg/l to 7 mg/l. Salinity ranged from 35.7 g/l to 39.5 g/l. Conductivity ranged from 54 ms/cm to 56.5 ms/cm.

Prominence of environmental and anthropogenic agents on the occurrence of coral reef bleaching syndrome and coral diseases

Coral reefs are the most productive ecosystems on Earth. They ensure the conservation of biodiversity and are a live habitat for 25% of all marine organisms. The main relationship on the coral reef is the symbiosis between corals and algae from the genus Symbiodinium (commonly called zooxanthellae). The authors of this publication have characterized and described the factors limiting the occurrence of coral reefs, including: water temperature, salinity, access to sunlight, contamination, physicochemical and hydromechanical parameters of water. Moreover anthropogenic threats to coral reefs have been specified, including diving tourism, ecological disasters (e.g. oil spills) and the development of marine aquaristics. Rapid changes in the basic living conditions are dangerous for corals and their symbionts and may cause the unsuitability of the new environment resulting in diseases such as coral bleaching. Corals bleaching is a disease associated with the break of the coral and algae relationship which results in a coral reef death on a global scale. Awareness of these negative factors, often related to human activity, may allow us to better understand the ecological processes that are the basis of reef functioning and might enable us to prevent and oppose to the changes and ecological recessions of coral reefs.

Hydrochemical characterization of the natural Tamda Lake and its environs (Middle Atlas, Morocco)

The Middle Atlas region, distinguished by its diverse natural landscapes, hosts approximately forty lakes, each formed through unique geological processes, predominantly tectonic movements and karst phenomena. This research focuses on a specific case study of a lake formed by a landslide within the northern Middle Atlas. Employing both field and laboratory water analysis techniques, this study meticulously evaluates the physico-chemical parameters of the lake's water and its adjacent aquatic systems. The primary objective is to delineate the physico-chemical quality of the water in Tamda Lake and to elucidate its hydrological attributes, thereby contributing to the broader understanding of limnological dynamics in geologically diverse terrains. This investigation not only sheds light on the physico-chemical status and hydrological behavior of Tamda Lake but also enhances our comprehension of lake formation processes in the Middle Atlas, offering insights into the environmental and geological factors influencing water quality in naturally occurring lakes.

CORROSION OF CARBON STEEL AND SOME OTHER METALS IN FRESH WATER OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES (HS)

Using the method of gravimetric and electrochemical measurements, the corrosion rate of St3 steel in the water basins of the Takhtakerpi and Shemkirchay hydroelectric power stations has been determined. To establish the expected corrosivity of water, the chemical composition and some physicochemical parameters of the above waters have been determined. As a result of long-term measurements carried out over one year, it has established that steel in the water basins of the Takhtakerpi and Shemkirchay hydroelectric power stations corrodes at a rate of 0.04 g/m2 h and (0.07÷0.08) g/m2 h, respectively. And in the atmosphere of these hydroelectric power plants, steel corrodes at a low rate, approximately an order of magnitude lower. Analysis of water taken from these hydroelectric power stations showed a very low content of corrosive ions, the concentration of which, especially in the Shemkirchay reservoir, corresponds to spring water. By taking polarization curves it has been established that the rate of steel corrosion is controlled by the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water

Prevalence of Cercariae Infection in Snails From the Lymnaeidae and Physidae Families in Aquatic Regions of Guilan Province, Northern Iran, and the Effect of Some Physicochemical Parameters of Water on Snail Abundance and Infection Rate

Background: Some freshwater snails are as intermediate hosts of human and animal parasitic trematode. Study on freshwater snails’ fauna and cercariae infection play important role to detect sources of infection. Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine diversity and cercariae infection of Lymnaeidae and Physidae freshwater snails and effects of physicochemical parameters of water on their abundance and distribution in Guilan province, North of Iran. Methods: Over one year, a total of 117 regions in Guilan province were investigated for Lymnaeidae and Physidae freshwater snails and identified. Water samples of each region was also collected for physicochemical analyses. Identified snails were examined for cercariae infection by shedding method. Results: Of 39,486 collected snails, three species of two genera including 19,726 Lymnaea auricularia (49.96%), 4911 L. palustris (12.44%), and 14849 Physa acuta (37.6%) were identified. Cercariae infection rate was 2.36%. Identified cercariae were xiphidiocercariae (0.94%), echinostome (0.8%), furcocercous (0.44%), lophocercous (0.16%), and gymnocephalous (0.02%). The highest infection rate was in spring (3.37%). Temperature and pH had inverse effect and salinity and water electrical conductivity had direct effects on snails’ density. Conclusion: Two genera of Lymnaea and Physa exist in examined aquatic habitats of Guilan province, North of Iran in different seasons of a year. The physicochemical parameters of water had effects on distribution and snails’ density and also abundance of cercariae infection in them.