Physicochemical Characteristics Of Groundwater Research Articles

Assessment of physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater: A case study

Aims: This study focused on the determination of various physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater and to perform a statistical analysis to determine the relationship between the measured parameters. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out during April-May 2011, in Vellore city, India. The various physico-chemical characteristics such as pH, turbidity, chlorides, acidity, alkalinity, sulphates, dissolved oxygen, and hardness were determined by following the procedure prescribed by American Public Health Association standard methods. This study was carried out to ensure the quality of groundwater to make use of it for domestic purpose by comparing the analytical results with the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water quality standards. A statistical study such as correlation analysis and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) ver. 20 software. The correlation analysis was performed for measured parameters to determine the relationship between the variables. The One-way ANOVA was applied to estimate the uncertainty in measured values. Results: All the measured parameters are within the permissible limit as per WHO and BIS. The statistical analysis for all the parameters has revealed a positive correlation and the F test values are significant at 95% level. Conclusion: From the investigation results, it can be concluded that the water quality of the study area is fit for domestic purposes. The descriptive statistics of the parameters analyzed along with correlation matrix and one-way analysis proved that there is no variation among the measured parameters.

Some physico-chemical characteristics of ground water in Rwanda

The aim of this study was to assess the quality of groundwater from different regions in Rwanda. Around 40 samples from springs, boreholes and wells were analyzed from 2004 to 2009. Apart from the in situ analysis of temperature, pH, conductivity and TDS using multimeter, conductimeter and pH-meter; nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus compounds), fluorides and chlorides were analyzed by UV-Spectrophotometer while heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The results were compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for drinking water. It was found that 69.4% for pH, 74.07% for conductivity, 5.5 % for the total hardness, 23.8% for TDS of the samples were above the WHO limits. The nutrients results showed that 9.09% for nitrates, 43.33% nitrites of samples exceeded the recommended. The heavy metals concentrations (Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe and Mn levels) in some of the samples were found to be above the guidelines of WHO with 8% for Fe, 39% for Cr, 69.7% for Mn, 60% for Pb, 56% for Cd and 3.3% for Cu. These results indicated different levels of pollution in groundwater of Rwanda. A detailed study looking at different plausible pollution sources should be conducted in order to validate the results and advice on environmental protection of this precious source of drinking water.

Assessment of groundwater quality in the flood plains of upper Palar River, India

Groundwater is generally presumed to be good for human consumption and is used as a main source of drinking water. Although there are numerous reasons for groundwater pollution, anthropogenic sources are considered as the prime ones. In this study, twenty-two groundwater samples were collected from the flood plains of upper Palar River during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons to assess the extent of pollution and effects on human health. Physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater were analyzed and compared with those of drinking water standards recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). The Piper’s trilinear diagram shows the nature of alkali earth with the high contents of alkalies and prevailing sulphate in the present samples. The univariate statistics and correlation analysis were performed to find out the relationships between the variables. The tannery effluents, solid wastes and sewage were suspected to be the predominant sources of pollution in the area.

A correlation study on physico- chemical characteristics of ground water in Thane-Belapur Industrial area, Mumbai

The Physico-chemical characteristics of Ground water in Thane-Belapur Industrial Area has been studied to examine its suitability for drinking purpose.the suitability of ground water has been evaluated with reference to Indian standards. A correlation analysis has been carried out among the various parameters. The analysis is very useful in the rapid study of ground water quality. The study revealed that many of Ground water samples in this area were non-potable.

Physicochemical Analysis of Selected Groundwater Samples of Amalner Town inJalgaon District, Maharashtra, India

Physicochemical characteristics of groundwater and municipal water in Amalner town by taking water samples from five different stations. The study was carried out by collecting four groundwater samples (Two open well, two bore well) and one municipal water sample during November 2007‐February 2008. The results were compared with standards prescribed by WHO and ISI 10500‐91. Total 15 parameters were analysed. It was found that the underground water was contaminated at few sampling sites namely Shirud Naka, Cotton Market and Shivaji Nagar. The sampling sites Dekhu road showed physicochemical parameters within the water quality standards and the quality of water is good and it is fit for drinking purpose. The correlation coefficients were calculated for water quality assessment.

Statistical Study on Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in and around Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India

Groundwater samples collected at different locations in and around Namakkal were analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. Ten locations of groundwater samples were collected and studied for every two month for the period June‐2007 to December‐2007. The present investigation is focused on the determination of physicochemical parameters such as temperature, taste, turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, hardness, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, chlorides, sulphate, nitrate, fluorides, dissolved oxygen, sodium, potassium and E.coli bacterium. Groundwater suitability for domestic and irrigation purposes was examined by using WHO and BIS standards, which indicate the groundwater in a few areas, were not much suitable for domestic and agriculture purposes. Thus the objective of this study is to identify the quality of groundwater especially in the town and near by town where groundwater is used for domestic and agriculture purposes is discussed.

Physico-chemical characteristics of ground water of Surat city

Ground water samples were collected from different locations in the radius of 25 km. of Surat city, Gujarat(India). These samples of ground water from 12 sampling point of Surat for their physicochemical studies were tested. Laboratory tests were performed for the analysis of samples for pH, Colour, Odour, Hardness, Chloride, Alkalinity, COD, Sulfate, TDS, SS, Fe, Cu, Boron and Chromium. On comparing the results against drinking water quality standards laid by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and World Health Organization (WHO), it is found that most of the water samples are non-potable for human being due to high concentration of one or the other parameter. Most of the samples have Total Alkalinity, Hardness, Chloride and TDS values much higher than the permissible level stipulated by ICMR and WHO. The high values of these parameters may have health implications and therefore these need attention.

Studies on the physico-chemical characteristics of ground water of Korba

Studies on the physico-chemical characteristics of ground water of Korba

Hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical characterization of a karstic mountain region

Karstic limestone formations in the Mediterranean basin are potential water resources that can meet a significant portion of groundwater demand. Therefore, it is necessary to thoroughly study the hydrogeology and hydrogeochemistry of karstic mountain regions. This paper presents a detailed hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical characterization of the Nif Mountain karstic aquifer system in western Turkey, an important recharge source for the densely populated surrounding area. Based on the geological and hydrogeological studies, four major aquifers were identified in the study area including the allochthonous limestone in Bornova flysch, conglomerate-sandstone and clayey-limestone in Neogene series, and the Quaternary alluvium. Physicochemical characteristics of groundwater were measured in situ, and samples were collected at 59 locations comprised of springs and wells. Samples were analyzed for major ions, isotopic composition, arsenic, boron and heavy metals among other trace elements. It was found that the hydrogeological structure is complex with many springs having a wide range of discharge rates. High-discharge springs originate from allochthonous limestone units, whereas low-discharge springs are formed at the contacts with claystone and limestone units. Using stable isotope analysis data, a δ18O-deuterium relationship was obtained that lies between the Mediterranean meteoric and mean global lines. Tritium analyses showed that low-discharge springs originating from contact zones had longer circulation times compared to the high-discharge karstic springs. Furthermore, hydrogeochemical data revealed that groundwater quality significantly deteriorated as water moved from the mountain to the plains. Heavy metal, arsenic and boron concentrations were generally within drinking-water quality standards with a few exceptions occurring in residential and industrial areas located at the foothills of the mountain. Elevated arsenic concentrations were related to local geologic formations, which are likely to contain oxidized sulfite minerals in claystones. It is concluded that Nif Mountain overall has a significant potential to provide high-quality water with a safe yield of at least 50 million m3/year, which corresponds to about 28% of the mean annual inflow to the Tahtali reservoir, a major water resource for the city of Izmir.