Physicochemical Characteristics Of Groundwater Research Articles

Demystifying Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in a Volcano-Tectonic Region of Middle Awash, Ethiopia, for Multipurpose Use

Demystifying Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in a Volcano-Tectonic Region of Middle Awash, Ethiopia, for Multipurpose Use

Groundwater Quality Assessment for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes at Al-Jouf Area in KSA Using Artificial Neural Network, GIS, and Multivariate Statistical Techniques

Groundwater is an essential resource for drinking and agricultural purposes in the Al-Jouf region, Saudi Arabia. The main objective of this study is to assess groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes in the Al-Jouf region. Physicochemical characteristics of groundwater were determined, including total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, electric conductivity (EC), hardness, and various anions and cations. The groundwater quality index (WQI) was calculated to determine the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes. The EC, sodium percentage (Na+ %), magnesium hazard (MH), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), potential salinity (PS), and Kelley’s ratio (KR) were assessed to evaluate the suitability of groundwater for irrigation. Effective statistical tests and Feed-forward neural network (FFNN) modeling were applied to reveal the correlation between parameters and predict WQI. The results indicated that approximately all samples are appropriate for drinking and irrigation uses except samples of the Al Qaryat region. The ionic abundance ranking was Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ for cations, and Cl− > SO42− > NO3− for anions. Moreover, the groundwater is dominated by alkali metals (K+ and Na+) and controlled by the rock–water interaction process. The indicators of groundwater quality for irrigation and drinking according to the following criteria (Na+ %, SAR, KR, MH, PS, WQI (WHO), and WQI (BIS)) can be predicted by the FFNN with root mean square errors (RMSE) of 0.136, 0.070, 0.022, 0.073, 2.45 × 10−3, 1.45 × 10−2, and 1.18 × 10−2, respectively, and R2 of 0.99, 1.00, 0.99, 0.99, 1.00, 1.00, and 1.00, respectively.

Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Ground Water of Woji, Port Harcourt Rivers State, Nigeria

Safe drinking water is essential to humans and other life forms. Majority of the population and industries obtain water from boreholes. The scope of this research study covers the assessment of ground water using water quality index (WQI), checking its compliance with WHO’s specifications and suggesting effective controls to mitigate outliers. Ground water samples were collected from various points in Woji and subjected to physical, chemical and microbial analysis to determine the pollution / contamination status. The WHO standard for water colour is 15 (colourless) however, points 5 and 7 have metallic taste. This deviation in taste and colour can originate from chemical contaminants like iron. This corresponds with the iron value deviation observed from WHO value of 0.3mg/l of these two points, 5(0.38mg/l) and 7(0.45mg/l), this can result from rusty pipes or some aesthetic features.

Physico-Chemical Analysis of Groundwater in Noida-Ghaziabad Region

Groundwater quality in Noida and Ghaziabad has been decreasing in recent years as a result of industrial operations and pollution. The primary goal of the present work is to investigate the groundwater quality indicators in the various key locations of Noida and Ghaziabad. Different physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater in these locations were investigated in order to quantify the influence of these parameters on the environment in general and human health in particular. pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), Alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total hardness, carbonates, bicarbonates, turbidity and chlorides were measured. pH, TDS, alkalinity, hardness, and chloride content were found to be 7.35-9.05, 0-30 mg/l, 140-975 mg/l, 170-335 mg/l, and 39.90-939.70 mg/l respectively. The acquired results were compared to the permitted limits set by the Indian water quality standard IS:10500-2012 and recommendations were made to improve the water quality of the study region in order to make the groundwater suitable for consumption.

Review on Physicochemical Characteristics of Ground Water and Their Health Effects

Ground water is well described through some physical and chemical characteristics viz temperature, pH, turbidity, electric conductivity, total dissolved solid, total hardness, total alkalinity, nitrates, chlorides, fluorides and metal ions like calcium, magnesium, iron etc. Ground water is commonly used as drinking water for human worldwide, because it is quite economic, easy to use and less vulnerable to contamination than surface water. Nowadays, industrialization, urbanization, fast growth of civilization and increase in population have led to deterioration of the groundwater quality rapidly. Domestic and industrial discharge, landfills, improper drainage system, seepage through sewer lines, agricultural practices such as intense use of pesticides and fertilizers, uneven rainfall and mismanagement are some of major causes for its pollution. Therefore, it is necessary that the quality of ground water should be checked regularly for some physical and chemical parameters as their presence in water above the permissible limit has a serious effect on human health. Hence assessment of physicochemical characteristics of ground water is very important for human health studies and therefore an important research topic in recent years. In the present work, physicochemical characteristics associated with ground water are reviewed along with their health effects.

Physicochemical Parameters and Heavy Metals in Ground Water Around Dangote Cement Factory Obajana Kogi State Nigeria

The physicochemical characteristics of ground water (well) located at Obajana in Kogi Local Government Area (LGA) of Kogi State were investigated using standard methods. This study was conducted with the aim to determine the impacts of Dangote Cement factory activities located in the area. A total of four (4) ground water samples from different points and the physicochemical parameters and heavy metals were analysed. The pH value ranges from 6.62 – 7.97, total dissolved solids (TDS) values ranges from 320 – 890 mg/L, electrical conductivity (EC) values ranges from 581 – 850 mg/L, Phosphate ranges from 0.68 – 1.05 mg/L, Nitrate ranges from 5.94 – 6.49 mg/L. Turbidity ranges from 7.87 – 8.24 NTU, alkalinity ranges from 0.1 – 0.4 mg/L, dissolved oxygen ranges from 4.2 – 5.2 mg/L, total hardness ranges from 179 – 476.2 mg/L, CT ranges from 29.89 to 73.74 mg/L and temperature ranges from 27°C to 31°C. Metals like Arsenic ranges from 0.027 – 0.029 ppm, Lead ranges from 0.029 to 0.40 ppm, Zinc ranges from 0.002 to 0.006 ppm, Cadmium ranges from 0.061 to 0.074 ppm, Copper ranges from 0.002 to 0.006 ppm, while Iron ranges from 0.015 to 0.069 ppm, and Nickel ranges from 0.002 to 0.006 ppm. These results obtained fell within the maximum allowable limit set by the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality and World Health Organization for drinking water except for turbidity, dissolved oxygen, phosphate and electrical conductivity and also suggested the need to take adequate and necessary steps in regulating and monitoring of drinking water in settlement around industrial areas.

Mapping and monitoring seasonal and tidal effects on the salt-freshwater interface using electrical resistivity tomography techniques

Understanding the salt-freshwater interface (SFI) migration in the coastal aquifers is of great significance for the study of seawater intrusion (SI). The electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method in combination with the physicochemical characteristics of groundwater were used to map and capture the SFI change in the dry and wet seasons. And the west coast of Longkou city, Shandong province, China was taken as an example. And the physicochemical characteristics of groundwater mainly analyzed Cl− concentrations, TDS and EC values. Four monitoring locations, 1200 (W4), 2100m (W3), 2600m (W2) and 3200m (W1) away from and perpendicular to the west coastline, were used to collect groundwater samples and conduct continuous ERT surveys in dry and wet seasons of 2020. The SFI was captured with continuous 24-h tidal cycle and 15-day spring-neap tidal cycle. Analysis of the groundwater samples showed that the SFI was approximately located between the W2 and W3, and the groundwater levels for the four monitoring locations were higher in the wet season than that in the dry season. The ERT results were strongly supported via the Cl− concentrations, TDS, EC values and the groundwater level in the dry and wet seasons. And the ERT results indicated that the SFIs were located about 2562m and 2558m away from the coastline in the dry and wet seasons, which means the most inland part of the interface. Due to the delay effects of the 24-h high and low tidal cycle and different tidal amplitudes in 15-day spring-neap tidal cycle, the SFI retreated to seaward in high tide and spring tide, while it intruded to inland in the low tide and neap tide. Continuous monitoring surveys using the ERT had been proven to be suitable to map and capture the SFI change in the west coast of Longkou city in this study. This study can qualitatively and semi-quantitatively evaluate the location of SFI in coastal area, and the determination of the possible farthest SFI location on neap tide and low tide is helpful for the groundwater resources management and SI prevention.

Investigating the Relationship between Land Use Changes and Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater

Investigating the Relationship between Land Use Changes and Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater

Physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater in some villages of Jaitpur Tahsil, Shahdol district M.P., India

Physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater in some villages of Jaitpur Tahsil, Shahdol district M.P., India

Assessment of groundwater quality using Physico-chemical analyses of Sahel-Doukkala region

Water quality preservation represents one of the biggest challenges the world is facing nowadays. In Morocco, water quality decline is among the significant problems facing the country’s water sector. Geographic Information System (GIS) is an effective and useful tool for interpreting, evaluating and displaying spatial data for water resources management. In order to assess the Physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater of the Sahel-Doukkala aquifers, water samples were collected from 50 points well distributed in the study area, analysed according to standard methods, and the results were interpreted using the geographic information system (GIS) technique. There was an important spatial variability in the studied parameters and element concentrations (T°, pH, EC, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Sr, B and Na+), revealing that the aquifers lithology, sea intrusion and the agriculture methods are the main factors influencing the water nature in the study area.

Heavy metal contamination and exposure risk assessment via drinking groundwater in Vehari, Pakistan.

The presence of toxic substances in aquifers, particularly potentially toxic heavy metals, is an important environmental and social concern worldwide. These heavy metals are capable to exert many injurious health effects in human beings by intake of drinking metal-contaminated water. However, very little attention is paid towards quantitative and qualitative analysis of groundwater used for drinking purpose in several less-developed countries. Therefore, this study was intended to estimate, for the first time, the heavy metal levels in groundwater/drinking water in District Vehari, Pakistan. A total of 129 groundwater samples were obtained and subjected to analyze heavy metal concentrations (lead, copper, cadmium, nickel, manganese, chromium, iron, and zinc). Moreover, pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, total dissolved solids, and anion (carbonates, chloride, and bicarbonates) and cation (calcium, potassium, sodium, lithium, and barium) contents of groundwater were also determined. It was noticed that the values of several groundwater physicochemical characteristics such as cation contents, alkalinity, chloride concentration, and especially the concentrations of heavy metals such as Pb (93%), Cd (68%), and Fe (100%) were higher than their limit values given by WHO. Principal component analysis separately grouped heavy metals and physicochemical characteristics of groundwater. The risk assessment indices predicted potential carcinogenic risks due to the consumption of metal-rich groundwater, predominantly with Cd (0.0007-0.03). The mean hazard quotient (HQ) values for all the metals were < 1, while Pb showed HQ > 1 envisaging non-carcinogenic risk with the consumption of studied groundwater. The findings of the study emphasized on the need of appropriate approaches to remediate groundwater before being used for drinking purpose.

Evaluation of the Hydrochemical Characteristics of Groundwater and its Suitability for Desalination to Product Potable Water in Tolul Al-Baj, Salahaldin, Iraq

The study area, Tlul Al-Baj, suffers from a shortage of fresh water and most people depend on groundwater for different uses (drinking, domestic, irrigation, etc.).&#x0D; The present research aims to select the most suitable wells for desalination and production of potable water in Tlul Al-Baj area.&#x0D; Twenty-two samples of groundwater were collected to evaluate the hydrochemical properties of groundwater in the shallow aquifer in the area and to determine their suitability for desalination purposes. The study included measuring the physicochemical characteristics of groundwater, such as total hardness (TH), total dissolved solids(TDS), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium ratio (Na%), turbidity (Tur), pH…etc. Chemical analyses for the main components of water samples were also conducted, including cations such as sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca++), and magnesium (Mg++), as well as anions such as chloride (Cl)-, sulfate (SO4=), bicarbonates (HCO3-), and nitrate (NO3-). In addition, concentrations of trace elements such as iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni),cobalt (CO), chromium(Cr) and cadmium (Cd) were determined.&#x0D; The results of the physical and chemical analyses for the groundwater of the study area were compared with the international and local standards to determine their suitability for drinking uses and to select the most suitable wells for the production of drinking water by desalination. The results indicated that the most suitable wells for desalination were wells numbered 4, 8, 9, 17, and 19.

Carrying Out Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Villages of Bhavnagar District of Gujarat, India

Groundwater is an important component of an eco-system fulfilling necessities of life. Continuous tapping of groundwater to meet rapidly growing demand has not only led to decline of water table levels but has also significantly deteriorated the quality of groundwater. This article aims at assessing the groundwater quality of Bhavanagar district; for which 87 sources across the district were monitored for both the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, respectively, during a period from April 2017 to February 2018. The physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater were compared with Indian Standards for drinking water to assess the suitability of the groundwater for drinking purpose.

Prioritization, Characterization and Geo-spatial Location of River Training Structures for Vrishabhavathi River using GIS Techniques

Bengaluru drainage characteristics of natural catchments have drastically altered due to unplanned urbanization, increasing volume and rate of surface runoff. The frequent blockage of drainage system due to indiscriminate disposal of solid waste, encroachment of wetlands and increasing volume of flow makes coping up and worsening the present drainage systems. These problems of urban floods can be prevented by taking necessary precautions in places where these urban floods could occur. Remote sensing and geographical information system plays a major role in recognizing the flood prone area. Using Arc-GIS software and Google Earth images, critical bed characteristics are identified. In order to analyse physico-chemical characteristics of ground water along the banks of the river, eight water samples were collected and tested. A temporal analysis on surface water of Vrishabhavathi reservoir was made. The geo-spatial location of varying ground water quality and flood prone areas was identified by weighted overlay analysis through GIS application. Bad river bed characteristics, poor ground water quality, flood prone areas and variation in surface water quality were identified in the study. This work is concluded by suggesting corrective measures that can be carried out in these identified locations to avoid urban floods. Keywords: GIS, river bed characteristics, physico-chemical characteristics, ground water quality, river training, geo-spatial location, flood prone areas Cite this Article Gajalakshmi K, Joshi Ashwin M, Sneha AR. Prioritization, Characterization and Geo-spatial Location of River Training Structures for Vrishabhavathi River using GIS Techniques. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS . 2017; 8(3): 33–45p.

Hydrological versus volcanic processes affecting fluid circulation at Mt. Etna: Inferences from 10 years of observations at the volcanic aquifer

The time series of geochemical data available for the network of wells and drainage galleries at Mt. Etna has been analyzed to identify the changes in water chemistry related to the input of volcanic CO2 and those related to hydrogeological dynamics. The dynamics of hydrological systems is mainly affected by changes in the rainfall, since this influences the yields of both springs and drainage galleries and the height of the water table of unconfined aquifers. In addition, the characteristics of hydrological systems can change with the fluid pressure. These mechanisms are probably enhanced by changes in the crustal strain, which can cause interbasin transfer of water. The changes in water circulation are paralleled by variations in physicochemical characteristics of groundwater, since water transfer probably occurs among water bodies with different temperatures and compositions.Based on the above mechanisms, the contribution of different water types has been estimated according to their chemical composition: it has been assumed that water circulating in the volcanic pile has a typical HCO3−-rich composition, whereas Cl−, SO4=, and NO3− could be contributed by rainfall, anthropogenic pollution, and sedimentary fluids rich in Na+ and Cl−. The compositionally different end members have been identified based on the results of factor analysis, which allowed those chemicals accounted for by a single water end member to be grouped within the same factor. In some cases the SO4= enrichment is related to the dissolution of SO4=-bearing alteration minerals contained in volcanic sequences, and in such cases this is associated with HCO3−. We hypothesize a binary mixing between the HCO3−-rich volcanic end member and an end member polluted with Cl−, SO4=, and NO3− related to water circulation at shallow levels. These two end members are identified by their HCO3−/(Cl−+SO4=+NO3−) ratio and Cl−, SO4=, and NO3− contents measured at each sampling site. The extent of mixing between these different water types changes over time, probably due to changes in their circulation patterns, with water being transferred from/to water bodies with different compositions. Once the proportion of the HCO3− content related to the binary mixing is determined, we can compute the amount of HCO3− related to the variable input of CO2 over time into the aquifer. The obtained temporal trends are—over a long time period—synchronous in the two sectors of the volcano where the maximal CO2 degassing occurs, namely the Paternò-Belpasso area on the southwestern flank and the Zafferana-S. Venerina area on the eastern flank. This provides evidence for a common deep mechanism underlying the CO2 variations that is related to the dynamics of the volcano. Some inconsistent trends are observed in the two sectors during specific periods, such as in 2012, which is probably due to the marked dynamics affecting the eastern flank compared to the more stable southwestern one.

Statistical study on physicochemical characteristics of groundwater in and around panjapur area near korai river, Tamil Nadu, India

Groundwater is the most precious gift of nature to living beings, particularly to the mankind and is essential for life. In recent years, rapid development has created an increased demand for drinking water, which is increasingly being fulfilled by groundwater abstraction. The groundwater samples collected from a panjapur area near korai river Tiruchirappalli district Tamil Nadu India. Groundwater samples collected seasonal variation Pre monsoon (May), Monsoon(August), and Post monsoon (November) during the Year 2014. Ten groundwater samples analyzed for major physicochemical parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity, Total DissolvedSolids, Total Hardness, Dissolved Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Bicarbonate, Calcium,Magnesium, Sodium,Potassium, Sulphate,Chloride and Nitrate, in order to understand the different geochemical processes affecting the groundwater quality. The analytical data were interpreted using WQI. The Calculated WQI value is (101.6). The analytical results indicate the majority of the groundwater samples are unsuitable for drinking purposes. The typical sewage comprising of domestic and other waste is discharged directly into the open land without any proper treatment will cause contamination. This contamination poses serious health impacts in the local residents.The correlation and regression provide an excellent tool for the prediction of parameter values within a reasonable degree of accuracy.

Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater from Kumbakonam Taluk of Thanjavur District - Tamilnadu (India)

The aim of present study was to assess the quality of ground water from Kumbakonam region in Thanjavur district, and check its fitness for drinking and other purpose. An eight ground water samples were collected from various parts of Kumbakonam region. The physicochemical parameters such as calcium, magnesium, chloride was determined by titration method, sulphate, nitrate, nitrite were analyzed by spectrophotometric method, pH was determined by pH metric method and other parameters were analyzed by Indian standard method. Physicochemical parameter of ground water samples were compared with standard limits recommended by BIS. The comparative study of ground water to this region, all the collected water samples are not suitable for drinking purpose, because in this region ground water samples had excess of manganese, calcium, magnesium and iron content.

Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater from Kumbakonam Taluk of Thanjavur District - Tamilnadu (India)

The aim of present study was to assess the quality of ground water from Kumbakonam region in Thanjavur district, and check its fitness for drinking and other purpose. An eight ground water samples were collected from various parts of Kumbakonam region. The physicochemical parameters such as calcium, magnesium, chloride was determined by titration method, sulphate, nitrate, nitrite were analyzed by spectrophotometric method, pH was determined by pH metric method and other parameters were analyzed by Indian standard method. Physicochemical parameter of ground water samples were compared with standard limits recommended by BIS. The comparative study of ground water to this region, all the collected water samples are not suitable for drinking purpose, because in this region ground water samples had excess of manganese, calcium, magnesium and iron content.

Evaluation of Aquifer Vulnerability Using Drastic Model and GIS: A Case Study of Mysore City, Karnataka, India

This investigation was carried out to determine the aquifer vulnerability using DRASTIC method which correlated well with the physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater in Mysore city. The main objective was to determine the susceptible zone for groundwater pollution by integrating hydrogeologic layers in Global Information System (GIS) environment. The methodology entailed documentation stage followed by field phase involving collection of 53 groundwater samples from the study area during pre and post monsoon seasons. The layers such as depth to water-level, recharge rate, aquifer media, soil permeability, topography, impact of vadose zone and hydraulic conductivity were integrated in the DRASTIC model using GIS spatial analysis tools and techniques. The aquifer analysis highlighted that the vulnerability range were with from < 70 and > 100. It was found that, when the net recharge is high, the vulnerability was also found very high. The nitrate concentration in groundwater was within the WHO permissible limit in the pre monsoon, in 95% of the samples. But, in the post monsoon season, 70% of the samples exceeded the permissible limit. A positive correlation was observed between groundwater vulnerability and concentration of nitrate in groundwater. GIS application of the DRASTIC model was found to be a suitable method for analyzing the groundwater vulnerability in a city environment like Mysore.

Assessment of physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater: A case study

Aims: This study focused on the determination of various physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater and to perform a statistical analysis to determine the relationship between the measured parameters. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out during April-May 2011, in Vellore city, India. The various physico-chemical characteristics such as pH, turbidity, chlorides, acidity, alkalinity, sulphates, dissolved oxygen, and hardness were determined by following the procedure prescribed by American Public Health Association standard methods. This study was carried out to ensure the quality of groundwater to make use of it for domestic purpose by comparing the analytical results with the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water quality standards. A statistical study such as correlation analysis and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) ver. 20 software. The correlation analysis was performed for measured parameters to determine the relationship between the variables. The One-way ANOVA was applied to estimate the uncertainty in measured values. Results: All the measured parameters are within the permissible limit as per WHO and BIS. The statistical analysis for all the parameters has revealed a positive correlation and the F test values are significant at 95% level. Conclusion: From the investigation results, it can be concluded that the water quality of the study area is fit for domestic purposes. The descriptive statistics of the parameters analyzed along with correlation matrix and one-way analysis proved that there is no variation among the measured parameters.