Nurse-physician Collaboration Research Articles

A qualitative exploration of nurse-physician collaboration in intensive care units

BackgroundEffective nurse-physician collaboration is associated with superior patient outcomes and improved job satisfaction for both nurses and physicians. ObjectivesThis qualitative study explored factors that contribute to nurse-physician collaboration in critical care. Using a qualitative descriptive design, in-depth interviews were conducted with intensive care unit physicians and nurses. Four physicians and six nurses were interviewed between November 2018 and February 2019. Using an iterative process, data analysis occurred after each interview and Lincoln & Guba’s Trustworthiness criteria was used to establish validity. FindingsThe importance of effective collaboration was emphasized by all nurses and physicians who participated in this study. All participants emphasized the importance of communication and linked effective collaboration to better patient outcomes. Nurses valued respect while physicians stressed the importance of relationships. Both nurses and physicians identified multidisciplinary rounds as the best mechanism for collaboration. Collaboration was also linked to both nurse and physician job satisfaction. ConclusionEffective nurse-physician collaboration is essential to a healthy work environment and optimal patient outcomes. Collaboration improves with the implementation of multidisciplinary rounds. This is the first study to examine this relationship using a qualitative approach. Regardless of health system, both nurses and physicians value effective collaboration. Efforts should be made to invest in activities to improve this relationship. ImpactIntenisve care units with effective collaboration are associated with superior patient outcomes. This study used an intimate approach to examine nurses’ and physicians’ perceptions on collaboration which provided candid and provoking opinions.

Interprofessional Precepting: A Nursing-Medicine Partnership.

Interprofessional precepting can advance team-based collaboration. We evaluated the impact of nurse-led precepting of medical students on perceptions of nurse-physician relationships. Forty-six frontline nurses precepted 73 third year medical students in New York for a three-part clinical and classroom experience. Nurse preceptor and medical student attitudes toward healthcare teams and medical student attitudes toward nurse-physician collaboration improved after participation using validated scales. This pilot study suggests nurse-led interprofessional precepting can improve attitudes toward interprofessional collaboration.

Impact of Nurse-Physician Collaboration, Moral Distress, and Professional Autonomy on Job Satisfaction among Nurses Acting as Physician Assistants.

Although there is considerable literature on job satisfaction among nurses in various settings, there is little research about contributing factors, including moral distress to job satisfaction among a certain group of nurses, such as nurses acting as physician assistants. The purpose of this study was to verify the impact of nurse–physician collaboration, moral distress, and professional autonomy on job satisfaction among nurses acting as physician assistants. Descriptive and correlational research was conducted on a convenience sample of 130 nurses from five general hospitals in South Korea. In the final regression model, the adjusted R square was significant, explaining 38.2% of the variance of job satisfaction (F = 8.303, p < 0.001), where ‘cooperativeness’ (β = 0.469, p = 0.001) from nurse–physician collaboration, ‘institutional and contextual factor’ from moral distress (β = −0.292, p = 0.014), and professional autonomy (β = 0.247, p = 0.015) were included. In hospital environments, a more cooperative inter-professional relationship between nurses and physicians led to less moral distress caused by organisational constraints. A higher level of professional autonomy among nurses acting as physician assistants is required to increase their job satisfaction.

Nurses' perceptions of nurse-physician collaboration.

Nurses' perceptions of nurse-physician collaboration.

The mediating role of nurse–physician collaboration in the effect of organizational commitment on turnover intention

ABSTRACT Despite extensive research having been carried out on nurse-physician collaboration, there remains a paucity of evidence on how collaboration interacts with organizational commitment and its effect on turnover intention. This study aims to determine the mediating role of nurse-physician collaboration on the effect of organizational commitment on turnover intention. We used a cross-sectional design based on voluntary paper surveys from the inpatient clinics of six public hospitals in the north of Turkey. Data including measures of nurse-physician collaboration, organizational commitment, and turnover intention were collected from a convenience sample of the nurses (n = 212) and physicians (n = 109). Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to determine the relationships between variables, and the mediating effect was analyzed with PROCESS Macro “Model 4” for IBM SPSS. Statistical significance was specified at 95% confidence intervals and two-tailed P values of <0.05 for all tests. While most of the participants were nurses (66%), 34% were physicians. For both nurses and physicians, organizational commitment and nurse-physician collaboration negatively affected the turnover intention. However, the mediating role of nurse-physician collaboration was only significant for nurses (b = −0.025). The results demonstrate the importance of harmony, joint decision-making, and responsibility-sharing between nurses and physicians concerning dedication, engagement, and job satisfaction, especially for nurses.

Non-academic factors influencing the development of empathy in undergraduate nursing students: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundEmpathy is described as a core competence of nursing. There is abundant research evidence supporting that empathy varies according to personal characteristics and targeted training. The aim of this study was to characterize non-academic factors (personal and environmental) influencing the development of empathy in undergraduate nursing studies who are not receiving a targeted training in empathetic abilities in their nursing schools.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed in the three nursing schools located in Cusco city, Peru (two private and one public). The Jefferson Scales of Empathy, Attitudes toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration, and Lifelong Learning, the Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults, and the Scale of Life Satisfaction, were applied as the main measures. Also, information regarding gender, nursing school, and age, were collected. After psychometric properties were assessed, all measures were used in the development of a multivariate regression model to characterize factors of influence in empathy.ResultsIn a sample composed by 700 undergraduate nursing students (72 males and 628 females), a multivariate linear regression model was created. This model explained the 53% of variance of empathy and fitted all conditions necessary for inference estimations. Teamwork abilities, loneliness, age, sex, subjective well-being, and nursing school, appeared as factors influencing the development of empathy in patients’ care.ConclusionsFindings have indicated that, in absence of a targeted training, individual characteristics and characteristics associated with social and family environments play an important role of influence in the development of empathy in nursing students. These findings are also in consonance with others previously reported in different cultural settings including high-, middle- and low-income countries.

Nurse-physician collaboration, intention to leave job, and professional commitment among new graduate nurses.

The quality of communication and collaboration with colleagues, managers, and physicians affects the intention to leave a job and the profession for new graduate nurses (NGNs). New graduates have difficulties communicating and collaborating with physicians, especially. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the attitudes of nurse-physician collaboration and the levels of intention to leave the current job and professional commitment among NGNs. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out with 231 NGNs in four private hospitals affiliated with an university. Data were collected by using a self-administered questionnaire, including a personal information form, the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes towards Physician-Nurse Collaboration, Intention to Leave Scale, and Nursing Professional Commitment Scale. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients. NGNs had a high positive attitude towards nurse-physician collaboration with a median score of 49 (45-54). The professional commitment of NGNs was high level with a median score of 75 (69-86). The intention to leave the current job median score was 3 (2.3-3.6) out of 5. There was a statistically significant correlation between attitudes towards nurse-physician collaboration and the levels of intention to leave the current job (rs = -0.22; p < 0.01) and professional commitment (rs = 0.42; p < 0.01). The results showed that improving NGNs' attitudes towards nurse-physician collaboration increases the professional commitment and reduces turnover intention.

Organization factors influencing nurse ability to prevent and detect adverse drug events in public hospitals using a patient safety model

The objective of this study was to measure organization factors that can influence the ability of nursing staff to prevent and detect ADEs in public hospitals using Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model. MethodsThis was a multi-center cross-sectional study. The study included a self-administered paper-based survey which was distributed and collected between October through December 2019. The study participants were nurses from 11 public hospitals located in two Iraqi provinces. Binary logistic regression was used to measure the relationship between the independent SEIPS factors (persons, organizations, tools, tasks, and environments) and the incidence of ADEs (outcome variable). ResultsThe study recruited 603 nurses (68.3% men) from 11 public hospitals across two provinces. Less than half (48.8%) of the nurses received enough training to detect ADEs, 43.1% had adequate experience to detect ADEs, and 69.8% had to report ADEs in a special record. More than three-quarters (78.4%) believed that their jobs need fast work. Two of the five SEIPS model domains had significant negative association with the incidence of ADEs including organization (nurse-physician collaboration) and nurse experience in ADE detection. ConclusionsNursing staff face several challenges to prevent and minimize ADEs including shortages in nurses, inadequate nurse experience in ADE detection, no training for ADE detection was received, fear of reporting ADEs, and a lack in monitoring equipment. Increasing nurse/patient ratio and providing more monitoring equipment and training courses can minimize ADEs and enhance their detection.

Physician-Nurse and Nurse-Nurse Collaboration From the Perspective of Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The study aims to determine the physician-nurse and nurse-nurse collaboration levels of nurses and effective factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 477 nurses from five hospitals using a questionnaire. It was determined that the characteristics of working life explained 10% of the Nurse-Nurse Collaboration Scale and the regression model between variables and the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration was not statistically significant. Physician-nurse and nurse-nurse collaboration are affected by a variety of factors.

Integrating Complex Services Through Primary Care: Research Results and Implementation in Practice

People with complex medical and social profiles often receive non-integrated health-related services that fail to optimize their well-being or that of their carers. As a result, they use many expensive emergency and inpatient healthcare services, and they generate the majority of the overall population’s healthcare costs. As a result of the rapid aging of society, the magnitude of this problem, if uncorrected, will soon reach crisis proportions.Primary care is one venue for integrating services. One primary care-based model is known as “Guided Care.” In this model, a specially trained nurse is co-located in the practice of 3-5 primary care physicians. For each of the practice’s complex patients, this nurse completes a home assessment and then collaborates with the patient’s physician in:1. Creating and disseminating medical and behavioral plans that address each of the patient's health goals, i.e., an evidence-based “Care Guide” for health professionals and a lay-language “Action Plan” for the patient and carer2. Facilitating the sharing of information as patients make transitions between sites and providers of care3. Integrating “community resources” (e.g., transportation, meals, social services)4. Monitoring, educating and supporting carers5. Training patients in self-management (i.e., to lead healthy life styles, self-monitor their conditions and use medications and resources effectively6. Monitoring the patient’s health and self-management by monthly phone calls7. “Motivational interviewing” during the monthly monitoring sessions to facilitate the patient’s adherence to his or her Action Plan.The Guided Care model was evaluated in a 32-month, matched-pair, cluster-randomized trial (n=904) in eight primary care practices in the mid-Atlantic region of the USA. The results showed that Guided Care is:• Higher in quality and more satisfactory than "usual care" to primary care physicians and patients’ carers• Associated with 15% fewer hospital admissions, 49% fewer hospital re-admissions and 52% fewer nursing home days than "usual care" in an integrated insurer-provider healthcare system.Based on Guided Care and similar models, Clalit Health Services, Israel’s largest integrated insurer-provider system, developed its Comprehensive Care Multi-morbid Adult Program (CC-MAP) in which a nurse collaborates with 3-5 primary care physicians and provides a culturally adapted version of the seven processes described above to Clalit patients age 45+ who have 3+ chronic conditions and are at high risk for heavy utilization and cost.After 12 months, 600 CC-MAP patients (vs. 608 controls) had:• Higher quality of chronic care, quality of life, and ability to perform daily activities• 40% fewer hospital days.Subsequently, Clalit disseminated its CC-MAP program across 22 clinics (and plans expansion to 30 (6000 patients) during 2020.These findings suggest that physician-nurse collaboration in integrating patient-centered medical and social services for older patients with complex needs improves the quality of care, reduces the use of expensive services (especially in integrated healthcare systems), and is preferred over "usual care" by patients, physicians and carers.After brief presentations, attendees will have ample time to ask questions and explore possible pros, cons and tactics for implementing these models in their healthcare systems.

The essential role of nurses in supporting physical examination in telemedicine: Insights from an interaction analysis of postsurgical consultations in orthopedics.

Telemedicine changes clinical practice and introduces new ways of distributing tasks between physicians and nurses, and particularly the delegation of sensory assessments during remote physical examinations. As nurses become more involved in patient assessment and clinical decision-making, the quality of physician-nurse collaboration has been recognized as essential to ensure quality patient care. However, few studies have examined physician-nurse interactions during teleconsultations. This article presents the results of an empirical study of nurse-physician communication during remote physical examinations. In partnership with a university-affiliated hospital in Ontario, Canada, we observed and recorded 10 simulated postsurgical consultations in orthopedics (involving a physician, a patient, and an on-site nurse) and conducted auto-confrontation interviews with physicians. The results of the thematic analysis of the interviews informed the selection of consultation sequences for in-depth interaction analysis. The findings demonstrate the nurse's essential role during remote physical examinations and reveal specific practices accomplished by the nurse to ensure successful nurse-physician collaboration. The interview data shows how physicians view the nurse's role and contributions. The findings contribute to our understanding of the collaborative nature of sensory assessments during remote physical examinations in telemedicine and can inform the development of training programs for professionals focusing on communication skills. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.

Emergency nurses’ attitudes toward interprofessional collaboration and teamwork and their affecting factors: A cross-sectional study

Background: The emergency department (ED) is a multidisciplinary department and seriously needs interprofessional collaboration (IPC). Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the emergency nurses’ attitudes toward IPC and teamwork and their affecting factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 138 emergency nurses working in teaching hospitals affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, from January to April 2019. Data were collected using a three-part questionnaire including a demographic data sheet, the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration, and the Testing Team Attitude Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, analysis of variance, and multivariate regression analysis. Results: The majority of the study participants were female (68.1%), in the age range of 30–40 years old (44.2%), and had a working experience of 1–5 years in the ED (63.8%). The mean scores of nurses’ attitudes toward IPC and teamwork were 48.68 ± 5.14 and 96.15 ± 8.97, respectively. A direct and strong correlation was found between nurses’ attitudes toward IPC and teamwork (r = 0.594, P = 0.001). Regression analysis showed that, among all variables, only the participants’ employment status (compulsory governmental services, P < 0.031 and B = 2.356), overall work experience between 1 and 5 years (P < 0.001 and B = -3.769), and the attitude toward teamwork (P < 0.001 and B = 0.350) could significantly predict nurses’ attitude toward IPC. Conclusion: The attitudes of emergency nurses toward IPC and teamwork were at an optimal level. Nurses’ belief in IPC and especially belief in nurse–physician collaboration plays an important role in providing quality care and keeping patient safety in ED. Joint in-service workshops on the philosophy and principles of IPC and teamwork for nurses and physicians working in EDs can further strengthen the IPC.

SY24-2 Advance care planning through collaboration between physicians and nurses: Discussions to identify and advocate the intangible value of patients

A survey conducted in 2019 at Kyoto University hospital revealed that about 90% of advanced lung cancer patients had thought or tried to think about their goals and preferences for future medical treatment and care, but they were not allowed to have the opportunity to discuss their wish with their health care providers. It is essential that patients receive support for advanced care planning (ACP) from health care professionals at the appropriate time so that they can live their lives with peace of mind and reasonable prospects. However, it has been reported that clinicians, as well as patients and their families, face a variety of barriers when it comes to ACP. In this presentation, strategies for physician-nurse collaboration and tools that can be utilized for end-of-life discussions are discussed to overcome these challenges. The irreplaceable and important values of patients are often invisible to them and drift unnoticed in their daily lives. In the course of ACP discussions with patients with serious illnesses, when patients are supported to reflect on their values, verbalize them and share them with their families and health care providers, they are more likely to find ways to maintain and improve their well-being. The role of the health care provider in placing the intangible value at the forefront will be mentioned.

Job stress and its relationship with nurses' autonomy and nurse-physician collaboration in intensive care unit.

To determine nurses' job stress and its relationship with professional autonomy and nurse-physician collaboration in intensive care unit (ICU). Low professional autonomy, high job stress and lack of nurse-physician collaboration can affect nursing care in ICU and the main reasons ICU nurses leave the occupation or transfer to other clinical units. A cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted on 398 nurses in teaching hospitals in Urmia, Iran, in 2020. Data were collected using the Dempster Practice Behaviors Scale, the Health and Safety Executive tool and the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration. The mean job stress (115.53±12.42) and professional autonomy (102.19±11.88) of ICU nurses were 'moderate', and nurse-physician collaboration (74.25±5.10) was 'good'. There was a positive relationship between professional autonomy and job stress (r=.506) and nurse-physician collaboration (r=.242). Professional autonomy was a predictor of job stress in nurses (p<.000), and work experience in ICU can cause job stress in nurses (p=.024). Increasing nurses' professional autonomy causes an increase in job stress and improves nurse-physician collaboration in ICU. Nursing managers should implement practical strategies to improve nurses' autonomy, enhance nurse-physician collaboration and decrease their job stress.

The physician-nurse collaboration in truth disclosure: from nurses\u2019 perspective

BackgroundCollaboration between physicians and nurses is critical. However, a limited number of studies have provided insights into the status of physician–nurse collaboration in truth disclosure.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted using an electronic questionnaire among Chinese nurses who attended a provincial conference. The Nurse–Physician Collaboration Scale was administered to nurses to assess the collaboration in truth disclosure from their perspective. A multiple-choice question was asked to assess the perceived difficulties in truth disclosure. Descriptive statistics, univariate, and multiple stepwise regression analyses were performed to evaluate physician–nurse collaboration in truth disclosure.ResultsA total of 287 nurses completed the survey, and 279 of them reported that they had carried out truth disclosures among patients. The average score for physician–nurse collaboration in truth disclosure was 3.98 ± 0.72. The majority of nurses (73.1–81%) responded positively to different dimensions of collaboration in truth disclosure. The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that seniority (B = − 0.111, 95% confidence interval [CI] = − 0.167−− 0.055, p < 0.001) and frequency of truth disclosure (B = 0.162, 95%CI = 0.076–0.249, p < 0.001) were the only two factors associated with collaboration in truth disclosure between physicians and nurses. The most common barrier perceived by nurses was fear of patients’ negative emotions or their suicide attempts after truth telling.ConclusionsMost nurses responded positively to physician–nurse collaboration in truth disclosure. Various difficulties existed in the practice of truth-telling collaboration. Further studies are required to test the potential interventions to promote cooperation between nurses and physicians in truth disclosure.

A cross-sectional exploration of emergency department nurses’ moral distress, ethical climate and nursing practice environment

IntroductionMoral distress is a common phenomenon among nurses that leads to physical and emotional problems and affects job retention, job satisfaction, and quality of care. AimTo explore relationships between moral distress, ethical climate, and nursing practice environment among a sample of ED nurses and determined significant predictors of moral distress in organizational environments. MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive and correlational survey was performed on 237 nurses in emergency departments (EDs) from five hospitals in Taiyuan, mainland China. ResultsStatistically significant negative and moderate correlations were found between the level of moral distress and ethical climate for the overall evaluation and 10 subscale scores and the overall evaluation of the nursing practice environment. The nurse-physician collaboration, ethical climate, and monthly income were statistically significant predictors of the level of moral distress (change in R2 = 17.9%, 5.5%, and 5.6%, respectively). ConclusionsPerceptions of a more positive ethical climate and healthier nursing practice environment resulted in lower moral distress levels experienced by ED nurses. Poor nurse-physician collaboration is a pivotal factor accounting for ED nurses’ moral distress.

Attitudes of nurses and physicians toward nurse–physician interprofessional collaboration in different hospitals of Islamabad–Rawalpindi Region of Pakistan

ABSTRACT Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) is crucial to efficient patient management in the modern healthcare setting. We sought to determine the attitudes of physicians and nurses working in different hospitals in the Islamabad–Rawalpindi region of Pakistan. We employed the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes toward Physician–Nurse Collaboration (JSAPNC), a 15-item questionnaire that quantifies these attitudes in a meaningful way. Higher scores indicate a more positive attitude toward IPC. Four domains (shared education and teamwork, caring vs. curing, nurses’ autonomy, and physicians’ dominance) represent the intricate factors that influence IPC in a hospital setting. A total of 374 healthcare professionals responded. Nurses had significantly better opinions about IPC compared to physicians (mean: 50.81 vs. 47.48, p<.01). Nurses also outscored physicians in all four domains of the JSAPNC (education and collaboration 24.87 vs. 23.72 p<.001, caring vs. curing 10.88 vs. 9.42 p<.001, nurse’s autonomy 10.89 vs. 10.51 p=.004, and physician’s authority 4.17 vs. 3.82 p=.044). The results show that nurses in Pakistan value IPC more than their physician colleagues. Inculcating the importance of IPC through educational methods might help improve these attitudes.

Nurse/ Physician Collaboration and its Relation to Professional Nursing Autonomy as Perceived by Nurses

Background: poor nurse/ physician collaboration could result in job dissatisfaction, a lack ofautonomy, and higher possibility of intention to leave the job and poor health. The study aimed toidentify the relation between nurse/physician collaboration and professional nursing autonomy asperceived by nurses. A descriptive correlational design was utilized to conduct this study.Setting: This study conducted at critical care units at Benha University Hospital. The sample ofthis study included a convenient sample contain 277 nurses. Tool: Two tools were used for datacollection, the first tool: Nurse / physician collaboration scale, the second tool: Professional nursingautonomy scale. The study results: Showed that nearly two fifths (39, 4%) of nurses had lowperception level regarding nurse physician collaboration and more than two fifth (46, 9%) of themhad low perception level about professional nursing autonomy. The Conclusion: There was highlystatistical significant positive correlation between overall nurses' perception regardingnurse/physician collaboration and overall professional nursing autonomy .The studyrecommended that: There is a need for further studies that explain the important factors thathindering inter professional collaboration and its negative outcomes.

The attitudes of healthcare professionals towards nurse-physician collaboration.

AimsThe current study aims to examine the attitudes of healthcare professionals towards nurse–physician collaboration and to explore the level of satisfaction concerning the quality of collaboration among them.DesignA descriptive comparative study design was used to demonstrate attitudes of 338 participants (158 internship nurses, 139 nurses and 41 physicians) working in intensive care units, surgical department and medical department.MethodsTwo instruments were used, socio‐demographic data sheet and Jefferson scale of attitude towards nurse–physician collaboration (JSANPC), it consisted of 15 items under 4 dimensions.ResultsThe internship nurses have the high score (38.6%) in poor level of satisfaction regarding quality of collaboration between nurses and physicians comparing to staff nurses and physicians. Physicians are satisfied (61%) with the level of collaboration between them and nurses. Staff nurses have the high positive attitude (48.45 (4.03)) towards collaboration between nurses and physicians comparing to physicians and internship nurses.ConclusionInternship nurses were not satisfied with the level of collaboration between nurses and physicians.

Effectiveness of simulation-based interprofessional education for medical and nursing students in South Korea: a pre-post survey

BackgroundEffective collaboration and communication among health care team members are critical for providing safe medical care. Interprofessional education aims to instruct healthcare students how to learn with, from, and about healthcare professionals from different occupations to encourage effective collaboration to provide safe and high-quality patient care. The purpose of this study is to confirm the effectiveness of Interprofessional education by comparing students’ attitudes toward interprofessional learning before and after simulation-based interprofessional education, the perception of teamwork and collaboration between physicians and nurses, and the self-reported competency differences among students in interprofessional practice.MethodsThe survey responses from 37 5th-year medical students and 38 4th-year nursing students who participated in an interprofessional education program were analyzed. The Attitude Towards Teamwork in Training Undergoing Designed Educational Simulation scale, the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration, and the Interprofessional Education Collaborative competency scale were used for this study. The demographic distribution of the study participants was obtained, and the perception differences before and after participation in interprofessional education between medical and nursing students were analyzed.ResultsAfter interprofessional education, student awareness of interprofessional learning and self-competency in interprofessional practice improved. Total scores for the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration did not change significantly among medical students but increased significantly among nursing students. Additionally, there was no significant change in the perception of the role of other professions among either medical or nursing students.ConclusionsWe observed an effect of interprofessional education on cultivating self-confidence and recognizing the importance of interprofessional collaboration between medical professions. It can be inferred that exposure to collaboration situations through Interprofessional education leads to a positive perception of interprofessional learning. However, even after their interprofessional education experience, existing perceptions of the role of other professional groups in the collaboration situation did not change, which shows the limitations of a one-time short-term program. This suggests that efforts should be made to ensure continuous exposure to social interaction experiences with other professions.