Physical Threats Research Articles

Perceived Stress, Loneliness, Quality of Life and Emotional Maturity: A Study of Transgenders

Background : Transgender people have managed to survive in a culture that does not accept them. Transgender people frequently experience racism, prejudice, physical harm threats, and violent acts. In order to guarantee that this group has access to basic services and combat prejudice and harassment, there is still a long way to go. Objective : The primary objective of this study was to compare and assess the perceived stress, loneliness, quality of life & emotional maturity in urban and rural area. Method :A sample of 50 transgender people, aged between 24 and 45, was taken, including 25 from rural areas and 25 from urban areas. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), UCLA Loneliness Scale, WHOQOL-BREF Scale, and Emotional Maturity Scale were the tools utilised to gather the data. Results : In results t-value is calculated and significant differences can be found among rural and urban transgenders regrading variables studied in the present paper. Conclusion : It's concluded that rural transgenders have higher stress, higher loneliness, low quality of life and higher emotional maturity compared to urban transgenders.

Fight, Flight, or Freeze: Stilling the Moving Image in Bruce Nauman’s Contrapposto Studies, i through vii

This article examines the ways in which Bruce Nauman’s art installations provoke audience experiences analogous to those felt during traumatic events. A central assertion of the present study is that the looping mechanisms of Nauman’s video artworks produce a theoretical stilling of the moving image that is reflective of the fight-flight-or-freeze response to a highly charged incident, which often entails a temporal shift as time appears to slow to a halt. Whereas in the past, the human response to acute stress was typically prompted by a physical threat in the natural environment, today an evolutionary misfire occurs when this survival mechanism becomes prompted instead during everyday situations. Throughout human history, the experience of viewing an artwork has developed into an act of aesthetic appreciation involving a search for meaning. However, in this case, the sensory overload triggered by Nauman’s artwork purposefully impedes neuroprocessing, highlighting the adverse effects of mediation saturation in contemporary society; therefore, a stilling of the moving image in essence functions as a biological adaptation strategy in an attempt to come to terms with the puzzling nature of these artworks. By applying French philosopher Roland Barthes’s theories of the image, this article expands Barthes’s thought from the image to the performative as a reflection of human adaptation to technological advancement.

Protection of critical infrastructures from advanced combined cyber and physical threats: The PRAETORIAN approach

This work describes the PRAETORIAN system, an advanced framework for the protection of critical infrastructures from combined physical and cyber threats. It integrates components for detecting threats and generating alerts related with the physical and the cyber domains of Critical Infrastructures (CIs). These alerts are correlated by a hybrid situation awareness system that calculates the cascading effects of the attacks. Finally, a response coordination system manages notifications and assists decision making by providing mitigation actions and sharing information with the public and relevant authorities. The PRAETORIAN system was extensively validated by a large number of end users and was demonstrated in real-world environments in terms of providing support for the detection and mitigation of physical and/or cyber attacks in CIs.

Security strategy for autonomous vehicle cyber-physical systems using transfer learning

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are emergent systems that enable effective real-time communication and collaboration (C&C) of physical components such as control systems, sensors, actuators, and the surrounding environment through a cyber communication infrastructure. As such, autonomous vehicles (AVs) are one of the fields that have significantly adopted the CPS approach to improving people's lives in smart cities by reducing energy consumption and air pollution. Therefore, autonomous vehicle-cyber physical systems (AV-CPSs) have attracted enormous investments from major corporations and are projected to be widely used. However, AV-CPS is vulnerable to cyber and physical threat vectors due to the deep integration of information technology (IT), including cloud computing, with the communication process. Cloud computing is critical in providing the scalable infrastructure required for real-time data processing, storage, and analysis in AV-CPS, allowing these systems to work seamlessly in smart cities. CPS components such as sensors and control systems through network infrastructure are particularly vulnerable to cyber-attacks targeted by attackers using the communication system. This paper proposes an intelligent intrusion detection system (IIDS) for AV-CPS using transfer learning to identify cyberattacks launched against connected physical components of AVs through a network infrastructure. First, AV-CPS was developed by implementing the controller area network (CAN) and integrating it into the AV simulation model. Second, the dataset was generated from the AV-CPS. The collected dataset was then preprocessed to be trained and tested via pre-trained CNNs. Third, eight pre-trained networks were implemented, namely, InceptionV3, ResNet-50, ShuffleNet, MobileNetV2, GoogLeNet, ResNet-18, SqueezeNet, and AlexNet. The performance of the implemented models was evaluated. According to the experimental evaluation results, GoogLeNet outperformed all other pre-rained networks, scoring an F1- score of 99.47%.

What attachment scholars can learn from research on Black family resilience

AbstractWithin a sociohistorical context of racism‐related physical and emotional threats, Black families in the United States have developed sources of resilience to promote children's safety and positive development. Yet research on Black family resilience has rarely been integrated into one of the most influential theories of child development: attachment theory. In this article, we propose specific ways that attachment scholars can learn from research on Black family resilience to enrich models of parent–child relationships, focusing on three sources of resilience: culturally specific parental protections (e.g., “The Talk,” preparation for bias), extended caregiving networks (e.g., natural mentors, fictive kin, spiritual community), and racial‐ethnic identity development (e.g., racial pride messages to protect against social denigration). We argue that including insights from research on the resilience of Black children and families in the face of racism‐related threats across generations can substantially advance current understanding of caregiving, attachment, and positive child development in context.

“Quenching the thirst of others while suffering”: Embodied experiences of water vendors in Ghana and Kenya

Informal water sellers (commonly known as water vendors) have emerged as part of urban water infrastructure systems in many low- and middle-income countries to meet the water needs of unserved urban populations. These vendors include water tanker operators, those who sell water from private standpipes and boreholes, and those who use hand carts, bicycles, tricycles to transport water around for sale. However, we know little about the embodied impacts of their work on their health and wellbeing. In this article, we consider how embodied experience can add to our understandings of water access and decent work in urban centers in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study examines health risks associated with informal water vending in three cities, Accra and Wa (Ghana) and Kisumu (Kenya), where close to 48%, 65%, and 26% of residents respectively rely on vendors for their drinking water needs. We used in-depth interviews to explore the lived experiences of 59 water vendors and perspectives of 21 local stakeholders. Water vendors were mostly exposed to injury, environmental pollution, stigma, and work-life balance. Vendors who transport water in containers using bicycles or hand-pushed carts and those who carry water around complained about harsh weather conditions, poor physical terrain, and abuse from customers. Female water vendors also complained about pregnancy complications, baldness and water related diseases. Female water vendors experience unique physical threats that may put them at greater risk for chronic health and safety impacts. Gaining a better understanding of the health risks faced by these water vendors will provide policy makers with greater insight into how water vendors can be better supported to provide more improved services to enhance greater access to safe water. Findings from this work are also important for contributing to social protection policies, promoting inclusive growth, and designing empowerment programs for women.

한국인의 두려움

The purpose of this study is to analyze the meaning of the Korean emotion word ‘겁(keop)’ by applying the NSM proposed by Wierzbicka. NSM is a very linguistically and culturally neutral approach and is known to be very useful for cross-cultural comparative research based on the ethnopragmatics. This study attempted to explain the meaning of ‘keop’ by constructing a cognitive scenario with an explanatory framework consisting of canon sentences based on semantic primitives that can be universally understood in any language and their combination, syntax.
 First, ‘keop’ (1) which expresses [fear] of physical damage or threats, ‘keop’ (2) which expresses the unknown [fear] of something bad that might happen, ‘keop’ (3) which expresses the anxiety that something bad might happen, ‘keop’ (4), which is expressed in [guilt] of doing something very bad, and ‘keop’ (5), which expresses [embarrassment] when something unexpected happens. This meaning of ‘keop’ can also be compared to the meaning of emotional words such as ‘fright, fear, dread, guilt, surprised’ in English. However, the English word for ‘keop’ cannot be found, and it can only be said to be an emotional key word that comes from the cultural background of the Korean language.

PINJAMAN ONLINE DALAM TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM

The development of information and communication technology has an impact on the emergence of new innovations in various fields of human life. One of these innovations is in the field of financial technology (fintech), one of which is electronic-based money lending transactions which became popular with the term online loans (Pinjol). Pinjol has become a business trend and has become the choice of many people because it is considered to promise convenience, is seen as more effective, fast and easy than having to meet in person at the location to carry out debt transactions. However, borrowing transactions in practice leave many problems in society such as loan interest that strangles borrowers, physical threats to borrowers who cannot pay debts or installments, digital terror and threats to spread private secrets to the public through social media and so on. This study will answer how the views of Islamic law are related to loan transactions.
 The type of research used is library research with a normative qualitative approach by collecting information and OJK data about online loans and DSN MUI fatwa documents. The analysis was carried out using a qualitative method, namely explaining and describing the data obtained from the research and grouped according to their quality and truth to answer the problem.
 The results of this study are that online loan transactions are legal and permissible as long as they are in accordance with sharia principles. The implementation of online loan services must not conflict with sharia principles, including avoiding usury, gharar, maysir, tadlis, dharar, zhulm, and haram.

Two sides of the same coin? Examining the interrelation between the proposed new human right and the law governing outer space

The basis of the law governing outer space was set out more than fifty years ago, but the nature of space activities has dramatically changed over the years. The increasing involvement of non-state actors, the concerning amount of space debris in orbit, the extensive use of space technology in modern warfare and several other factors have demonstrated the shortcomings of the existing legal framework. Despite the fact that these factors pose a severe threat to the health and lives of humans, they have not yet been properly regulated. In order to contribute to a better protection of these values, more concrete rules will need to be adopted. One way to achieve a greater protection of the health and lives of humans is the proposed new human right, based upon hearings before the Airspace Tribunal, aimed at protecting the freedom to live without physical or psychological threat from above. In this paper, I seek to examine the interrelation between the proposed human right and the law governing outer space. I examine, on one hand, whether the existing legal framework offers a basis for the establishment of the new human right, and on the other hand, whether the proposed human right carries potential relevance for further developments and improvements of space law.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF DEFINING LIFE TASKS IN WARTIME

The study is devoted to the specifics of defining life tasks in conditions of war and personal resources that help in solving them. It was established that the most common life tasks, which were determined by the respondents turned out to be: self-education, education, development, self-development, and self-improvement. Material things and maintaining work were no less important, as well as helping others in various ways and in various spheres of life. In the conditions of the war tasks that ensure the preservation of the psychological state, mental health, and survival in the physical sense, as well as the preservation of family relationships and mutual support in the family, turned out to be significant. It was established that the factors that help in solving the specified tasks that respondents singled out are the following: personal traits and qualities, the main of which are perseverance, stress resistance, responsibility, indomitability, and self-confidence; support of surrounding; a sense of security and finding a resource in various ways of activity. It was also revealed that the respondents are aware of existing problems and obstacles preventing the solution of certain life tasks. A significant part of the respondents identified the war that lasts on the territory of our state and the associated with the war situation of uncertainty, feeling of physical danger and threat to life, presence of constant stress, syndrome of delayed life, evacuation abroad, uncertainty in future and instability as the main factor. As a result of empirical research, it was also determined bright, in respondents’ opinion, life events affected the personality of the researched. The fourth part of the respondents described the beginning of the war and events related to its continuation as a traumatic situation that affected their personalities. A significant part of the respondents identified events in which the evacuation process is shown, as well as their own return and return of relatives and friends to the country or to their places. The sixth part of the respondents avoided answering this question. We assume that this is a manifestation of protective mechanisms in a prolonged crisis situation. However, this assumption requires further research.

Women's Safety Jacket

This project is all about creating a special jacket designed to enhance women's safety. In today's world, women often feel vulnerable and concerned about their well-being, especially when they're out alone or in unfamiliar surroundings. To address this issue, we have developed a smart jacket equipped with features like GPS, a distress signal, a camera, and a shock function. All of these components are controlled by a small computer called ESP 32. The primary goal of this project is to make women feel safer and more in control of their personal security. If a woman ever finds herself in an unsafe situation, she can use the jacket to send her location to the police, her family, or trusted contacts. The jacket also includes a loud alarm to alert people nearby. In case of a physical threat, the jacket can deliver a shock to deter potential attackers and simultaneously capture an image of the person for possible identification. Our project demonstrates that this innovative jacket can provide a practical and reliable solution for women's safety concerns. We envision a future where such technology can be further expanded to safeguard other vulnerable groups and individuals, making the world a safer place for everyone. Key Words: Women's Safety, Smart Jacket, GPS Technology, Distress Signal, Personal Security, ESP 32 Control

Sanksi Pidana Untuk Perlindungan Anak Sebagai Korban Eksploitasi Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014

Children are a blessing in the family. Children should be protected and have their rights respected. It is natural for the state to guarantee and protect children's rights. Both civil, social, political, cultural and economic. In reality, families and even the state have not been able to provide adequate welfare for children. One of the problems that still occurs is the exploitation of children, which not only violates children's rights, but also has a negative impact on children both physically and psychologically. Child exploitation shows arbitrary treatment of children carried out by families and society. Forcing children to do something for economic, social or political interests without paying attention to the child's right to receive protection in accordance with their physical, psychological development and social status. This method uses normative legal research methods, namely examining laws that are conceptualized as applicable norms or rules, including child protection laws and related regulations. The results of this research show that the people most responsible for child protection are the parents. Therefore, it can be said to intentionally exploit children by seeking commercial profits from their work and acts of violence against children. The provisions that can ensnare those who carry out exploitation are Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection. Second research results. The threat of sanctions against perpetrators of violence, both in child protection laws and the Criminal Code, are some that are heavier and some that are lighter. But in Law Number 35 of 2014, apart from physical threats there are also threats of fines and threats of minimum sanctions, in the Criminal Code there are only physical threats, there are no minimum threats.

Occupational Health Hazards Among Veterinarians in Saudi Arabia.

Introduction Veterinarians and other professionals who interact with animals on a daily basis encounter an elevated risk of exposure to both known and as-yet-undiscovered microbial agents. Additionally, they are also exposed to physical, chemical, and environmental hazards. Enhancing occupational health and safety in this context carries significant global significance. Methods This study aimed to comprehensively identify and outline the various biological, physical, chemical, and environmental health threats that were encountered by veterinarians in Saudi Arabia. To achieve this, wedesigned a self-completed questionnaire for 529 participants. The survey encompassed potential occupational hazards such as microbial diseases, injuries resulting from animal bites and scratches, allergies, and environmental risks like sunstroke and dust storms. Results Among the 529 participating veterinarians, 45.9% (243 individuals) reported instances of zoonotic diseases within the past five years. Notably, potential viral agents included Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, avian influenza, and foot-and-mouth disease virus. Bacterial diseases were also frequently documented, with brucellosis (18.7%) and salmonellosis (7.9%) being notable pathogens. Protozoal infections were led by Leishmaniosis, constituting the most commonly detected protozoa (29 /529, 5.5%). Interestingly, 345 (65.2%) of the individuals reported that they have experienced animal bites and scratches. Needle stick injuries were also a common occupational hazard, with an incidence rate of 19.1%. Additionally, chemical exposure was prevalent, particularly to disinfectants (57.5%) and veterinary drugs (23.4%). The study participants also reported their exposure to various environmental hazards, including sunstroke, dust, sandstorms, and heavy rains. Conclusion The findings of this study draw attention to a concerning trend among veterinarians in Saudi Arabia. Their personal health and safety appear to receive inadequate attention, potentially heightening the risk of occupationally related health hazards. These outcomes highlight the need for a reevaluation of safety protocols and infection control practices within the veterinary profession. The implications of this study can potentially inform the development of policies and initiatives aimed at mitigating occupationally related health hazards among veterinarians in Saudi Arabia.

US cisgender women's psychological responses to physical femininity threats: Increased anxiety, reduced self-esteem

Research has suggested that women, unlike men, do not experience increased anxiety in response to gender stereotypicality threats. That research, however, has not considered the domain of gender stereotypes in which women might be most invested: physical appearance. The present work examines US cisgender women's responses to (bogus) feedback about the femininity of their appearance, which allegedly came from an algorithmic analysis of a photograph or video of their face. Across four experiments (N = 2494), women experienced more anxiety (Studies 1a, 1c, and 2) and lower self-esteem (Studies 1c and 2) in response to feedback indicating that their appearance was less feminine than average (i.e., threats) than feedback indicating that their appearance was more feminine than average (i.e., affirmations). Feedback on the femininity of women's appearance, but not personality (Study 2), had an effect on anxiety and self-esteem even when physical attractiveness was affirmed (in the case of anxiety; Study 1a) and when controlling for self-perceived physical attractiveness (in the case of anxiety and self-esteem; Studies 1a, 1c, and 2). Cisgender men, unlike women, experienced increased anxiety—but not reduced self-esteem—in response to masculinity threats across the domains of appearance and personality, though this effect was stronger for appearance (Study 2). A discrepancy between the bogus feedback one received and beliefs about oneself mediated the effects of feedback on anxiety and self-esteem, for women, and on anxiety, for men (Study 2). These results highlight the need to center physical appearance in research on gender stereotyping and its consequences.

Psychological framework to understand interpersonal violence by forensic patients with psychosis.

Forensic patients with psychosis often engage in violent behaviour. There has been significant progress in understanding risk factors for violence, but identification of causal mechanisms of violence is limited. To develop a testable psychological framework explaining violence in psychosis - grounded in patient experience - to guide targeted treatment development. We conducted in-depth interviews with 20 patients with psychosis using forensic psychiatric services across three regions in England. Interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. People with lived experience contributed to the analysis. Analysis of interviews identified several psychological processes involved in the occurrence of violence. Violence was the dominant response mode to difficulties that was both habitual and underpinned by rules that engaged and justified an attack. Violence was triggered by a trio of sensitivities to other people: sensitivity to physical threat, from which violence protected; sensitivity to social disrespect, by which violence increased status; and sensitivity to unfairness, by which violence delivered revenge. Violence was an attempt to regulate difficult internal states: intense emotions were released through aggression and violence was an attempt to escape being overwhelmed by voices, visions or paranoia. There were different patterns of emphasis across these processes when explaining an individual participant's offending behaviour. The seven-factor model of violence derived from our analysis of patient accounts highlights multiple modifiable psychological processes that can plausibly lead to violence. The model can guide the research and development of targeted treatments to reduce violence by individuals with psychosis.

The Trend of Using Social Networking Site at Public University Students

The utilization of Social Networking Sites (SNS) has experienced a surge in popularity in recent years, particularly among university students for the purposes of studying and communication. This paper investigates the experiences of university students in using social networking sites (SNS) and the approaches they choose to enhance social interaction and learning activities by utilizing social media platforms such as Facebook, You tube, Instagram, and WhatsApp. The quantitative study was established on primary data gathered from a semi-structured face-to-face and on air interview with Jahangirnagar University students who reported the multiple strategies in learning and communicative activities and experiences received from SNS. The results of the study showed how many times they spent using SNS. Despite some limitations, varsity students use SNS for social and academic purposes. Unpleasant experiences like restlessness, low self-esteem, anxiety, physical threats, cyberbullying, online harassment, were also noted by the participants. This study was done using interview with 500 students of university coming from different background. Nevertheless, there is an apparent increase in the reliance on social networking sites (SNS), which poses a potential risk to the academic, social, and physical well-being of students.

IMPLEMENTASI KEAMANAN JARINGAN MENGGUNAKAN PORT KNOCKING

Technological advancements continue to progress rapidly, allowing experts to enhance their knowledge across various industries, including health, network security, and others. PT Air Batam Hulu is a water company situated at Building A-WTP Moya Muka Kuning Jl. Letjend Supranto in Batam, responsible for managing the security of drinking water. However, the company's existing system is susceptible to data security breaches due to unauthorized hacking attempts. In addition, computer network systems face both physical and logical threats, such as Sniffer, Spoofing, Preaking, Remote Attack, Hole, Hacker, Cracker, and more. Among the current successful hacking attempts, UML sites, Malware, Trojans, Viruses, and port scanning are commonly encountered. To address security concerns, the company implements a security system called "port knocking," which involves opening or closing access to specific ports through the use of a firewall on network devices. This system works by sending certain packets or connections, including TCP, UDP, and ICMP protocols. To gain access to restricted ports, users are required to perform a "knocking" action by inputting the necessary rule beforehand. This ensures that only authorized users can access and use specific ports, enhancing data security and reducing the risk of unauthorized infiltration.

Haunting details: A mixed‐methods study on predictors of details recalled from a victim narrative

AbstractNarratives are used to make sense of traumatic experiences. However, little attention has been paid to the way one processes another's traumatic personal narrative that is often disorganized and contains emotional language. I examine the orientations a sample of 734 participants took when encountering a protection order court narrative. Participants who took a substantive orientation approached the narrative through the lens of human experience and recalled physical violence, threats, injuries, and emotions experienced by the victim. However, some participants had an analytic orientation, focusing on the clarity of the narrative or the victim's marital status. The extent to which participants cognitively took the victim's perspective shaped whether they adopted a substantive or analytic orientation. Those who cognitively placed themselves in the perspective of the victim were more likely to recall the violence the victim faced and were more likely to find the scenario concerning.

Central sensitivity in fibromyalgia: testing a model to explain the role of psychological factors on functioning and quality of life.

Central sensitivity (CS) is defined as an increased responsiveness of nociceptive neurons in the central nervous system to normal or subthreshold inputs. CS has recently been linked to the psychological burden associated with chronic pain, such as fibromyalgia (FM). The primary objective of this study is to investigate the impact of specific psychological constructs on CS in patients with FM. In Study 1, we explore the influence of temperament, personality, childhood trauma, defence mechanisms, and mental pain on CS. In Study 2, our goal is to test the role of the best predictors of CS in influencing quality of life (QoL) and FM functioning through a path analysis model. A total of 510 women with FM participated online, completing a self-administered protocol. Data collection took place between April and June of 2023. In Study 1, higher levels of low sensory threshold (β=0.210), traumatic experiences of physical threat (β=0.141), neurotic defences (β=0.124), and mental pain (β=0.241) emerged as the strongest predictors of increased CS. In Study 2, the presented model demonstrated a satisfactory fit (chi2=27.200; df=10; p=0.002; GFI=0.984; NFI=0.949; CFI=0.967; RMSEA=0.061 [95% CI 0.034-0.090]) with large and medium effect sizes on physical (-0.576) and psychological (-0.190) QoL. The study underscores the pivotal role of psychological dimensions in influencing CS levels and their relationships with QoL in patients with FM.

Workplace violence in the COVID-19 era: a qualitative analysis of harassment and threats against public health professionals in Canada

ObjectivesThis study reports the results of a qualitative study involving public health professionals and documents their experiences with cyberviolence, harassment and threats during the COVID-19 pandemic.Method and analysisThe research adopted...