Physical Test Results Research Articles

Student physical education teaching achievement test incorporating biomechanics analysis via decision tree algorithm

In the context of China’s economic growth, building a “sports power” is crucial. With the Internet’s development, the nation focuses on physical education curriculum and students’ test results. Currently, Chinese students’ physical education achievements are mainly evaluated by storage, inquiry, and basic statistics. Digital mining is under - utilized, leaving much data unexplored. But digital education’s progress has brought educational data to the fore, enabling schools to find value and patterns for better teaching decisions. In this case, this paper delves into the integration of biomechanics analysis into the assessment of student physical education teaching achievements. Biomechanics offers invaluable insights into the mechanical aspects of human movement during physical activities. By examining biomechanical factors such as joint angles, muscle forces, and movement velocities during various sports, a more profound understanding of students’ physical capabilities and performance can be achieved. Taking the physical test results of students in a specific school as a case study, this research employs data mining technology to explore the rich dataset. The optimized decision tree algorithm is then utilized to analyze the biomechanics - related data. This algorithm enables the identification of key factors that influence students’ physical test outcomes. For instance, it can pinpoint how a student’s running gait mechanics, including stride length, frequency, and leg - muscle activation patterns, affect their performance in track - and - field events. Through this comprehensive approach, the paper not only aims to uncover hidden information within the physical test data but also to elucidate the intricate interplay between biomechanics and students’ overall physical education performance. By dissecting the factors that influence physical test results from a biomechanical perspective, this study provides actionable insights for enhancing physical education teaching methods. Educators can leverage these findings to design personalized teaching programs that cater to the unique biomechanical characteristics of each student, thereby optimizing the effectiveness of physical education and promoting students’ physical development and athletic performance.

Development of Particle Board Biocomposite From Coffee Skin and Tofu Dregs With Polyethylene Plastic Adhesive As Furniture Interior

The need for particle board interiors is still in great demand to be used as wood-sourced interiors. In line with this, currently the problem of waste is still a fairly complex problem, both organic and inorganic waste. Coffee rinds and tofu pulp are organic wastes that have not been optimally utilized. Therefore, research was conducted on the manufacture of particleboard from coffee rinds and tofu pulp with PP plastic adhesive which aims to reduce the rate of deforestation due to tree felling as raw material for interior manufacturing and to control the environment by utilizing waste in the community into functional products. This study aims to determine the best formulation of particleboard made from Polyethylene plastic, coffee bean hulls and tofu pulp. Tofu dregs need to be preserved by soaking the dregs for 48 hours in a 5% glycerol solution and 15% NaCl solution in a 50:50 ratio. Then soaked for 48 hours. soaking 15.121%. To determine a good particleboard formulation, a physical evaluation of the particleboard was carried out including particleboard density test, water absorption test, moisture content test, thickness development test and instrumentation testing using SEM to see the surface structure of the particleboard. Based on the results of physical testing, the best formulation of particleboard biocomposites was obtained, namely the ratio of 70:30 (% w/b) (70% of tofu pulp and coffee bean skin and 30% of PET plastic) which is in accordance with SNI 03-2105-2006 standards. Biocomposite particleboard formulation 70:30 (% w/b) has a density of 0.60186 gr/cm3, water absorption of 95.395%, moisture content of 2.248% and an increase in thickness after soaking of 15.121%.

THE EFFECT OF SURFACTANTS IN REDUCING FUNGUS ON CABRETTA GOLF GLOVE LEATHER

The purpose of this research is to identify the effect of surfactants on the loss of mold found in the crust skin of the cabretta golf glove article. The raw materials used are 2 sheets of moldy cabretta golf glove article crust, with an average thickness for trial 1 0,54 mm, and trial 2 0,52 mm. The chemicals used are water, Peramit MLN, Preventol CR, and Formic Acid. The method used in trials 1 and 2 carried out skin washing with a surfactant concentration of 0,1% and 0,2%, activities carried out with washing within 30 minutes. Organoleptic test results in both trials, the fungus was lost but with little trace. In addition, in trial 1's skin has a fairly flat color, a non- leakable state of nerves, and a tightness to the standards. Trial 2 skin has a flat color, a non- leaking nerf, and a tightness to the standards. The physical test results show skin softness values are 6,4 mm (trial 1) and 6,6 mm (trial 2). The conclusion is that using 0,1% surfactant, it can reduce the defect present in the skin of the article cabretta golf glove but with little trace and the softness remains up to standards.

Efficiency of Dimensional Analysis in Predicting Compression Load–Settlement Relationship of Soft Clay Under a Rigid Foundation

Dimensional analysis is an effective tool for designing laboratory tests, and it is also a successful method to reasonably predict the results of large-scale or field tests, which are difficult and costly to perform, by considering the outcomes obtained from small-scale tests. This paper therefore focuses on predicting the compression load–settlement relationship of soft clay soil under a rigid foundation by dimensional analysis. For that purpose, a series of dimensionless pi (π) terms were first produced for the relevant problem by employing Buckingham’s pi (π) theorem via the MATLAB program. Secondly, the results of a small-scale physical test reported in the literature that investigated the load–settlement relationship of soft clay soil under a rigid foundation subjected to compression load were verified with the finite element method. Thereafter, the small-scale problem was scaled up several times using dimensionless terms, and the compression load–settlement relationship for the large-scale cases was investigated with both dimensional analysis and the validated finite element method. The findings indicate that dimensional analysis produces reasonably successful outcomes considering the computational ease. In addition, the MATLAB program presented in this paper is quite useful for those desiring to determine the dimensionless terms belonging to any sort of problem.

A120: Analyzing the Relationship Between Physical Fitness Test Results and YPLQ Scores in Chinese Adolescents

Background/Purpose: As the future pillars of the country, the physical fitness level of our junior high school students and high school deserves to receive attention as the cornerstone of their study and life. As a part of China's national physical fitness monitoring, student physical fitness monitoring can reflect the current situation of students' physical fitness and health in a more objective way. The Youth Physical Literacy Questionnaire (YPLQ), as a physical fitness assessment tool, can reflect the physical fitness of youth. In this study, descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were conducted to investigate the correlation between the physical fitness scores of students from several junior high schools and high schools in Beijing and Shanghai and the results of the YPLQ. Methods: Questionnaire Survey Method, Test Method, Mathematical Statistics Method. Questionnaire survey method: The physical literacy questionnaire was distributed to the subjects to obtain the results. Test method: The physical fitness test data of the subjects were obtained through the physical fitness test of the students. Mathematical statistics method: SAS 9.4 software was used to statistically analyze the results of the physical fitness test and the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were first performed for the total scores of the two, and then correlation analysis was performed. A total of 1851 students' physical fitness test results and adolescent physical literacy questionnaire results were included in this study. Results: (1) The total score of the physical fitness test of the subjects was 79.05±10.62 with a minimum score of 27.30 and a maximum score of 100.00. (2) YPLQ score of the subjects was 81.63±6.32 with minimum score of 60.61 and maximum score of 99.57. (3) Correlation coefficient of 0.33 was obtained using Pearson correlation analysis, p < .0001. Conclusion: Through the results of students' physical fitness test in several schools taken, the average score of students' physical fitness test did not reach the level of excellence, the gap between the lowest and the highest scores was large, and students' physical fitness and health levels varied. YPLQ was evaluated in four dimensions, namely, emotional experience, physical ability, physical activity-related behaviors and knowledge comprehension and application ability, and its scores were significantly correlated with the scores of the adolescent physical test. The scores of the YPLQ could reflect the physical health level of the students to a certain extent.

Stabilization of clay soil of Lajut Village, Central Lombok District, with a mixture of rice husk ash and quicklime on California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value

Abstract Clay soil bears physical characteristics that are susceptible to changes in high shrinkage growth due to changes in water content, so the bearing capacity is strongly influenced by water content. This study determined the characteristics of clay soil from Lajut Village, Praya Tengah Subdistrict, Central Lombok Regency before and after adding rice husk ash. The stabilization materials consisted of rice husk ash and quicklime, with variations of rice husk ash + quicklime of 4%+4%, 8%+8%, and 12%+12%. Physical and mechanical properties of the clay soil were examined and the results of physical properties testing demonstrated original moisture content of 54.80% and plasticity index of 29.66%. Based on the Proctor standard test, the primary soil contained 32.93% water and 1,292 grams/cm3 dry weight volume. The variation of 8% rice husk ash and quicklime produced the optimum California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value (22.00%) and optimum CBR soaking variation (7.48%). Conclusively, rice husk ash and quicklime show the capacity to increase CBR value of clay soil.

КАРДИОРЕАБИЛИТАЦИЯ ПАЦИЕНТА С МИАСТЕНИЕЙ ГРАВИС ПОСЛЕ БИМАММАРНОГО КОРОНАРНОГО ШУНТИРОВАНИЯ. Клинический случай

Abstract. Introduction. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune neuromuscular disease mostly characterized by the formation of antibodies to postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors, leading to weakness aggravated by physical activity. Due to the high prevalence of coronary artery disease worldwide, there is a high probability of its development in patients with myasthenia gravis. Physical training in patients after acute coronary syndrome has proven efficacy in improving quality of life and the outcome. Currently, there is a lack of research in the safety of physical training in myasthenia gravis, so cardiac rehabilitation of these patients is a unique challenge for clinicians. Aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of rehabilitation measures in a patient with myasthenia gravis after coronary bypass grafting using bilateral internal mammary arteries at the inpatient stage of medical rehabilitation. Materials and Methods. A clinical case of a female patient after coronary bypass grafting using bilateral internal mammary arteries is presented, which has been observed for 31 years due to myasthenia gravis (G70.0). The patient was examined by the specialists of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation team, using clinical, laboratory, and instrumental research methods. After establishing the rehabilitation diagnosis and potential, an individual medical rehabilitation plan was developed, which, against the background of drug therapy, included: Electrocardiogram-guided aerobic physical training, laser therapy, and occupational therapy. Results of the rehabilitation measures were assessed using the six-minute walk test (m), the Functional Independence Measurement scale (points), and the QMGS (quantitative myasthenia gravis score for the assessment of the severity of clinical myasthenia symptoms) scale. Results and Discussion. The patient tolerated 5 sessions of aerobic physical training well, demonstrating a noticeable improvement in aerobic capacity, endurance, and physical activity test results. No side effects were noted. Conclusions. Personalized physical training programs are feasible and effective in cardiac rehabilitation of patients with myasthenia gravis. Further research is reasonable and necessary in the rehabilitation of cardiac patients with concomitant autoimmune neuromuscular disease.

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash-Bottom Ash Geopolymer Mixtures on Expansive Clay Soil Stabilization as a Subgrade Material

Abstract The presence of expansive clay causes roads to undergo damage such as wavy, cracked, and even potholes. This type of soil shows that the soil is prone to swelling and shrinking. A base soil handling method against the effects of swelling and shrinking is chemical soil stabilization such as mixing the soil with lime, cement or additional materials. In this study, the stabilization method used was the fly ash and bottom ash geopolymerization reaction. Fly ash and bottom ash is an effective alternative to replace cement. Fly ash and bottom ash with addition of alkali activators of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) can serve as a binder similar to cement. This study aimed to improve the physical property and mechanical property tests of the soil such as bearing capacity and swelling potential as a requirement for subgrade. All physical property test results revealed that using fly ash-bottom ash geopolymer paste can improve qualities such as specific gravity, Atterberg limit, and grain size to improve expansive clay soil. Likewise, the mechanical property test results showed that the subgrade stabilized with fly ash-bottom ash geopolymer can increase its strength to surpass the requirements for road subgrades.

Influence of strength inhomogeneity on transboundary expansion characteristics of hydraulically fractured fractures in coal seams

Coal, a vital strategic resource, facilitates industrial development and socio-economic progress. Ensuring the high-quality development of the coal industry is crucial for national energy security and safety. Coal and gas outbursts are frequent hazards in coal mining processes. This research delves into the impact of heterogeneous coal seam strength on hydraulic fracturing propagation, utilizing both physical experimentation and the ABAQUS finite element approach. Experimental findings reveal distinct variations in water injection pressure profiles and fracturing fluid distribution patterns within coal seams of varying strengths, in contrast to those exhibiting uniform strength. When fractures propagate from a weaker to stronger coal seam region, a notable increase in pressure build-up effect is observed, leading to higher water injection pressure, wider fracture widths, augmented coal body displacement, and an elevated rate of rigidity reduction. In this study, the physical test results and numerical simulation results are verified with each other. After fractures propagate across the interface, zone with higher coal seam strength experience decreased fracture width, lower coal body displacement, and slower rates of rigidity decline compared to weaker seam zone. When fractures propagate from high to low coal seam areas, the fracture experiences instantaneous cross-boundary extension, resulting in a decrease in pore pressure, increased coal body displacement, and an elevated rate of rigidity decline.

МЕХАНИЗМ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ ОРГАНИЧЕСКОЙ ДОБАВКИ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ С КОМПОНЕНТАМИ КОМПОЗИЦИОННОГО ВЯЖУЩЕГО

A mechanism is proposed for the chemical interaction of an organic additive synthesized from the blood of cattle with the mineral components of a composite binder obtained by the joint mechanical activation of Portland cement and broken ceramic bricks. It has been established that the organic additive, interacting with the cations of inorganic components, forms a structure that is built into the frame, which provides plasticizing properties to the cement paste and contributes to the formation of a uniformly distributed fine-grained structure of the cement stone, which acquires increased strength, which is confirmed by the results of physical and mechanical tests. It has been determined that organic additives D-1 and D-2 are products of enzymatic hydrolysis of inedible bones, hooves, wool, and skin of cattle, differing in the time and conditions of hydrolysis. Additive D-3 is a mixture of polypeptides (oligopeptides), the molecular weight of which is less than the molecular weight of the original blood proteins and amino acids, which uses only protein hydrolyzate of cattle blood with a minimum content of sulfur-containing amino acids: cystine, methionine. As a result of hydrolysis, active amino and hydroxyl groups increase, which act as a surfactant; when interacting with water, these groups form a structure with two hydrosilicate groups: NH2 (amino group) and (carboxyl group), which interact with the minerals of Portland cement, cullet ceramic brick and water, binding it with amino groups. Organic additive D-3, interacting with cations of inorganic components, contributes to the formation of a uniformly distributed fine-grained structure of cement stone, which has increased strength, which is confirmed by research.

EVALUATION OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THERMOPLASTIC COATING BASED ON POLYOLEFINS

The article presents an analysis of the results of physical and mechanical tests of thermoplastic coating samples after exposure to corrosive solutions. To obtain a thermoplastic coating, powder polymer paint of two original compositions was used. According to the results of the experiments conducted to study the change in the strength of the thermoplastic coating material based on polyolefins after its exposure to corrosive solutions, it is received that the decrease in the tensile strength is no more than 5 %. This is quite a good result, and is a background for their use on the metal surface of oil and gas equipment operating in corrosive mediums.

PERENCANAAN RUMAH TAHFIDZPRENEUR DI DESA CIBADAK, CARIU, BOGOR, JAWA BARAT, INDONESIA

Rumah Tahfidzpreneur Annur in Cibadak Village, Cariu, Bogor, West Java requires assistance in the planning process. This community service is motivated by the society's intention to build a tahfidz facility on land of approximately 5,200 m2 in Cibadak Village, Cariu, Bogor. The land is located in a residential area that is ideal for building a Tahfidz House. Rumah Tahfidzpreneur Annur will be built with guesthouse dormitory facilities, owner's house, farm, prayer room, multipurpose room, library, informal class, cooperative, and management office. The design recommendation is to divide these spaces into public, semi-public, private, and service areas. The main access is on the main road side, the public area is adjacent to this side. The private area is on the back side to ensure privacy. The service area is also on the back side. The middle part is filled with a semi-public area. The distant water source creates obstacles to water distribution and it is recommended to install a centrifugal pump so that water distribution is smooth. The results of physical and chemical tests on the water on the Rumah Tahfidzpreneur Annur land show that the water meets household standards but it is necessary to install a filter in the water reservoir so that the water is free of bacteria. Keywords: Rumah Tahfidzpreneur Annur, site concept, water distribution, clean water filter

Modelling Sea-Surface Wave Motion and Ship Response Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics and Finite Element Analysis

The response of a ship or other vessel to surface sea waves, including extreme waves, may compromise crew and vessel safety and long-term operational capability. Herein, a novel high-fidelity numerical time-dependent simulation approach is presented using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) for modelling sea waves coupled with Finite Element Analysis for modelling vessel structural response under wave loading conditions. The results are compared with physical scale model wave tank test results. Good agreement was obtained for heave and pitch motions and vertical bending moments for various forward (head) speeds in regular head waves, heave and pitch motions, and vertical bending moments. High computational demands can be met by the increasing availability of computation power. Ongoing research is outlined. The implications for the design of vessels such as ships and for through-life assessment are discussed.

Physical fitness of schoolchildren in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago: comparative analysis between types of educational establishments

Introduction: State and private subsidized schools usually have limited resources that may restrict the frequency and quality of physical activities offered in educational establishments. Objective: to compare the physical condition of schoolchildren between 6-14 years of age attending state, private subsidized and private schools in the boroughs of the Metropolitan Region of Santiago. Methods: we worked with a random sample by sex and age of 1656 schoolchildren aged 6-14 years. Anthropometry was measured (weight, height, arm circumference, waist circumference and skin folds). In addition, horizontal jump without impulse, grip strength and the distance covered in the six-minute walk test were measured. Results: there was a significantly higher proportion of obesity and waist circumference above the 90th percentile observed in students from state schools, compared to their peers from private and subsidized private schools. At the same time, girls in state schools had significantly lower physical performance, particularly in tests of grip strength and horizontal jump (p < 0.01). Conclusion: State and subsidized schools tend to face resource limitations that may restrict the frequency and quality of physical activities offered. This may lead to lower results in physical fitness tests and, therefore, to a higher prevalence of risk indicators for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in these students. Therefore, it is urgent to increase the quantity and quality of daily exercise time and to stimulate participation in sports to prevent and promote cardiovascular health.

Mechanical behavior and microscopic damage mechanism of hybrid fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete at elevated temperature

Geopolymer concrete (GPC) that is prepared from eco-friendly materials exhibits much more excellent resistance on high temperature compared with ordinary Portland cement concrete. In this study, hybrid fibers containing varying proportions of steel fiber (0.5%–2.0 %) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber (0.2%–0.8 %) were incorporated in GPC. The hybrid fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete (HFRGC) was subjected to temperatures ranging from 200 °C to 800 °C. The physical properties tests, mechanical properties tests, and microstructure tests of HFRGC were carried out at elevated temperatures, while the environmental impact and cost-effectiveness of HFRGC were assessed. The results of physical properties tests showed that the appearance and mass loss of the HFRGC were mainly affected by temperature, while hybrid fibers had a negligible effect on both. The appearance of HFRGC gradually transformed from gray to brick red with increasing temperature, and the mass loss of HFRGC at 800 °C was as high as 9.4 %. The mechanical performance test results indicated that the mechanical strength of HFRGC increased at 200 °C and then decreased with elevated temperature. At 200 °C, the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength of HFRGC containing 1.5 % steel fibers and 0.6 % PVA fibers were respectively increased by 13.1 %, 14.7 %, and 4.4 % as compared with ambient conditions. The microstructure test results showed that further geopolymerization at 200 °C promoted the densification of the matrix. The matrix was damaged at higher temperatures violently while the porosity of HFRGC was dramatically increased from 13.35 % at 25 °C to 27.83 % at 800 °C. Based on the thermal behavior, environmental impact, and cost-effectiveness of HFRGC, a reference for future research in the fire prevention of GPC was provided.

Relationships of body build and physical activity with the physical fitness of high school students

Background: Physical fitness determines resourcefulness, i.e. the ability to effectively solve various tasks faced by a person and, therefore, to cope with various situations. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships of body build and physical activity with physical fitness in high school students. Methods: The research covered 194 students (104 women and 90 men) aged 16-18, attending randomly selected high schools in the Rzeszów district. The research methods were a diagnostic survey and the Eurofit test battery. The Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson’s chi-square test, and Spearman’s rank correlation were used in the analyses. Results: Statistically significant relationships were found between the preferred forms of physical activity (p=0.041, p=0.008) and the subjective assessment of physical fitness (p=0.015) and the sex of the respondents. There were statistically significant sex-related differences in the Sit-and-Reach (p<0.001), Standing Broad Jump (p<0.001), Hand Grip (p<0.001), Sit- Ups (p<0.001), Bent Arm Hang (p< 0.001), Shuttle Run (p<0.001), and Endurance Shuttle Run (p<0.001). In both groups, there were statistically significant relationships between the subjective assessment of physical fitness and the results of physical fitness tests (p<0.05). Conclusions: Women chose dancing more frequently and considered their physical fitness to be average, while men preferred team sports and assessed their physical fitness as very good. Women are characterized by greater flexibility, and men by greater explosive strength of lower limbs, static strength, strength endurance of trunk muscles, speed and agility, and cardiorespiratory endurance. In both groups, the higher the subjective assessment of physical fitness, the better the results of individual physical fitness tests.

Holistic management of illness anxiety disorder (Gadodvega) in a patient after coronary angioplasty: A case study

Gadodvega (~hypochondriasis) is one of the psychiatric disorders mentioned in Ayurveda, which is characterized by excessive suspicion and fear of having some diseases. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 also describes a similar psychiatric condition – Illness anxiety disorder (IAD) which is defined by excessive worry about having or developing a serious undiagnosed medical condition. People with IAD experience persistent anxiety or fear of developing or having a serious medical illness despite normal physical examination and laboratory testing results. In this case report, a 55-year-old male patient reported concern, anxiousness, and repetitive thoughts of having some medical illness to the outpatient department. The patient also had somatic complaints of dizziness and generalized weakness. The symptoms appeared soon after the patient had undergone coronary angioplasty seven months back. The patient was admitted to the inpatient department and treated with a combination of Panchakarma therapies (~internal bio-cleansing therapies), internal medications, motivational counseling, Yogasana (~Yogic posture), Pranayama (~breathing exercises), and relaxation therapy along with Mahamrityunjaya mantra chanting. The patient was assessed based on signs, symptoms, and Health Anxiety Index (HAI) scale. The patient showed significant improvement in signs and symptoms during his hospital stay and follow-up along with a significant reduction in HAI scoring from 55 to 12. Thus, it can be inferred that Gadodvega or IAD can be efficiently treated through a holistic approach of Daivavyapashraya (~spiritual therapy), Yuktivyapashraya (~logic-based treatment), and Satvavajaya chikitsa (~counselling).

Characteristic of Chrome-Tanned and Vegetable-Tanned Goat Garment Leathers

ABSTRACT. Chrome tanning material is still widely used in the tanning process for garment leather production. Its use began to be reduced to overcome its negative environment impact. Vegetable tannin of a mimosa and tara combination was used in this study to substitute chrome tanning material. Garment made from vegetable-tanned leather with a ratio mimosa to tara of 5:13 was compared to garments made from chrome-tanned leather, both the production methods and resulting leather characteristics. To obtain garment leather characteristics, chrome-tanned leather requires auxiliary materials and two fatliquoring steps. Vegetable-tanned leather requires more auxiliary materials and fatliquoring steps (3 steps). Physical test results show that chrome-tanned leather gives better tensile strength, elongation, tear strength, and softness that meet with SNI (Standar Nasional Indonesia or Indonesian National Standard). Meanwhile, garments from vegetable-tanned leather exhibit elongation, tear strength, and softness that meet with SNI. However, adding auxiliary materials and fatliquoring steps in the garment-making process from vegetable-tanned leather is still unable to produce the softness, smoothness, and elasticity of a garment from chrome-tanned leather.

Issues of physical development among the Mongolian youth

At the beginning of the research, we proposed the goal of studying the modern trends in physical education at the Mongolian University of Science and Technology through analysis and comparative assessments. As a result of the study, it was observed that comprehensive education in England, sports education using technical and technological advances in Australia, sports teaching for happiness in Japan and China and skills education and physical education in Mongolia are the dominant teaching approaches. In the course of the analysis, it has been found out that there is a lack of attitude towards physical education in Mongolia, and we have determined the extent to which it has been effective through a test study. One of the main goals of our work is to study the issue of physical development of the Mongolian youth in years past. The article presents the results of the unprecedented physical development test of the first-year students enrolled in the Mongolian University of Science and Technology from 2008 to 2018. We used the “Test to Determine the Level of Physical Development and Fitness of the Population”. Actually, this test named after the President of Mongolia Mr. Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj has been implemented at the national level. During the test, height, weight, speed, strength, flexibility and endurance of students were studied by the movement test method. The test was evaluated according to the approved methodologyю. And as a result, we used quantitative and statistical research methods, performed reliability and statistical tests for each questionnaire and data obtained and analyzed the correlation of factors. If we look at physical development levels of all students, there were 14 percent with poor results and 44 percent with insufficient ones. The physical development of the majority of participants (58 percent) was rated below the sufficient level (17 points) that a person of that age should have. In terms of gender, 53 percent of male students and 65 percent of female students had insufficient physical development. According to the data of a sociological questionnaire survey of students participating in the test, 58.1 percent did not exercise or play sports. It was an interesting observation that coincided with the result that 58.0 percent of the test participants had insufficient physical development. According to our research, the majority of Mongolian students and young people had a low level of physical fitness, and one of every six students had weight problems. This may indicate that the approach to teaching skills development and physical education is somewhat ineffective. The theoretical and practical significance of the research is that the current situation regarding physical development of students and youth can be determined and the results can serve as a basis for making detailed policies and decisions for the development of physical activity and sports among young people. Today, students and youth are the most important segment of the population that drives the economy and human development of Mongolia, so it is important to cultivate a healthy and physically fit nation relying on the fact that physical activity and sports should be available for all people.

A Study of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients With Hypothyroidism: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland is underactive and fails to produce sufficient thyroid hormones. It can affect multiple organs including the heart, brain, liver, kidneys, and reproductive system, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, cognitive impairment, elevated cholesterol, fluid retention, fatty liver, and menstrual irregularities. Given the higher prevalence of fatty liver disease in patients with hypothyroidism, it is important to evaluate the need for routine screening for fatty liver in these patients. Materials and methods This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India, from October 2022 to June 2024. The study included 60 patients aged over 12 years who were known or recently diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, pregnant women, or those with chronic liver disease were excluded. Data collected included physical examination findings and laboratory test results. Fatty liver was diagnosed using magnetic resonance elastography. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS statistics for Windows, version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York). The statistical significance of parametric data was evaluated using the Chi-square test. A p-value less than 0.05 and a confidence interval of 95% were considered statistically significant. Result The study population had an average age of about 45 years, with most participants aged between 40 and 49 years. The majority of the participants were female, making up over 83% of the group, while males constituted about 17%. The most commonly reported symptom was weight gain, followed by constipation and fatigue. For individuals with fatty liver, the average thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level was notably higher compared to those without fatty liver.Additionally, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were higher in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) compared to those without. Both TSHand LDL levels showed a statistically significant association with the occurrence of NAFLD. Conclusion Hypothyroidism was more prevalent in females and in the age group 40-49 years. There was a statistical significance between TSHand the occurrence of NAFLD. In this study,statistical significance was also found between LDLand the occurrence of NAFLD.