Physical Symptoms Of Premenstrual Syndrome Research Articles

Association of hemoglobin levels with symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in adults

Background: Most women of reproductive age experience physical, emotional, and psychological discomfort in the week before menstruation called premenstrual syndrome (PMS). However, the specific cause for PMS is still not clear. In this study, we aimed at assessing the association of hemoglobin (Hb) level with PMS symptoms. Materials and Methods: One hundred and forty-nine healthy female students from medical and paramedical courses of age 18–22 years who were not on any medications were included in the study. The Hb of each participant was measured. A structured PMS symptoms questionnaire was designed based on the article by Lori M. Dickerson et al. The participants were asked to fill the questionnaire and scoring was done. Data were analyzed in SPSS V24. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate proportions and inferential statistics such as the unpaired t-test and one-way analysis of variance was used to compare the Hb level among those with PMS and those without and the association of Hb level with the type of PMS symptoms, respectively. Results: 58.4% had PMS. There was a significant association of Hb level with PMS and lower Hb level was associated with physical and emotional symptoms. Conclusion: Occurrence of PMS symptoms was proportional to a fall in Hb level. Most physical symptoms of PMS are similar to anemia, hence can be confused due to PMS. Therefore, Hb level estimation helps in preventing misdiagnosis of PMS or symptoms related to decreased Hb level and also symptoms can be reduced by improving Hb levels.

ASSOCIATION OF GREEN TEA WITH PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME —AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY IN YOUNG GIRLS

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a health problem worldwide and involves both physical and psychological/behavioural symptoms. The objective of this study was to find out any association between green tea intake and physical symptoms of PMS among young medical and dental female students. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at University College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Lahore. The study included 100 female medical and dental students, selected with convenience non-probability sampling technique, aged 18–26 years; 78 of them had premenstrual physical symptoms. Data were collected on a self-administered and preformed proforma. All participants were advised to take green tea (3 cups/day) for 3 months. The data were entered and analysed using SPSS-24. Results: Mean age of females suffering from physical symptoms of PMS was 22±1.6 years and the mean weight was 60.5±7.7 Kg. Abdominal bloating was the most common symptom affecting 48.7% of the PMS sufferers. The second most common symptom was acne in 32.1% of the subjects. After three months of green tea intake, the study participants were re-evaluated. There was a significant improvement in all physical symptoms of PMS (p=0.001). Conclusion: Consumption of green tea was associated with a decrease in the physical symptoms of PMS. Pak J Physiol 2022;18(4):3?6

Oxaloacetate reduces emotional symptoms in premenstrual syndrome (PMS): results of a placebo-controlled, cross-over clinical trial.

ObjectivePremenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects millions of women. While over-the-counter products have helped with the physical symptoms of PMS, emotional symptoms have been less well supported. The objective of this trial was to measure the effect of an oxaloacetate/vitamin C combination on the major emotional symptoms of PMS, including depression, anxiety, perceived stress, aggression, and suicidal ideation.MethodsForty-eight women experiencing PMS completed a baseline survey comprising the Beck's Depression Inventory, Cohen Perceived Stress Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Test, and Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. After baseline measurements, participants were randomly assigned to take either 2 capsules of 100 mg oxaloacetate/150 mg ascorbic acid, or 2 capsules of rice flour (placebo) for their entire menstrual cycle. At menstruation, the women completed the 4 surveys again. The women then switched capsules in a cross-over design and continued the study for an additional menstrual cycle. The final assessment was repeated at menstruation. Statistical analysis of the 4 surveys was performed to examine efficacy.ResultsOxaloacetate/vitamin C supplementation during PMS significantly improved depression, perceived stress, anxiety, aggression, and suicidal ideation. The mean improvement in depression was 54.1%, 35.8% for perceived stress, 51.43% for generalized anxiety, and 17.8% for aggression. Suicidal ideation was reduced by 47.9%. All results were highly significant.ConclusionA combination of oxaloacetate and vitamin C supplementation helped to alleviate depression, anxiety, perceived stress, aggression, and suicidal ideation symptoms associated with PMS.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03509714

Treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorders with combined oral contraceptives

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) with severe psycho-emotional disorders. The frequency of occurrence of PMDD in women of the reproductive period of the Russian Federation is estimated at an average of 15.6 %. The development of PMDD is based on the individual sensitivity of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides to fluctuations in the levels of sex steroid hormones of the ovulatory menstrual cycle, therefore, hormone therapy drugs are used for PMDD therapy — combined oral contraceptives (COC) that suppress ovulation.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of COC containing drospirenone in the treatment of PMDD.Materials and methods. 78 women of the reproductive period underwent a comprehensive examination and treatment of PMDD symptoms with contraceptives containing 30 mg of ethinyl estradiol and 3 mg of drospirenone (Midian).Results of the study. The age of patients with PMDD averaged 33.7 years; 55 % of women were between 25–34 years old; 97 % needed contraception; all women represented in the group had higher education, normal menstrual function and body mass index. After 3 months of treatment, there was a statistically significant decrease in pain of various localization, problems with appetite, difficulties in communicating with others, sleep disturbances, and an increase in productivity at work, at home and in school. After 6 months of treatment, COC psycho-emotional symptoms, such as depression, anger, irritation, emotional lability, anxiety, tension, loss of control, significantly regressed, while the effectiveness of therapy reached 50 % relative to the original background. Physical symptoms of PMS, such as swelling of the mammary glands, pain of various locations, sleep disturbances, were stopped on average by 70 %.Conclusions. COC containing drospirenone can be used to treat severe premenstrual syndrome, i. e. PMDD.

Salvia officinalis Reduces the Severity of the Premenstrual Syndrome

Background: This study aims to investigate the effects of Salvia officinalis on the severity of the premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Methods: This was a triple-blinded randomized clinical trial on 90 college students in Tehran, Iran. The participants were randomly divided into 2 groups who were treated with 500-mg Salvia officinalis capsules or placebo once a day for 2 consecutive months. Data were collected using a questionnaire and a daily form for recording symptoms of PMS. Results: The mean decreases in severity of the symptoms in the Salvia officinalis extract-treated group during the first and second months after treatment were 19.84% and 23.42%, respectively. The comparison of the PMS physical and psychological symptoms demonstrated a decrease following treatment in both groups, with more remarkable reduction in the Salvia officinalis group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Salvia officinalis is an effective alternative agent to reduce the severity of psychological and physical symptoms of PMS.

The Correlation Between Some Body Composition Indices and Premenstrual Syndrome in Young Females

Background : Different body composition indices may indicate various physiological statuses. Objectives : The current study aimed at investigating the correlation between body composition indices (body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), and abdominal fat) as well as physical and psychological symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Methods : The current cross sectional study was conducted on 60 voluntary female students of Shiraz University (age: 18 - 25 years) in December 2016. Inclusion criteria were regular menstrual cycles, being single, no pregnancy, and no history of thyroid disease, polycystic ovaries, cancer, diabetes, and diagnosed psychiatric complications. Subjects completed Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire. Weight and height of subjects were recorded to calculate BMI, BFP and abdominal fat were calculated using the body composition analyzer. The Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results : The results of the current study revealed significant and positive correlation between BMI and physical symptoms of PMS (P = 0.045), BMI and psychological symptoms (P = 0.024), BFP and physical symptoms (P = 0.019), BFP and psychological symptoms (P = 0.023), abdominal fat and physical symptoms (P = 0.017), and abdominal fat and psychological symptoms of PMS (P = 0.049). Conclusions : The higher level of body composition indices were related to higher PMS symptoms and abdominal fat was the most important predictor for PMS symptoms.

The effect of 8\xa0weeks aerobic exercise on severity of physical symptoms of premenstrual syndrome: a clinical trial study

BackgroundPremenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common disorder among women of reproductive age. Nearly 40% of women report problems with their menstrual cycles. Exercise is one of the recommended treatments to reduce symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The present study was conducted to determine the effect of 8 weeks aerobic exercise on severity of physical symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS).MethodsThis study was a randomized clinical trial (IRCT2015021721116N1) that was performed on 65 students living in student dormitories of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2016, Iran. Samples were randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. The intervention group engaged in 8 weeks of aerobic exercises, three times a week, and 20 min for each session. The tools were research unit selection questionnaire, midwifery and personal particulars, temporary determination of premenstrual syndrome, Beck Depression, recorded daily symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and Borg scale. We analyzed the data using SPSS software and Mann–Whitney U test and Friedman test.ResultsAt the beginning of the study, both control and intervention groups were homogeneous. The results of independent t-test showed that among the physical symptoms of the premenstrual syndrome in the intervention group compared to the control group, at the end of the study, headache (p = 0.001), nausea, constipation diarrhea (p = 0.01), swollen (p = 0/001) had a significant reduction. Also, the comparison of the difference between the mean of the signs at the beginning and the end of the study, bloating (p = 0.01), Vomiting (p = 0.002), hot flashes (p = 0.04), increase in appetite (p = 0.008) were significantly decreased.ConclusionAerobic exercise as one of the ways to treat premenstrual syndrome can reduce the physical symptoms of the syndrome.Trial registrationName of registry: Zahra Mohebbi Dehnavi.IRCT registration number: IRCT 2015021721116 N1.Registration date: 2015 − 08-28.Registration timing: retrospective.

Comparing the Effects of Vitamin B1 and Calcium on Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) among Female Students, Ilam- Iran

Background Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a combination of physical, psychological and emotional symptoms that occur periodically before menstruation and disappear with the onset of menstruation. There are some therapeutic methods mostly according to the clinical trials that reduce the prevalence and intensity of symptoms of PMS by unknown mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Calcium and vitamin B1 on Premenstrual syndrome among female students. Materials and Methods: This is a triple-blind clinical trial conducted on 210 female students living in dormitories of Ilam University of Medical Sciences who had PMS. PMS symptoms questionnaire was used to investigate the symptoms. Participants were assigned in 3 groups of 70 people with the following regimen: group 1 received one pill containing 100 milligrams vitamin B1, group 2 received Calcium pills and group 3 received placebo. The participants in all groups took medicines for 2 months and then reported the intensity of their symptoms by the questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics, using SPSS-16. Results: In groups receiving vitamin B1, Calcium and placebo, the intensity of physical and psychological symptoms as well as general symptoms of PMS had a remarkable reduction (P<0.05). However, comparison between intervention and control groups showed that the reduction in intensity of symptoms in groups receiving supplements (vitamin B1 and Calcium) (P<0.05). Vitamin B1 and Calcium had equal effects on improvement of physical symptoms of PMS, but Calcium reduced psychological symptoms better than vitamin B1. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that both vitamin B1 and Calcium reduce physical symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, but in terms of reducing psychological symptoms Calcium was more effective.

THE EFFECT OF CINNAMON ON PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS OF PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS

Background: Menstruation is a landmark in every female's life. Premenstrual syndrome is a particularly commonest gynecological complains in adolescent stage, in Egypt the prevalence of PMS was found to be (89.6 %) among medical students of Ain Shams University. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of cinnamon on physical symptoms of premenstrual syndrome among adolescent girls at Mansoura University. A quasi-experimental research design was utilized. The study setting was conducted at nursing School of Mansoura University. A purposive sample of 150 students complains from premenstrual syndrome from September 2012 to May 2013 study that served as a one arm intervention. Three tools were used to collect data, the first tool; was structured questionnaire sheet, the 2nd tool was the present assessments tool to assess severity of physical symptoms of PMS and the third tool was satisfaction Likerts scale for measure the level of student's satisfaction from using cinnamon as a way of relieving physical symptoms. The Results: More than half (52%) of nursing school students had menarche at age 10, also around half 41.3% of students were sever general body discomfort while more than half of them 56% have moderate abdominal pain pre-intervention. After intervention by using cinnamon there were highly significant positive effects to decrease symptoms from baseline to post dairy one and post dairy two. It's clearly the association that highly significantly positive relationship between the reductions of severity of physical symptoms and regularity of taking cinnamon, also approximately three quarter of the student were satisfied from the positive effect of cinnamon. Conclusion: There were highly significant positive effect in reduction of severity of PMS physical symptoms after regular taking cinnamon packet supplementation and most of students were satisfied from the effect of the cinnamon. Recommendation: Raising the awareness of adolescent girl about the safety and efficacy of a herbal therapy especially cinnamon

Baduanjin exercise improved premenstrual syndrome symptoms in Macau women

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Baduanjin, a traditional Chinese medical exercise, on improving premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms in women. MethodsForty reproductive age women with PMS in Macau practiced standardized Baduanjin exercise for three menstrual cycles. A questionnaire, the daily record of severity of problems (DRSP), was used to measure symptom severity. DRSP was filled out every day starting from the last cycle before exercise (i.e., the first menstrual cycle) to the third cycle after exercise initiation (i.e., the fourth menstrual cycle). The total scores and the scores of each item during the 5 premenstrual days and follicular phase (5-9 postmenstrual days) were calculated. ResultsAfter exercise, the total DRSP scores during the 5 premenstrual days and differences in the total DRSP scores between the 5 premenstrual days and the follicular phase were both significantly reduced. Of note, the physical symptom total scores in the 5 premenstrual days and the differences between its total score in the 5 premenstrual days and in the follicular phase were both significantly reduced. The differences between the total scores of depressed mood, anxious mood, loss of interest, and reduction in social activity during the 5 premenstrual days and the follicular phase were also reduced. ConclusionsBaduanjin exercise was able to improve the mental and especially the physical symptoms of PMS.

The effects of vitamin B1 on ameliorating the premenstrual syndrome symptoms.

Background and Objective:The premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a series of physical, mental, and behavioral symptoms with various severities, and disturbs social and personal relationships. The syndrome appears during luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and is a common disorder of reproductive age. Different treatments have been introduced for the syndrome due to its unknown complicated causes. Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) may reduce symptoms of the syndrome through affecting the performance of coenzymes in the metabolism of carbohydrates and main branch of amino acid that plays an important role in appearance of physical and mental symptoms of the PMS. Vitamin B1 is the first water-soluble discovered vitamin. As it is effective in neural activity and muscle tonus in different body activities, including hematopoiesis, metabolism of carbohydrates, activities of the central nervous system and neuromuscular system, etc., it can be effective in this dysmenorrhea that is a disorder resulting from uterine muscular contraction. There are no enough studies and research on the effect of vitamin B1 on the symptoms of PMS, therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of vitamin B1 on the symptoms of PMS in students residing at dormitories of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences in 2013.Methods:In this double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, 80 students with PMS residing at dormitories of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences were divided randomly into two groups, vitamin B1 and placebo. The severity of the symptoms of PMS in two cycles, before the intervention and during the intervention, was recorded by the students. The data were collected using an information collection form, PMS provisional diagnosis form, daily status record form, Beck Depression Inventory. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results:There was no significant difference among the studied variables in terms of confounding variables. The comparison of vitamin B1 group before the intervention with that after the intervention showed that vitamin B1 reduced mean mental (35.08%) and physical (21.2%) symptoms significantly (P < 0.0001). Moreover, there was a significant difference between vitamin B1 and placebo groups in terms of mean mental and physical symptoms, as mean symptoms in vitamin B1 group was significantly lower than that in the placebo group (P < 0.0001).Conclusion:It seems that vitamin B1 is effective in recovery of mental and physical symptoms of PMS. Therefore, this vitamin can be used to reach a major goal of midwifery, that is, reduction of symptom severity of PMS, without any side effects.

Prevalence of psychological and physical symptoms of pre-menstrual syndrome in female students

Pre-menstrual syndrome is a group of physical and psychological symptoms that appears before the menstrual bleeding. The study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of physical and psychological symptoms of pre-menstrual syndrome among female students of technical institution in Gorakhpur. Two hundred students aged between 15 to 30 years participated in the study and revealed that all the participants of study experienced at least 1 symptom of PMS. The most common physical symptom was joint\muscle pain (77.5%). Lethargy (83%) was reported as most common psychological symptom in the study. The study concluded that prevalence of PMS is 100%, and most of the participants (42.5%) have more than 5 symptoms of PMS.