Physical States Research Articles

Topological Speed Limit.

Any physical system evolves at a finite speed that is constrained not only by the energetic cost but also by the topological structure of the underlying dynamics. In this Letter, by considering such structural information, we derive a unified topological speed limit for the evolution of physical states using an optimal transport approach. We prove that the minimum time required for changing states is lower bounded by the discrete Wasserstein distance, which encodes the topological information of the system, and the time-averaged velocity. The bound obtained is tight and applicable to a wide range of dynamics, from deterministic to stochastic, and classical to quantum systems. In addition, the bound provides insight into the design principles of the optimal process that attains the maximum speed. We demonstrate the application of our results to chemical reaction networks and interacting many-body quantum systems.

Doubling of physical states in the quantum scalar field theory for a remote observer in the Schwarzschild spacetime

We discuss the problem of canonical quantization of a free real massive scalar field in the Schwarzschild spacetime. It is shown that a consistent procedure of canonical quantization of the field can be carried out without taking into account the black hole interior, so that in the resulting theory the canonical commutation relations are satisfied exactly, and the Hamiltonian has the standard form. However, unlike some papers, in which the expansion of the quantum field in spherical harmonics is used, here we use an expansion in scatteringlike states for energies larger than the mass of the field. This reveals a strange property of the resulting quantum field theory---doubling of the quantum states, which look as having the same asymptotic momentum to an observer located far away from the black hole. This purely topological effect cannot be eliminated by moving away from the black hole.

The role of motion in visual working memory for dynamic stimuli: More lagged but more precise representations of moving objects.

While most visual working memory studies use static stimuli with unchanging features, objects in the real world are often dynamic, introducing significant differences in the surface feature information hitting the retina from the same object over time (e.g., changes in orientation, lighting, shadows). Previous research on dynamic stimuli has shown that change detection is improved if objects obey rules of physical motion, but it is unclear how memory for visual features interacts with object motion. In the current study, we investigated whether object motion facilitates greater temporal integration of continuously changing surface feature information. In a series of experiments, participants were asked to report the final color of continuously changing colored dots that were either moving or stationary on the screen. We found that the reported colors "lagged behind" the physical states of the dots when they were in motion. We also observed that the precision of memory responses was significantly higher for stimuli in the moving condition compared to the stationary condition. Together, these findings suggest that memory representation is improved - but lagged - for moving objects, consistent with the idea that object motion may facilitate integration of object information over longer intervals.

A case for chaos theory inclusion in neuropsychoanalytic modeling

ABSTRACT This paper provides a review of the current evidence of chaoticity at various scales of the brain–mind as well as the application of nonlinear tools in clinical practice. Based on these data, a hypothesis is formulated that the brain–mind at various scales can operate in linear, nonlinear, or hybrid modes, such as chaotic functioning accompanied by noise. A thesis formulated by Mark Solms that living systems must minimize Shannon’s entropy of physical states (sensory entropy) is considered. Based on the data presented in this paper, minimization of entropy in that sense appears to be describing only a part of the complex brain–mind dynamics. Studies evaluating measures of entropy specifically developed for real living systems such as discrete timescale entropy (ApEn) suggest that a decrease in EEG entropy can be observed in some neuronal processes (e.g. progression from wakefulness to deep sleep); however, EEG entropy is observed to be increasing at other times and in other modes of brain–mind functioning (e.g. progression from deep sleep to REM to wakefulness; and from vegetative state to wakefulness). The clinical implications are discussed. This paper proposes that it would be theoretically and clinically beneficial for future revisions of neuropsychoanalytic models to consider including the chaos theory framework.

A Survey of Schematic of Vacuum Quantum Structure: General Equation for EBSF (III)

Researchers have studied the tiny effects on fundamental particles with quantum vacuum about electroweak baryogenesis mechanism, and so we can further confirm the existence of the energy basic state field of the universe (EBSF). In this paper, we propose that since EBSF is the basic energy field of the universe, the quantum superfluid state must be the next level of fundamental particle (quantum state). Then, the evolution-developed equation of quantum superfluid state should be nonlinear, which can be expressed by the fraction fractal KdV equation temporarily. This paper reviews the experimental observation of superfluid in the existing physics and puts forward the possible quantized form of KdV equation. One possible form of quantization for vortex line of quantum superfluid is the string theory, so the basic physical scenario and foundation of physics in string theory can be revealed. At the same time, through the analysis of the KdV equation and general solution, the quantum superfluid state as the lowest level physical state in physics can only be described by the topological invariant in topological theory, and its image is not uniform; there are common phenomena such as energy gap, non-closure and wrinkle (folding) in Euclidean space. Based on the physical view of the formation of the universe system, the idea of nonlinear evolution development, and the idea of level emergence theory in condensed matter physics, the authors preliminarily put forward the framework of the hierarchy theory of physics. The paper also analyzes the broad physical prospect of quantum superfluid physics (or new physics). The essence of some physics concepts is further clear, some present physics puzzles that are expected to be solved, but their mathematical physical processing has considerable complexity, and some rigorous proofs need further breakthroughs.

Analysis and Examination of the Role of Cultural Intelligence and Strategic Thinking in Organizations (A Review Study)

Objective: The present study analyzes and examines the role of cultural intelligence and strategic thinking in organizations. Methods: This research was conducted descriptively using library resources and written information and data. Findings: In recent decades, due to the expansion and creation of various formal and informal organizations and institutions, as well as the increasing growth of relationships and information among these organizations through various means such as virtual spaces, media, etc., competition among them has intensified. Among these, organizations succeed whose leaders possess high cultural intelligence and strategic thinking in specific situations. The fast-paced world of today has confronted organizations, as the fundamental foundations of society, with extensive changes. The findings of the research showed that having cultural intelligence is a vital need for all managers and employees. Successful managers learn well the key to dealing with different national, transnational, and organizational cultures and make the most of their teachings. This type of intelligence improves the understanding and comprehension of intercultural interactions. Conclusion: For an individual to be recognized as culturally intelligent, they must be able to make correct judgments in situations with various perceptions and cues and gain an accurate understanding of that situation. Individuals with higher levels of cultural intelligence have greater control over expressing emotions and physical states, leading to the growth and development of the organization.

The Genesis of a Tune in the Mind: An Interview Study About Novel Involuntary Musical Imagery Repetition

Musical creativity, as a cognitive process, is inherently associated with musical imagery. Several composers have claimed to have composed music based on creative ideas that emerged involuntarily in their minds in the form of musical imagery. Research on musical imagery has been growing steadily, yet studies exploring its link to creativity have been scarce. Furthermore, although reports in the musical imagery literature reveal the existence of novel involuntary musical imagery repetition (IMIR, i.e., music that comes to the mind spontaneously and repeatedly), research to date has focused on familiar IMIR. In a semistructured interview with six composers, we investigated the internal and external experience of the novel IMIR. Based on grounded theory analysis, two descriptive models emerged: the first model indicated that the intramusical features of novel IMIR were described in terms of musical, technical, and linguistic dimensions. The repetition within novel IMIR was related to functional outcomes associated with experience, and there was a sense of familiarity when experiencing novel IMIR. The occurrence of novel IMIR was more likely when individuals reported being in specific mental and physical states. Finally, the emotional valence associated with the novel IMIR was classified as mainly positive. The second model indicated a variety of methods to aid the translation of internal novel IMIR into external musical composition and a range of factors that influence the success of that translation. The findings are discussed in the context of existing literature on creativity, musical imagery, and spontaneous cognition.

THERMOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON MIXTURES OF HIGH AND LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENES

The results of the research into the influence of polymer components ratio - high density polyethylene and low density polyethylene, into the regularity of changes in thermomechanical properties are presented. The deformation was measured at varying temperatures and at a constant load of 0.5 kg/cm2 . The concentration of low density polyethylene varied from 10 to 100 wt%. Depending upon the test temperature, two physical states were recorded: solid and viscous-flow. It found that as the concentration of low-density polyethylene in the composition of the polymer mixture rose, the transition temperature in the softened state and the transition temperature in the viscous-flow state dropped. The differential thermal analysis curves showed that at low concentrations of high density polyethylene, two-phase systems were formed in the polymer system. The study of composites based on aluminum hydroxide and a mixture of high and low density polyethylene revealed a wave-like change in softening and viscous-flow temperatures.

Dynamics of Wave function Decay: The Quantum Entanglement and the Measure Process

By employing the stochastic extension of the Madelung quantum-hydrodynamic description within a discrete methodology, we establish a solution using the path integral approach to explore the progression of quantum states' superposition. This investigation aims to understand the eventual establishment of a stable end-state configuration amid the backdrop of gravitational background fluctuations. The model identifies the circumstances that lead to a limited range of interaction for the quantum potential, allowing for the emergence of sizeable, classically described macroscopic phenomena. The theory unveils the lowest achievable level of uncertainty in an open quantum system and investigate its congruence with the localized behaviors of macroscopic classical systems. The study examines agreements and differences with decoherence theory and the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, and evaluates the impact of wave function decay on the measurement process. The work also shows that the model is able to explain the deviation of the deuterium state in nuclear physics from the quantum mechanics

Mode coupling in a coastal wedge due to quasi-crossing of range-dependent modal eigenvalues.

A specific mechanism of mode coupling in a waveguide propagation is studied when two range-dependent eigenvalues approach each other. This phenomenon is analogous to the so-called quasi-crossing of states in atomic physics (Landau-Zener theory). It is considered for the sound wave propagation in a coastal wedge in the presence of a sound-speed profile. The change in mode composition and the corresponding spatial variability of the sound field are analyzed by using modes coupling equations and the parabolic equation with a field decomposition over adiabatic modes, respectively.

Topological Equivalence Theorem and Double-Copy for Chern-Simons Scattering Amplitudes.

We study the mechanism of topological mass generation for 3-dimensional Chern-Simons gauge theories and propose a brand-new topological equivalence theorem to connect scattering amplitudes of the physical gauge boson states to that of the transverse states under high-energy expansion. We prove a general energy cancelation mechanism for N-point physical gauge boson amplitudes, which predicts large cancelations of E4 - L → E(4 - L) - N at any L-loop level (L ⩾ 0). We extend the double-copy approach to construct massive graviton amplitudes and to study their structures. We newly uncovered a series of strikingly large energy cancelations E12 → E1 of the tree-level 4-graviton scattering amplitude under high-energy expansion and establish a new correspondence between the 2 energy cancelations in the topologically massive Yang-Mills gauge theory and the topologically massive gravity theory. We further study the scattering amplitudes of Chern-Simons gauge bosons and gravitons in the nonrelativistic limit.

Teacher Leadership and Teacher Wellbeing: Any Relationship?

Teacher wellbeing and leadership are pivotal for effective education. This study examines the interplay between teacher leadership and teacher wellbeing. Utilizing a positivist approach, data was collected through surveys from 383 teachers across six countries. Statistical analysis including structural equation modeling, regression analysis, and correlation assessments were conducted. Findings imply a reciprocal relationship between teacher leadership and wellbeing in educational contexts, with leadership exerting a marginally stronger positive impact on wellbeing. Optimal wellbeing, encompassing positive physical, emotional, and cognitive states, equips teachers to engage in effective leadership practices, foster collaborations, and contribute actively to improved teaching and learning. Conversely, compromised wellbeing, stemming from heightened stress, burnout, or dissatisfaction, hinders effective leadership, dampening motivation, creativity, and problem-solving abilities. These findings underscore the pivotal role of cultivating teacher leadership in fostering an environment conducive to teacher wellbeing, and vice versa.

Inclusive mental well-being through environmental design

According to the WHO, physical factors of the built environment are considered health determinants and may affect people’s mental health in terms of cognitive perceptions and physical responses, triggering anxiety, stress and depression states. The purpose of this research is to carry out a literature review of the environmental, spatial and technological conditions that may affect occupants’ mental health and well-being, particularly fragile people, such as elderly and people with sensorial or cognitive impairments including autism, and that may work as positive stimuli, or hindering elements for their abilities and limitations, influencing decisively their quality of life. The result consists in a set of guidelines for the design of the built environment that, starting from people with special needs, can improve liveability conditions by favouring mental health and well-being for all.

Commentary on “Opportunities for Participation: A Mapping Review of Inclusive Physical Activity for Youth With Disabilities”

“How could I apply this information?” The growing childhood obesity epidemic is multifactorial. Inadequate amount of physical activity is a significant contributor. Access to, and participation in, physical activity is further restricted in children with physical and/or intellectual disability, particularly those with lower levels of mobility, behavioral, and medical challenges. This study suggests that group-based inclusive and adapted physical activity programs serve important roles in providing opportunities for physical activity in children with disabilities; however, these opportunities are not available to all children. “What should I be mindful about when applying this information?” The American Physical Therapy Association states that physical therapists have a role in wellness as well as participation Physical therapists have the responsibility to collaborate with families and other professionals (eg, coaches, teachers, and trainers) to identify opportunities for physical activity participation and to provide support for activity modification and/or adaptive equipment to maximize a child's ability to participate. Group-based and inclusive physical activity provides social opportunities that are beneficial for children with and without disabilities. Development of programs that are strategically designed to capitalize on the facilitators described in this study and that overcome the known barriers is essential. Programs must be dependable in schedule and qualified support, be advertised broadly, and offer a variety of choices that appeal to children with multiple interests. Dora Gosselin, PT, DPT, PhD Board Certified Pediatric Clinical Specialist High Point University High Point, North Carolina Duke Medicine Durham, North Carolina Ashley Collier, JD, MS, BA Mother of adolescent with cerebral palsy Greensboro, North Carolina

Принципы метафизики как основания физики

The author’s generation was taught a negative attitude towards metaphysics, which was interpreted as an idealistic, outdated, even harmful teaching. At pre­sent, the attitude towards metaphysics is changing significantly. Moreover, the modern development of fundamental physics forces metaphysics to return a key role in the understanding of the world. The article presents arguments in­dicating the relevance of the revision of ideas about the foundations of funda­mental physics. The solution to this problem corresponds to a topic that has long been attributed to metaphysics. Nowadays there is little recognition of the importance of metaphysics – the time has come to formulate the key principles of metaphysics on the basis of the achievements of physics (and not only) and follow them in the formation of new foundations of fundamental physics. The text of this article provides a justification for this statement in connection with the urgent problem of revising the foundations of physics according to an “unusual plan for many”. The analysis of the current state of physics made it possible to identify key metaphysical principles, and also forced us to ad­dress the problem within the framework of a relational approach to physics, the ideas of which were laid down in the works of G. Leibniz and E. Mach. It is noted that by now a mathematical apparatus has already been developed, which made it possible to begin solving the problem on the basis of a rela­tional-metaphysical approach to physical reality. The main features of this ap­paratus are briefly characterized and the results of a fundamental nature al­ready obtained are shown.

Privacy-Informed Consensus-Based Secondary Control in Cyber-Physical DC Microgrids

This letter proposes a privacy-informed consensus-based distributed secondary control strategy for cyber-physical dc microgrids. The proposed secondary control approach relies on output masks that transform the physical states of distributed generation (DG) units to some auxiliary states by adding local perturbation signals, whose functional form and parameters are local and chosen independently by each DG unit. The proposed privacy-preserving secondary control scheme ensures voltage balancing and proportional current sharing in dc microgrids without disclosing the physical states of distributed generation units to their neighbors. Simulation case studies confirm the theoretical results of this letter.

A Security-Enabled Safety Assurance Framework for IoT-Based Smart Homes

The exponential growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has paved the way for safety-critical cyber-physical systems to enter our everyday activities. While such systems have changed the way of our life, they brought new challenges that can adversely affect our life and the environment. Safety and security are two such challenges that can hamper the widespread adoption of new IoT applications. Due to a large number of connected devices and their ability to control critical physical assets, intended attacks on them and/or unintended failure events such as mechanical failure of devices, communication failure, and unforeseen bad interactions between connected devices may cause an IoT-based system to enter into unsafe and dangerous physical states. By considering the importance of safety and security of IoT systems, in this article, we present a security-enabled safety monitoring framework for IoT-based systems. In the proposed framework, we utilize design-time system analysis to create an executable monitoring model that enables run-time safety assurance provision for a system via collecting and analyzing operational data and evidence to determine the safety status of the system and then taking appropriate actions and securely communicating the safety status and recommended actions to the system users to minimize the risk of the system entering into an unsafe state.

Multi-Quadrotor Formation Tracking with Mixed Constraints: A Hierarchical Rolling Optimization Approach

This paper investigates the formation tracking problem of multi-quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that are subject to mixed constraints including practical constraints on the velocities, attitudes and input forces. These constraints present significant challenges in regulating and controlling the UAVs. We propose a hierarchical control strategy with a local layer based on model predictive control (MPC) and a cyber layer based on cooperative rolling optimization control (CROC) to simultaneously solve the tracking problems and ensure that corresponding physical states conform to the mixed constraints. In the cyber layer, each node only needs to receive the information from its neighbor nodes to perform synchronous rolling optimization. The cost function of the local open-loop rolling optimization problem is constructed by penalizing the estimated predicted (E-predicted) trajectory and the estimated assumed (E-assumed) trajectory error in the cyber layer. In the local layer, we propose a control algorithm to solve the mixed constraint problem of the cascade control of the quadrotors, which consists of inner loop attitude control and outer loop trajectory tracking control. Finally, the simulation results are presented to analyze the performance and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

A Reevaluation of Cryolava Flow Evolution: Assumptions, Physical Properties, and Conceptualization.

Cryovolcanism has been invoked to explain numerous features observed on icy bodies. Many of these features show similar morphologies to volcanic features observed on Earth suggesting similar physics involved in their formation. Cryovolcanism lies at the intersection of volcanology and hydrology but as such, no one model from either discipline satisfactorily represents cryolava flow emplacement. We produced a new model for cryolava flow evolution that draws from both disciplines to track the physical, chemical, and thermal states of a hypothetical H2O-NaCl flow on a Europa-like body as it evolves away from the vent. This model is currently restricted to compositions on the water-rich side of this chemical system and only predicts emplacement up to the turbulent to laminar transition. Modeling the laminar regime and a broader compositional space will be dealt with separately. Concentrations between 5 and 23wt% (H2O-NaCl eutectic) and initial flow thicknesses of 0.1, 1, 10, and 100m were set as initial conditions. Model results suggest that flow may reach 40-60vol% solids before transitioning to laminar flow. The thermal budget for these flows is dominated by the heat loss from vaporization in the low-pressure environment. This model produces length to thickness aspect ratios, for the given compositions, that are broadly consistent with candidate cryovolcanic features on Ceres and Titan. These first-order comparisons are not ideal and suggest the need for future modeling of cryovolcanic features in at least two dimensions.

The effects of long-term freezing-thawing on the strength properties and the chemical stability of compound solidified/stabilized lead-contaminated soil.

Solidification/stabilization (S/S) is the prevalent remediation technology for the treatment of heavy metal contaminated soils (HMCS). However, under the stress of complex surrounding environments, S/S effectiveness tends to deteriorate and freezing-thawing is one of the most influential natural forcings. The different proportions of cement, lime, and fly ash were used as the compound curing agents to treat solidified/stabilized HMCS with varying levels of lead contamination. The resulting samples were subjected to up to 180 freeze-thaw cycles (F-T) (1day per cycle). Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests and semi-dynamic leaching tests were performed after F-T to explore the strength evolution of compound solidified/stabilized lead-contaminated soils (Pb-CSCS) and the chemical stability of the lead within. The results show that the F-T duration changes the strength deterioration mechanism of Pb-CSCS under F-T. There has been a shift in the main influencing factor from the promoted curing agent hydration by short-term F-T to the structural damage of the specimen induced by prolonged F-T. The variations in leachate pH, lead leachability, and diffusion ability with progressing F-T revealed a degradation effect of the changes in the physical states of water and crack propagation brought by F-T. These unfavorable changes in soil structure and chemistry reduce the acid resistance of Pb-CSCS. Notably, fly ash and cement facilitate the strength maintenance of Pb-CSCS under long-term F-T conditions. Curing formulations that included both cement and fly ash significantly increased the UCS of treated soils by up to 80.5% (3 F-T) under short-term F-T. In contrast, the curing formulation without fly ash lost 51.8% of its strength after 180 F-T conditions. For lead stabilization, cement and especially lime are favored. The results showed a 25% increase in the total proportion of lime and cement in the curing agent formulation, leading to a 41.4% reduction of lead leaching risk.