New materials such as polymer composites and ceramics have found a wide variety of applications in modern industries including energy, aviation, and infrastructure. This is due to their superior properties as compared to traditional materials. For process enhancement, quality control, and health monitoring where these types of materials are used, we need sophisticated techniques to non-destructively inspect the complex geometries inside the structures produced. What are required are low-cost, non-contact, high-resolution inspection tools. The techniques used for this non-destructive inspection, including triangulation, eddy currents, and X-ray-based micro-3D computing tomography (μ-CT), have obvious limitations. Triangulation has poor spatial resolution relative to the size of the cracks that need to be detected, and observations are usually restricted to the surface of the object. Eddy currents—although effective at finding cracks or inclusions—have poor volumetric resolution. Finally, μ-CT is tedious and expensive due to the complex algorithms and physical shielding required. However, in the past decade, low-coherence interferometry (LCI) has been developed as a powerful tool for the crosssectional imaging of microstructures in biological tissue: 2 for such applications the technique has become known as optical coherence tomography. Most of the new materials mentioned above are optically translucent to particular wave bands, similar to biological tissue. LCI can, therefore, potentially be used in industrial inspection as a contact-free, non-destructive technique with resolutions in the ten-micron range. We have been working on applying LCI to industrial inspection, something that has, so far, only been done a few times. A low-coherence interferometer includes a broadband light source, a fiber coupler, a detector, a sample and a moving mirror, Figure 1. The schematic setup of the low-coherence interferometer.