Physical Self-Description Questionnaire Research Articles

Psychometric properties of the movement-specific reinvestment scale for Chinese children

The propensity for movement-specific reinvestment (conscious attention to and control of body movements) is associated with disrupted movement in a variety of circumstances. Movement-specific reinvestment has been shown in adults but not in children, as a validated psychometric instrument for children does not exist. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of a movement-specific reinvestment scale adapted specifically for Chinese children (MSRS-CC). Five hundred and thirty-two Chinese pre-adolescents aged 7–12 yrs completed the MSRS-CC and a sub-sample completed the questionnaire again three weeks later. Another sub-sample also completed the Coordination and Health subscales of the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (short form; PSDQ-S). All questionnaires were completed during normal school days. A random half of sub-sample two completed the MSRS-CC before the PSDQ-S and the other half completed the questionnaires in reverse order. Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated sound internal validity for the Scale's two-factor model. Acceptable internal reliability and satisfactory test–retest reliability were evident. Convergent and discriminant validity with the Coordination and Health subscales of the PSDQ-S was also tested, but the former was unexpectedly low. Future research using objective measures of motor proficiency was recommended. The MSRS-CC is potentially a valuable tool for understanding movement control by children in research as well as in clinical and educational settings.

Participation, self-esteem and self-concept in adolescent equestrian athletes

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between sport participation, global self-esteem and physical self-concept in female adolescent equestrian athletes. 239 participants (239 females aged 12-20 years old, 15.96±2.422 years) completed the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ) and a modified version of the Sport Activity Questionnaire through an online survey. Seven of the original 11 PSDQ subscales were chosen to be analysed: physical activity, body fat, sports competence, global physical self-concept, appearance, flexibility and global self-esteem. Global self-esteem and appearance were significantly affected by participant age (H(2) = 7.27, P<0.05 and H(2) = 9.58, P<0.01, respectively). Physical activity was significantly affected by discipline (H(4) = 13.39, P<0.05). Implications of these findings suggest that equestrian sport could act as a contributor to self-esteem in female adolescents and as such more emphasis on psychosocial development within the British Equestrian Federation's Long Term Athlete Development programme (LTAD) and the training of equestrian coaches needs to be implemented by governing bodies.

Physical Self-Concept Differences in Young Male Mexican Athletes and Non-Athletes

The object of this study consists of determining the differences and similarities in the physical self-concept between two groups, male high school Mexican students who practice a sport on a regular basis and those who do not. A total sample of 385 male students, aged 13-19 years participated in this study; 173 of them practice a sport and participate regularly in tournaments and/or competitions. A quantitative approach with a descriptive and transversal survey design was used. All the participants completed the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire. The results of the one-way multivariate analysis of variance, followed by the one-way univariate analyses of variance, show that students who do not participate in a sport regularly are the ones who obtained lower scores in the health, coordination, activity, sports competence, strength, flexibility, endurance, global physical self-concept, and global self-esteem subscales. However, in the appearance subscale, no statistically significant differences were found. Further research should reply these findings in larger samples.

Psychometric properties of the short form of the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire in a French adolescent sample

Recently, Marsh, Martin, and Jackson (2010) developed a short form of the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ-S). The objective of this study was to examine the construct validity and reliability of the PSDQ-S in a French adolescent sample. The sample used in this study included 587 adolescents (247 boys, 340 girls, Mage=14.62). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) provided support for the factor validity, reliability, and convergent validity of the French version of the PSDQ-S, and the strict measurement invariance of PSDQ-S across sex, age, body mass index, and involvement or not in sport practice. However, the latent means of the PSDQ-S did not prove to be invariant across sex, body mass index, and involvement or not in sport practice. Our findings suggest that the French version of the PSDQ-S presents acceptable psychometric properties and may be confidently used in research or practice to assess the physical self-conceptions of French adolescents.

Influence of Physical Activity on Students' Physical Self-Concept and Satisfaction with Life: Physical and Non-Physical Education Students' Perspective

The purpose of this study was to find out the physical and non-physical education students' physical self-concept and satisfaction with life. 470 students were selected randomly as two sample groups (physical and non-physical education students). The valid sample of study was 449. The two questionnaires employed here were the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ-S) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. SPSS 20 was used to produce the Mean; Standard Deviations; Pearson's Product Moment Correlation (r); One-Sample and Independent t-test; and One-Way Analysis of Variance. The results showed that there was significance difference between non-physical and physical education students about physical self-concept in overall and nine dimensions, except factors of coordination and sport. Physical education students have a positive understanding of their body in comparison with non-physical education students. The results also showed, there was no significance difference between non-physical education and physical education students about satisfaction with life. There was also relatively low positive correlation between physical self-concept in overall and nine dimensions with life satisfaction except factors of body Fat and health. Based on the research findings, it is recommended that universities should pay more attention to physical activity.

Self-esteem Mediates Associations of Physical Activity with Anxiety in College Women

Why physically active people report lower anxiety than those who are inactive is not well understood. This study examined whether physical self-concept and self-esteem would mediate associations of self-reported physical activity with anxiety disorder symptoms in young women, a population with elevated risk for developing an anxiety disorder. College women (N = 1036, mean ± SD = 19.7 ± 2.9 yr) completed a physical activity recall, the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire, and the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to test hypotheses. Physical activity had inverse, indirect associations with symptoms of social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder that were expressed through its positive association with specific and global physical self-concept and self-esteem. The results were independent of similar relations with symptoms of major depressive disorder as well as the estimates of body fatness and use of psychotropic medications. These correlational findings provide initial evidence to warrant experimental efficacy trials of whether physical activity will reduce the risk of anxiety disorders in young women by positive influences on physical self-concept and self-esteem.

Latent Profile Analysis of the Physical Self-Description Among Chinese Adolescents

The purposes of this study were to validate the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ-S) and examine the physical self-description profiles using Latent Profile Analysis with a Chinese sample. A total of 744 secondary school students in China took part in the study. While the results provided support for internal reliability and discriminant validity of the PSDQ-S, they indicated convergent validity required further testing. In addition, three distinct profiles were identified with unique physical self-concept and different levels of physical activity participation. The study showed the PDSQ-S is useful in differentiating groups of adolescents with different levels of physical self-concept.

Mental health, physical self and lucid dreaming: A correlational study in sport students

It has been suggested that the ability of lucid dreaming is positively associated with both mental and physical health, which in turn seem to be also interrelated. The present study in a sample of sport science students (N = 72) investigated the relationships between lucid dream frequency, mental well-being and physical self-concept. Marsh’s Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ) was used to measure physical self-concept as an indicator of physical fitness and two measures of mental well-being were employed, the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS) and Ryff’s Scale of Psychological Well-Being (RPWB). Lucid dreaming was found to be negatively associated with physical self-concept. Although mental well-being was not related to lucid dream frequency, it was strongly associated with physical self-concept. Future research should explore the relations in a less physically active and fit sample, and could benefit from including external physical measures.

Testing Measurement Invariance Across Spanish and English Versions of the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire: An Application of Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling

Test of measurement invariance across translated versions of questionnaires is a critical prerequisite to comparing scores on the different versions. In this study, we used exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) as an alternative approach to evaluate the measurement invariance of the Spanish version of the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ). The two versions were administered to large samples of Australian and Spanish adolescents. First, we compared the CFA and ESEM approaches and showed that ESEM fitted the data much better and resulted in substantially more differentiated factors. We then tested measurement invariance with a 13-model ESEM taxonomy. Results justified using the Spanish version of the PSDQ to carry out cross-cultural comparisons in sport and exercise psychology research. Overall, the study can stimulate research on physical self-concept across countries and foster better cross-cultural comparisons.

Young Mexican Physical Self – Concept Gender Comparisons

The purpose of the present study was to compare the profiles of physical self-concept between men and women high school Mexican students. A total sample of 709 participants, 324 women and 385 men, aged 13-19 years participated in this study. A quantitative approach with a descriptive and transversal survey design was used. All the participants completed the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire. Results of the one-way multivariate analysis of variance, followed by the one-way univariate analysis of variance, showed that in comparison among women, men obtained higher scores on the health, coordination, activity, sports competence, strength, flexibility, endurance, global physical self-concept and global self-esteem subscales. However, in the body fat and appearance subscales statistically significant differences were not found because of the differences between men and women in their perception of their physical self-concept, these findings suggest that in order to design any intervention for improving the perceived physical self-concept of the students, the variable gender should be taken into account.

Effects of Intercollegiate Athletics and Intramural Participation on Self-Esteem and Physical Self-Description: A Pilot Study

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of intercollegiate athletics and intramural participation on self-esteem and physical self-description. Subjects were given the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale to measure each variable. A total of 52 responses from three different groups of students at a small, private, Christian university: 1) athletes ( n = 14), 2) intramural participants ( n = 20), and 3) students who did not participate in either type of activity ( n = 18)—were collected through the on-campus mail system. Chi square statistics were run using SPSS software, version 21. Results showed statistically significant differences ( p < .05) in two subcategories of the PSDQ: Global Physical Self-Concept and Strength. Although no statistical significance was found in comparing total PSDQ and Rosenberg scores between the different groups, athletes scored higher than intramural participants on both tests, and both active groups scored higher than students who did not participate in either activity. From this study it can be concluded that intercollegiate athletics and intramural activities positively affect self-esteem and physical self-description, at least moderately, in those who participate in them.

Using Rating Scales for the Assessment of Physical Self-Concept: Why the Number of Response Categories Matters

The current study employs Mixture Distribution Rasch models to compare the psychometric properties of two rating scale variants (original rating scale with six response categories, N = 806 school students; a variant with four response categories, N = 905 school students) for five specific scales of the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire. In most cases, two-class solutions best fit the data, suggesting the presence of response sets. In particular, students with low educational levels appear to have problems using as many as six response categories correctly. The results suggest that for the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire, using a rating scale with six response categories can be problematic, because the test scores’ psychometric qualities may be substantially different across (latent) subgroups. Also discussed are implications for the use and development of assessment measures in general, highlighting the suitability of item response theory models for the investigation of test score properties and the need for heterogeneous samples.

Comparisons between Asian and German male adolescent athletes on goal orientation, physical self-concept, and competitive anxiety

The primary objective of this study is to look for differences and similarities in motivation, self-concept, and competitive anxiety between adolescent German and Chinese soccer and Pakistani hockey players. This comparison is done within the cross-cultural framework of individualism/collectivism with Germans regarded as representatives of an individualistic country, and Chinese and Pakistani players as representatives of collectivist countries. Measures were subscales of the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire, the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire, and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory 2 in Chinese, German, or English versions. Chinese and Pakistani players reported higher ego- and lower task-orientation and higher cognitive anxiety than German players. Results in somatic anxiety were mixed with Germans scoring higher than Chinese, but lower than Pakistani athletes. With respect to physical self-concept, there were large differences in all subscales between German and Chinese players, and smaller, but significant differences in three subscales between German and Pakistani players, with Germans always scoring higher. Results are discussed based on the framework of individualism and collectivism and on the demands of competitive sports.

Pubertal development, physical self-perception, and motivation toward physical activity in girls

We examined the differences in physical self-perception and motivation toward physical activity in early- and mid-adolescent girls. Body Mass Index (BMI) and pubertal status, assessed by means of the Tanner scale, were collected in 11-year-old (n=74) and 13-year-old girls (n=60). The assessment included six scales from the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire, the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale, and the Situational Intrinsic Motivation Scale. Age differences emerged, with older girls showing a poorer physical perception and lower scores in intrinsic motivation and enjoyment of physical activity. In the subsample of 11-year-olds, findings showed that more developed girls reported a poorer physical perception on the scales of body fat, global physical self-concept, and appearance, and a lower score in the PACES positive scale. Results underscore the need to promote interventions aimed at encouraging active lifestyles among children and adolescent girls, in order to prevent overweight prior to pubertal onset.

A Comparison of Physical Self-Concept between Physical Education and Non- Physical Education University Students

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare physical self-concept between physical education and non-physical education university students. The target population of this study was all male and female physical education and non-physical education university students in Rasht city of Iran. After translating the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ) and adjusting some of the questions, the questionnaire was evaluated by the specialists in the context of validity and the reliability achieved by test-retest (Cronbach Alpha value of 0.84). We then, according to the Odineski table selected 180 physical education and non-physical education males and 190 physical education and non-physical education females opportunistically. The collected data was analyzed by 2×2 MANOVA for determine differences between genders and major. The results showed mean vector scores of physical education in the following scales: physical activity; global physical; competence; sports; strength; endurance and flexibility were significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of non-physical education major students. Also, the results shows that mean vector scores of male in the following scales: health; coordination; physical activity; body fat; global physical; competence; sports; global physical self-concept and global esteem were significantly (p<0.05) higher than female. Based on the result of our study the physical self-concept non-physical education and female is lower, than that physical education and male. The results may reflect that male and physical major education students, who usually spend more time on physical activity and sport training to have better fitness and skill oriented self concept than their counterparts.

The Physical Self Description Questionnaire: Furthering Research Linking Physical Self-Concept, Physical Activity and Physical Education

Physical self-concept (PSC) is an important mediator of outcomes in physical education. Recent research has demonstrated that PSC contributes to improving levels of physical activity and skill development associated with physical education classes beyond what can be explained by prior measures of skill and activity. PSC represents a discreet domain within Shavelson, Hubner and Stanton’s (1976) multidimensional, hierarchical model of self-concept. The Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ; Marsh, 1996) was developed to measure PSC through scales measuring nine specific and two global components of PSC. This instrument has proven to be psychometrically robust. Applying advanced methodology in the development of short forms of an established instrument, we demonstrate a new short form of the PSDQ (PSDQ-S), which retains good reliability and a well defined, replicable factor structure. This new instrument, tested with the Australian general community, utilizing a construct validation approach, would be an excellent measure for use in physical education programs.

Physical Self-Concept and Its Relationship to Exercise Dependence Symptoms in Young Regular Physical Exercisers

The study aimed to investigate whether certain physical self-concept predicted exercise dependence among young regular exercisers using a multidimensional prospective. One hundred fifty-two regular gym users, 78 were male and 74 female, completed: Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ), Exercise Dependence Scale-21 (EDS-21), and Eating Disorder Inventory–2 (EDI-2). Correlation and regression analyses were calculated to determine the relationship between physical self-concept and exercise dependence behaviors. Significant correlations were found, confirming that exercise dependence symptoms and physical self-concept domains were related each other. In addition, results showed that multidimensional model of self-concept is a strong predictor for exercise dependence both for male and female.

Tunisian validation of a measuring instrument: Physical SelfDescription Questionnaire (PSDQ)

Tunisian validation of a measuring instrument: Physical SelfDescription Questionnaire (PSDQ)

Body image, eating behaviours and weight management in DanceSport competitors

As a physical pursuit, DanceSport combines elements of dance performance and elements of sporting competition where, much like aesthetic sports (such as gymnastics, diving, and figure skating), competitors seek not only to be technically superior to their competitors, but also to present a particular ‘ideal’ look while they compete. Research has shown that in both areas individually, dance and aesthetic sports, participants are at an increased risk of developing unhealthy attitudes and behaviours regarding body image, eating patterns and weight management strategies compared to general populations. DanceSport competitors may be at equal or even greater risk of developing body image disturbance and disorders of eating and weight management than has been previously seen in dancers or athletes in aesthetic sports, however, no research (prior to this study) had yet to examine these issues in a DanceSport population. The current research explored physical self-perceptions and patterns of eating and weight control behaviours of male and female ballroom dancers competing at the elite levels of DanceSport. In addition the current research examined factors inherent in the DanceSport environment that may increase the risk for competitors developing body image distortion, disordered eating, and eating disorders. In study 1, a quantitative questionnaire package comprising the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-2), the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ), and a demographics and weight management strategies survey (designed specifically for this study) was distributed to DanceSport competitors (completions: females n = 20, males n = 6) currently competing in Australia. Subscale scores were calculated for the EAT-26, EDI-2 and PDSQ. Demographic data and weight management strategies were analyzed using summary statistics. Appropriate t tests were undertaken and effect sizes calculated to compare male and female dancers. On the basis of participant responses in the questionnaires, 4 dancers (2 male, and 2 female) were invited to participate in study 2, which consisted of follow-up semi-structured interviews to explore in greater detail their eating and weight management behaviours and to examine the influence of the competitive DanceSport environment on dancers’ physical self-perceptions and related behaviours. Analysis of the data revealed three key findings: DanceSport competitors, particularly females, are at risk of developing body image concerns, unhealthy attitudes regarding eating and engaging in problematic weight management behaviours; elements of the DanceSport environment (training, competition and social) contribute to the risk for competitors; and DanceSport competitors exhibit similar personal qualities (such as perfectionism, high motivation) typically seen in eating disordered populations.

Relationship between Physical Self-Concept and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Spanish Schoolchildren

The main purpose of the present study was to analyze the relationship between physical self-concept and health-related physical fitness in Spanish children. A sample of 72 Spanish primary education students (boys, n=39; girls, n=33; aged 10-12) participated in the study. All students were evaluated in the same week during the Physical Education classes. Physical Self-Description Questionnaire and EUROFIT test battery were applied to measure the variables (physical self-concept and physical fitness, respectively). Pearson's correlation analysis showed that physical self-concept and physical fitness are positively related (r=.55; p<.001). Physical self-concept and health-related physical fitness are positively associated in Spanish children.