Physical Self-concept Scores Research Articles

체육수업에 참여하는 고등학생의 신체적 자기개념 인식간 상호관계 분석

This study aims to identify the main predictors of the impacts of the application of the Physical Activity Promotion System program on the physical self-concepts of high school students in a school physical education classroom setting. The study population included 175 students from J. High School located in C. Independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the impacts of gender and physical fitness level on physical self-concept scores of high school students, and the correspondence analysis method was used to identify the relationships among the sub-factors of the students’ perceptions of the choices and decisions of their physical self-concepts.
 The results of the study are as follows.
 First, there were no significant differences in physical self-concept scores between gender and fitness level. Second, although the perceptions of physical self-concept change according to gender and physical fitness level were generally positive, there were some areas (cardio-respiratory endurance, flexibility, strength and muscular endurance, physical activity, overall body, appearance, and body fat) that would require customized guidance activities to improve physical fitness.

EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AND BODILY IDENTITIES FORMATION OF YOUTH SPORTS ADAPTED PRACTITIONERS. COMPARISON OF PEOPLE WITH CONGENITAL AND ACQUIRED DISABILITIES.

This cross-sectional and randomized block design (RBD) study, after describing the physical self concept in people with motor disabilities who play sports, examined the differences among athletes with congenital and acquired disabilities and assessed the influence of age of disability onset of disability on physical self-concept perceptions. Participants were 201 athletes with acquired motor disabilities and 185 athletes with congenital motor disabilities. Ages ranged from 12-28 years, and athletes were both male and female. For RDB, we used a specific function of SPSS 29.0 to create and compare two random samples of 100 participants with congenital disabilities and 100 participants with acquired disabilities. All participants completed an adapted version of the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ-S; Scarpa et al. 2010), on which we tested group differences with ANOVA. We also used Pearson correlation analysis to examine the relationship between both ‘years without disability’ and dimensions of physical self-concept. All participants achieved positive average scores. Participants with acquired disabilities had higher average physical self-concept scores, relative to those with congenital disabilities. Early onset of physical disability negatively affected self-esteem, and most dimensions of physical self-concept.

Examining Relationships Between Sexual Risk–Safety Behaviors and Physical Self-Concept by Gender: A Cluster Analytical Approach

Sexual behavior is a normative part of the transition to adulthood, with an intensification of the exploration of the links between self-esteem, sexuality, and physical self-perception. This study examined the relationships between sexual risk–safety behaviors and overall physical self-concept, as well as its subdimensions such as sports ability, body fat, or physical appearance. In total, 652 sexually active undergraduate students completed self-report questionnaires about their physical self-concept and sexual behaviors. A clustering analysis described three patterns of sexual risk–safety behaviors for women and men: “birth control in a relationship,” “condom users,” and “risk-takers.” The male sexual risk-takers reported lower physical self-concept scores related to physical competence and masculinity subdomains (sports, endurance) than the two other groups. The female sexual risk-takers expressed significantly higher physical dissatisfaction in social and femininity subdomains (appearance, strength) than the others. A lack of perceived physical coordination was strongly associated with sexual risk-taking for both men and women. These findings indicate that specific subdomains of physical self-concept may be linked to safer or risky sexual behaviors in a sample of young adults.

Yoga Training in Junior Primary School-Aged Children Has an Impact on Physical Self-Perceptions and Problem-Related Behavior.

The present pilot study investigated the effects of yoga training, as compared to physical skill training, on motor and executive function, physical self-concept, and anxiety-related behavior in junior primary school-aged children. Twenty-four participants with a mean age of 8.4 (±1.4) years completed either yoga or physical skill training twice a week for 6 weeks outside of regular school class time. Both forms of training were delivered in an individualized and child-oriented manner. The type of training did not result in any significant differences in movement and executive function outcomes. In terms of physical self-concept, significant group differences were revealed only for perceived movement speed such that yoga training resulted in perceptions of being slower while physical skill training resulted in perceptions of moving faster. Analysis of anxiety related outcomes revealed significant group effects only for avoidance behavior and coping strategies. Avoidance behavior increased following yoga training, but decreased following physical skill training. In addition, following yoga training, children showed an increased use of divergent coping strategies when facing problematic situations while after physical skill training children demonstrated a decrease in use of divergent coping strategies. Changes in overall physical self-concept scores were not significantly correlated with changes in avoidance behavior following yoga training. In contrast, following physical skill training increased physical self-concept was significantly correlated with decreases in avoidance behavior. In sum, exposure to yoga or physical skill training appears to result in distinct effects for specific domains of physical self-concept and anxiety-related behavior. Further studies with larger samples and more rigorous methodologies are required to further investigate the effects reported here. With respect to future studies, we address potential research questions and specific features associated with the investigation of the effects of yoga in a sample of school-aged children.

¿Es posible mejorar el Autoconcepto Físico universitario mediante una Intervención Cognitiva?

ResumenEl interés de las últimas décadas por conocer los factores implicados en el bienestar de los sujetos ha mostrado la estrecha relación entre la satisfacción vital y el autoconcepto físico. Contribuir a mejorar la autopercepción física de las personas, especialmente adolescentes y jóvenes, mejoraría tanto su salud física como mental, repercutiendo positivamente sobre su satisfacción vital. Pese a ello, no se conocen propuestas de intervención que desde una perspectiva multidimensional y cognitiva, traten de mejorar el autoconcepto físico de los jóvenes. En este estudio se evalúa la aplicación de un programa de estas características con 171 estudiantes de universidad; 112 sujetos en el grupo experimental (edad media 20.00, SD=3.36) y 59 en el grupo control (edad media 20.10, SD=3.44). Los resultados no indican mejoras estadísticamente significativas de los sujetos tras la intervención, no obstante ofrecen una información relevante que contribuye a perfilar las características a incluir en el diseño de futuras implementaciones más eficaces y exitosas. AbstractThe interest raised during the last decade about the factors involved in the personal well-being has shown the positive relation between life satisfaction and physical self-concept. Improving the physical self-perception of people, especially during adolescence and youth, would contribute both to their physical and mental health, and therefore, boost their life satisfaction. Despite, there is a lack of intervention proposals which, from a multidimensional and cognitive approach, try to improve the physical self-concept of young people. This study presents and evaluates a program of those features, implemented with 171 university students (112 in the experimental group, mean age 20.00 years, SD = 3.36; and 59 students in the control group, mean age 20.10 years; SD = 3.44). After the completion of the program, no statistically significant differences are found in the physical self-concept scores of the experimental group. Nonetheless, those results suppose relevant information in order to identify the more effective characteristics which future intervention designs should consider to booster their efficacy.

Physical self-concept and participation in physical activity in college students.

The purpose of this study was to test for reciprocal relations between physical self-concept (PSC) and participation in physical activity (PA). We hypothesized specific bidirectional relations between PSC dimensions (i.e., perceived endurance, sport competence, and strength and body attractiveness) and participation in corresponding types of PA (i.e., aerobic exercise, team or individual sports, and strength training). Data were gathered from a questionnaire administered to 386 college students on two occasions (3-month interval) to assess PSC and participation in PA. Structural equation modeling revealed significant paths between each PSC dimension and a corresponding type of PA. Students reported more frequent participation in a specific PA when their PSC concerning the activity was high. However, participation in a given PA did not predict subsequent PSC in the corresponding PA, suggesting unidirectional effects of previous PSC on subsequent participation in PA. These results suggest that strategies that contribute to reinforce PSC are primordial and should be targeted as key components for designing effective PA behavior change interventions among college students.

Effects of The Coach Approach Intervention on Adherence to Exercise in Obese Women

The link between physical activity and weight loss has precipitated interest in interventions to foster adherence to exercise. It has been suggested that treatment effects, when significant, should be analyzed to determine theory-based mediators. This research assessed possible mediation of changes in Physical Self-Concept, Exercise Self-Efficacy, Total Mood Disturbance, and Body Areas Satisfaction scores on the relationship between exercise session attendance and participation by obese women in a 6-month treatment based on tenets of social cognitive theory (n = 73) or a control condition (n = 64). Participation in the treatment was associated with significantly greater exercise session attendance and significantly greater improvements in Physical Self-Concept, Exercise Barriers Self-Efficacy, and Body Areas Satisfaction. Overall, changes in the assessed psychological factors demonstrated significant mediation of the association between group membership and exercise session attendance, R2 = .23, with only change in Physical Self-Concept scores providing a significant unique contribution. Extensions of this research across different sample types, and with longer durations, were suggested to refine theory and, ultimately, improve exercise adherence treatments.

Dose-Response and Self-Efficacy Effects of an Exercise Program on Vigor Change in Obese Women

BackgroundThe causative factors of exercise-induced mood change remain unclear. The objective of this study was to clarify the relationship of exercise with change in vigor (energy level). MethodsObese women in an exercise support treatment (n=122) or control condition (n=70) were assessed on vigor, exercise barriers self-efficacy, and physical self-concept at baseline and at month 6. Exercise session attendance was also assessed in the treatment group. The relationship between exercise attendance and vigor change was tested. Multiple regression analyses also tested whether change in vigor was predicted by exercise barriers self-efficacy and physical selfconcept scores, both at baseline and change over 6months. ResultsVigor, exercise barriers self-efficacy, and physical self-concept were significantly improved in the treatment group only. Exercise session attendance was not significantly related to change in vigor. Multiple regression analyses indicated that exercise barriers self-efficacy and physical self-concept scores, both at baseline and change from baseline to month 6, explained a significant portion of the variance in changes in vigor (R2adj=0.13 and 0.21, respectively). In post hoc analyses, entry of depressed mood (indicated by a cut point on depression score) into the regression equations increased the variance accounted for to R2adj=0.15 and 0.25, respectively. ConclusionsFindings supported behavioral explanations of the exercise-mood change relationship emanating from social cognitive and self-efficacy theory. The use of manageable amounts of exercise early in the weight loss intervention process was suggested.

The Relationship of College Students' Perceptions of Their BMI and Weight Status to Their Physical Self-Concept

Background: Limited research has investigated the relationship between individuals'perceptions of their weight status and their physical self-concept. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of college students' Body Mass Index (BMI) scores (i.e. based on actual and self-reported data), and whether students' physical self-concept scores differed according to their perceived weight status classification. Methods: Undergraduate students (N=192) completed the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire and self-reported their height, weight and weight status classification. Actual height and weight measurements were also obtained. Results: Analysis using tests revealed females had significantly higher actual than self-reported BMI scores (t = 2.16, df = 125, P< 0.05), but not males. ANOVA analyses revealed a significant difference for both females and males in physical self-concept scores based on their weight status category. Discussion: Results suggested that males, but not females, accurately reported their height and weight scores, but neither gender tended to accurately identify their weight status. Females and males who perceived themselves to be of normal weight reported the highest physical self-concept scores. Translation to Health Education Practice: To understand and assess students' health risks better, health educators shouldprovide students information about (1) accurately identifying and understanding their BMI scores, (2) their weight status implications, and (3) the effects that weight status may have on physical self-concept.

Weight Loss and Psychologic Gain in Obese Women—Participants in a Supported Exercise Intervention

Physical activity is a predictor of maintained weight loss; however, causal mechanisms are unclear. Behavioral theories suggest that associated psychologic changes may indirectly affect weight loss. We sought to test the association of a behaviorally based exercise support protocol (The Coach Approach [CA]), with and without a group-based nutrition education program (Cultivating Health), with adherence to exercise and changes in physiologic and psychologic factors, and to assess theory-based paths to weight and body-fat changes. The study took place in YMCA wellness centers. Study participation was open to formerly sedentary obese women. Study participants were randomly assigned to the CA Only (CA; n = 81), The CA Plus Cultivating Health (CA/CH; n = 128), or the control (n = 64) group. We contrasted dropout and attendance rates and changes in self-efficacy (SE), physical self-concept (PSC), total mood disturbance (TMD), body areas satisfaction (BAS), and select physiologic factors during a six-month period. We also analyzed proposed paths to weight loss. The CA and CA/CH groups had significantly lower exercise dropout rates (χ(2) = 44.67, p < 0.001) and higher attendance rates (F = 10.02; p < 0.001) than the control group did. Improvements in body fat, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference were significant for only the CA and CA/CH groups. Significant improvements in TMD, PSC, and BAS scores were found for all groups, with effect sizes greater in the groups incorporating the CA protocol. Within the five paths assessed, entry of changes in TMD and BAS scores into multiple-regression equations, along with SE and PSC scores, increased the explained variance in exercise session attendance from 5% (p = 0.01) to 16% (p < 0.001). Exercise session attendance was significantly associated with changes in body fat (r = -0.41; p < 0.001) and BMI (r = -0.46; p < 0.001). Counseling based on social cognitive and self-efficacy theory may increase exercise adherence and improve variables indirectly related to weight and body-fat reductions. Although decreases in body fat and BMI were obtained, they appeared less pronounced than psychologic improvements. Additional research on interrelations of physical activity, psychologic factors, and weight change is warranted for development of obesity treatments.

Relations of Physical Self-Concept and Muscular Strength with Resistance Exercise-Induced Feeling State Scores in Older Women

Formerly sedentary older women (M age = 62 yr.) were recruited for either a wait-list control group (n=40) or a 10-.wk., 3 days/wk. weight-training treatment group (n=48). Only the treatment group demonstrated significant before- to after-exercise improvements on the Exercise-induced Feeling Inventory scales of Positive Engagement, Revitalization, Tranquility, and Physical Exhaustion (ds = /.43/ to /.96/). For the treatment group, scores on Physical Self-concept of the Tennessee Self-concept Scale: 2 were significantly correlated (r = -.28) with after-exercise changes in Physical Exhaustion. Muscular strength was significantly correlated with after-exercise changes in scores on three Exercise-induced Feeling Inventory scales (rs= /.28/ to /.31/). Simultaneous entry of Physical Self-concept scores and muscular strength into multiple regression equations increased the explained variance in Exercise-induced Feeling Inventory score changes for each of its four scales. Statistical significance was only reached, however, on changes in the Physical Exhaustion scale (R2 = .16, p = .02). Limitations and implications for theoretical development and applied use were discussed.

Physical Self-Concept in Adolescence: Generalizability of a Multidimensional, Hierarchical Model Across Gender and Grade

This study tests the generalizability of the factor pattern, structural parameters, and latent mean structure of a multidimensional, hierarchical model of physical self-concept in adolescents across gender and grade. A children's version of the Physical Self-Perception Profile (C-PSPP) was administered to seventh-, eighth- and ninth-grade high school students ( N= 2,969). Two a priori models were proposed: a confirmatory factor-analytic model that hypothesized a multidimensional model of physical self-concept; and a structural equation model that proposed a multidimensional, hierarchical structure with global self-concept as a superordinate construct and physical self-concept as a domainlevel construct that explained the covariances among the subdomains of the C-PSPP. Both models satisfied multiple criteria for goodness-of-fit with the data in each individual gender and grade sample. Tests of the invariance of the factor pattern and structural parameters for both models across gender and grade were supported. Consistent with findings from other contexts, latent means analysis suggests that physical self-concept scores was higher in boys.

The relationship between dieting and body image, body ideal, self-perception, and body mass index in Turkish adolescents

The current study examined the roles of body image, ideal body weight, self-perception, and body mass index (BMI) on the dieting behavior of Turkish adolescents. The 531 subjects who participated in the study ranged from 15 to 17 years old and were recruited from five selected high schools in Ankara. They completed the Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents (SPPA), the Body Image Satisfaction Questionnaire (BISQ), and the Dieting Status Measure (DiSM). Height and weight were measured. Dieting adolescents received significantly lower scores than nondieters for most of the BISQ items and for the physical appearance and global self-worth subscales of the SPPA. A thinner body ideal, the physical appearance domain of self-concept, and low global self-worth were the predicting factors of frequent dieting. However, BMI and body image dissatisfaction were not predicting factors. The results indicate that a thinner body ideal, low self-worth, and low physical self-concept have more significant effects on body dissatisfaction and dieting than being actually overweight does. Furthermore, high physical self-concept scores and body satisfaction may not necessarily preclude having a thinner body ideal and, hence, dieting in girls.

Preliminary Development of the Childrenʼs Physical Self-Concept Scale

The development of a healthy eating style and physical fitness regimen in adolescence or adulthood might be contingent on physical self-concept in childhood. Most available measures of physical self-concept are inappropriate for use with 1st and 2nd grade children, so the present study developed, piloted, and partially validated the 27-item Children's Physical Self-Concept Scale (CPSS), which assesses Global physical self-concept and subscales of Physical Performance, Physical Appearance, and Weight Control behaviors in children 6 to 11 years of age. The test exhibits adequate test-retest reliability and internal consistency. A comparison of 316 normal and overweight children indicated that normal-weight children obtained higher Global physical self-concept scores and higher subscale scores. In addition, the CPSS distinguished test groups of diabetic, overweight, and normal-weight children in a contrasted-groups analysis.

Evaluation of a training program for persons with SCI paraplegia using the Parastep®1 ambulation system: Part 4. Effect on physical self-concept and depression

Objective: To determine whether persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) paraplegia who participated in an electrical stimulation walking program experienced changes in measures of physical self-concept and depression. Design: Before-after trial. Setting: Human SCI applied research laboratory. Participants: Volunteer sample of 12 men and 3 women with SCI paraplegia, mean age 28.75 ± 6.6yrs and mean duration of injury 3.8 ± 3.2yrs. Intervention: Thirty-two FNS ambulation training sessions using a commercially available system (Parastep®1). The hybrid system consists of a microprocessor-controlled stimulator and a modified walking frame with finger-operated switches that permit the user to control the stimulation parameters and activate the stepping. Outcome Measures: The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered before and after training. Only the Physical Self subscale of the TSCS was analyzed. After training, individual interviews were performed to assess participants' subjective reactions to the training program. Results: A repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that desired directional and statistically significant changes occurred on the Physical Self subscale of the TSCS ( F(1,14) = 8.54, p < .011) and on the BDI ( F(1,14) = 5.42, p < .035). Conclusions: Subsequent to the ambulation training program there were statistically significant increases in physical self-concept scores and decreases in depression scores.

Psychological Predictors of Physical Performance and Fitness in U.S. Navy Personnel

The primary purpose of this study was to assess the role of selected psychological variables (mood scales, physical estimation and attraction, self-concept, and personality scales) in predicting physical performance and fitness measures in a sample of military volunteers. Subjects were 102 (64 men, 38 women) active-duty U.S. Navy personnel. Subjects performed a number of physical performance and fitness tasks (including a 1.5-mile run, a carrying task, and an incremental treadmill test) and completed a battery of standardized questionnaires. Results were analyzed by canonical correlation and multiple regression techniques. Although the men and women differed significantly on measures of size, body fat, and physical capacity, there were no significant gender differences in scores on questionnaire measures. The primary findings of this study are as follows: (a) Questionnaire measures, most notably Attraction, Estimation, and Physical Self-concept scores, can be used to predict both performance and fitness measures in a group of U.S. Navy active-duty personnel; (b) there are no differences between men and women in significance of primary questionnaire measures to predict perfor- mance or fitness measures, with Attraction, Estimation, and Physical Self- Concept scores being the best predictors among all questionnaire measures in both gender groups. Other significant predictors were Ambition and Prudence for men and Vigor, Anger, and Confusion for women. Theoretical implications are discussed.

Self-Concepts of Japanese-American Children

The self-concept of Japanese-American and White American fourth- through sixth-grade children was measured using a modification of the Piers-Harris Children's Self Concept Scale. This study centered upon comparisons between the two ethnic groups, with special interest in the physical self-concept. Nine items dealing with the physical self-concept that were thought to be especially sensitive to Japanese-American populations were used with the original Piers-Harris Children's Self Concept Scale. Significant results between the two groups were found only on the three physical self-concept scores. The Japanese-American children scored significantly lower than the White American children on all three physical scores. No significant differences were demonstrated on any of the other subscales or the composite score.