Theory Of Quantum Physics Research Articles

The Concepts of E Infinity: An elementary introduction to the Cantorian-fractal theory of quantum physics

Abstract The paper is an elementary introduction to the concepts of E Infinity of quantum physics. In the first two paragraphs the main concepts of E Infinity theory and some of the principle results have been explained. Subsequently we address the problem of the mass spectrum of the standard model from various viewpoints, in particular, from that of gravitational instanton. Particular attention is paid throughout the paper to giving an intuitive grasp for an extended theory of vacuum fluctuation based on Dirac's hole theory and E Infinity theory. It is further shown how the golden mean and logarithmic scalings can be used to understand quantum gravity and how the new transfinite Dirac's theory can explain certain anomalous positron production which was observed by several experimental groups worldwide.

The VAK of vacuum fluctuation,: Spontaneous self-organization and complexity theory interpretation of high energy particle physics and the mass spectrum

The paper is a rather informal introduction to the concepts and results of the E-infinity Cantorian theory of quantum physics. The fundamental tools of complexity theory and non-linear dynamics (Hausdorff dimensions, fat fractals, etc.) are used to give what we think to be a new interpretation of high energy physics and to determine the corresponding mass-spectrum. Particular attention is paid to the role played by the VAK, KAM theorem, Arnold diffusion, Newhaus sinks and knot theory in determining the stability of an elementary “particle-wave” which emerges in self-organizatory manner out of sizzling vacuum fluctuation.

The Cantorian interpretation of high energy physics and the mass spectrum of elementary particles

The paper is a rather informal introduction to the concepts and results of the E-infinity Cantorian theory of quantum physics.

Variance of deviations from the average mode count for rectangular wave guides

The periodic orbit theory of quantum physics is used to find a series form expression for the variance of the difference between the true number of modes in a rectangular wave guide at a particular wave number and the average number. The resulting expression corresponds to one known for the saturation spectral rigidity and is independent of boundary conditions. Corrections for degenerate orbits are given for selected cases and the results are found to agree well with numerical estimates.

Constrained quantisation, gauge fixing and the Gribov ambiguity

The role played by gauge fixing in the description of superselection sectors for a simple quantum mechanical system is analysed. By viewing this as a theory with constraints, it is shown that the possibility of having inequivalent gauge fixing conditions (Gribov's ambiguity) signals the existence of inequivalent reductions to a physical quantum theory, and hence superselection sectors. This point of view is contrasted with the more traditional one that identifies superselection sectors with inequivalent quantisations. It is argued that emphasising the role of gauge fixing (along with the Gribov problem) will allow for a more direct extension of these ideas to quantum field theory and, in particular, gauge theories.

Quantum logics seen as quantum testability theories

We confute logical relativism and forward an alternative epistemological thesis according to which nonstandard “truth-theories” are considered theories of some metalinguistic concepts which do not coincide with truth, this latter concept being exhaustively described by Tarski's truth theory. We illustrate our viewpoint by showing that quantum logics can be interpreted as quantum physical theories of the metalinguistic concept of testability in the framework of a suitable classical language (with Tarskian semantics).

Kazimir Malevich: the climax of disclosure

Kasimir Malevich's (1878-1935) sudden and startling realization of a nonrepresentational way of painting, which he called Suprematism, stands as a seminal moment in twentieth-century art. Rainer Crone and David Moos trace the artist's development from his beginnings in the Ukraine to his involvement with Futurist circles in Moscow through to the late 1920s and beyond. They convincingly demonstrate that Malevich's late representational painting, still widely misunderstood, solidifies his extraordinarily inventive stance. Against the historical background of distinctly Russian progressive cultural and scientific movements, the authors define affinities between Malevich's work and other nonpolitical revolutions: relativity and quantum theory in physics; the work of Roman Jakobson and the Prague School in linguistics; and the exploration of language in the writings of the poet Velimir Khlebnikov. They situate the artist within the fundamental epistemological shift from nineteenth-century objectivity to an all-pervasive modernist subjectivity, relying upon Malevich's contribution to illustrate the ways cultural production is mediated through various modes of transmission. Rainer Crone holds the Chair for Twentieth Century Art at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita t, Munich, and is adjunct professor of art history at Columbia University. David Moos is a doctoral candidate in art history at Columbia University.

Bell's Theorem and the Theory of Relativity

This paper starts with the observation that the combination of the so-calld EPR argument and Bell's theorem reveals one of the most paradoxical features of quantum reality, i.e. the no-separability of two contingent events. If we accept the conclusion of the revised EPR argument together with Bell's theorem, we are necessarily led to the denial of local causality which was presupposed by the original version of Einstein's criticism against quantum physics.. As the concept of local causality is a cornerstone of Einstein's theory of relativity, we next consider the problem of compatibility between the theory of relativity and quantum physics. Popper's proposal of going back to Lorentz's theory is examined and rejected because the quantum correlation of EPR is not to be interpreted as “an action at a distance” which we can control and use as the operational definition of absolute simultaneity. An inquiry into something like aether as hidden reality behind the theory of relativity is considered as retrogressive as the so-called hidden variable theory of quantum physics. Accepting the non-separability of local elements of reality as the undeniable fact, we discuss the possibility of a realistic interpretation of quantum physics which transcends scientific materialism and classical determinism. As an example of such projects, Stapp's theory is examined with respect to a Whiteheadean process philosophy which provides the meta-physical background for his realistic interpretation of quantum physics. Finally, we present another version of quantum meta-physics based on “the philosophy of organism” which is broad enough to include observer and observed, local causality and non-local correlation, space and time, and potentiality and actuality in the inseparable unity of physical reality.

Chaos and predicting varix hemorrhage

Despite a wide array of mechanisms implicated in esophagogastric varix hemorrhage, predicting the onset of bleeding or even identifying the dominant factor in its causation has proved elusive. In this article we re-examine variceal pathophysiology and hypothesize that bleeding is rooted in turbulent portal system flow, a phenomenon embodied in the ‘new’ science of chaos and the principles of non-linear, rhythmic fluid dynamics. Analogous to forecasting the weather, predicting turbulent flow hinges on defining the initial physical conditions, and, like the field theory of quantum physics, depends on probabilities and instabilities rather than direct proportional analysis. Based on the complex regional and systemic hemodynamic forces and local physical properties underlying formation and perpetuation of esophagogastric varices, we propose, as with climatologic events, that a relatively minor or remote physiologic adjustment may set into motion a sequence of destabilizing splanchnic blood flow kinetics that ultimately causes a varix to erupt. In other words, the onset of varix bleeding derives from a sudden, erratic switch from disorganized but stable to disruptive turbulent variceal blood flow, and as a ‘chaotic’ phenomenon, is likely to remain for the foreseeable future highly unpredictable.

Albert Einstein and Contemporary Western Philosophy of Science

Contemporary Western philosophy of science is formed via the multifarious interconnections and interactions between logical positivism and the various schools of thought represented by Karl Popper, Thomas Kuhn, Imre Lakatos, P. Feyerabend, and so on. It is a philosophical rethinking of contemporary natural science symbolized by Non-Euclidean geometry, the quantum theory of physics and mechanics, and the theory of relativity. In historical terms, one can trace the steps of their philosophy of science back to the eighteenth century. The relationship of the thought of David Hume and Immanuel Kant, for example, to classical natural science is similar to the relationship that exists between the various philosophical schools of thought that we have just mentioned and contemporary natural science. In these terms, we may very well consider Kant's and Hume's philosophy as "classical philosophies of science." In fact, Kant's "philosophy of criticism" was, in its entirety, a philosophical examination of classical natural science.

Outline of a classical theory of quantum physics and gravitation

It is argued that in the manner in which the Galilean-Newtonian physics may be said to have explained the Ptolemaic-Copernican theories in terms which have since been called classical, so also Milner's theories of the structure of matter may be said to explain present day quantum and relativistic theory. In both cases the former employ the concept of force and the latter, by contrast, are geometrical theories. Milner envisaged space as being stressed, whereas Einstein thought of it as strained. Development of Milner's theory from criticisms and suggestions made by Kilmister has taken it further into the realms of quantum and gravitational physics, where it is found to give a more physically comprehensible explanation of the phenomena. Further, it shows why present day quantum theory is cast in a statistical form. The theory is supported by many predictions such as the ratio of Planck's constant to the mass of the electron, the value of the fine structure constant and reason for apparent variations in past measurements, the magnetic moment of the electron and proton of the stable particles such as the neutron Λ and Σ together with the kaon, and a relation between the universal gravitational constant and Hubble's constant—all within published experimental accuracy. The latest results to be accounted for by the theory are the masses of the newly discovered ψ particles and confirmation of the value of the decay of Newton's gravitational constant obtained from lunar measurements. While this paper is being typed, new particles are rapidly being discovered—the latest being a neutral ψ particle. A short Appendix discusses the significance of these.

Neural theories of simple visual discriminations.

Simple visual discriminations such as detection of presence and recognition of small differences in the spatial and temporal patterns of objects have been explained in some detail in recent years by variants of the physical quantum theory. The present paper summarizes the status of an alternative group of theories, which is classed as neural, primarily to distinguish them from the physical quantum theory, and compares the two groups of theories. The neural theories are models of the visual system as a whole and include assumptions concerning the transformation of stimulus to sensory events, and the decision processes involved in discrimination. They are neural by inference only, and rarely specify the type of neural activity or the neural site at which the events occur. The bulk of the paper is devoted to a description of specific neural theories, attributable to the writer, concerned with (a) the detection process and the form of threshold probability data; and (b) the relation of threshold ΔI/I to I, and to the spatial and temporal characteristics of the stimulus. These theories are compared with selected related theories. The Swets–Tanner decision theory is contrasted with the present detection threshold theory and various lines of evidence are summarized. It is shown that data previously used to support the Swets–Tanner theory are inconclusive. Chief evidence against the Swets–Tanner theory comes from data obtained in a stimulus-comparison experiment, and from the contradiction implied when the relations assumed to exist between stimulus and sensory magnitudes over the threshold range are extended to a wider range. Evidence is presented which is in favor of the present theories and opposed to the neural theories of Graham and his colleagues which relate threshold ΔI/I to the spatial and temporal characteristics of the stimulus. This evidence comes primarily from detection thresholds for stimuli composed of twin spatial points or double temporal pulses, which the Graham theories cannot explain. In addition to spatial and temporal summation, double spatial and temporal stimuli exhibit probability summation whenever the sensory correlates of the stimuli exhibit twin modes. A 5–6 cps scanning mechanism is shown to exist which breaks up prolonged temporal stimuli and provides probability summation among the separate parts.

Psychical Monism

THE Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences of March 19 contains a communication from Mr. L. T. Troland of Harvard University entitled “Psychophysics as the Key to the Mysteries of Physics and Metaphysics.” The article is interesting as a revival of the once famous theory of mind-stuff put forward by W. K. Clifford in his lecture on “The Nature of Things in Themselves.” Mr. Troland connects it with several recent philosophical theories of psychical monism and brings it forward with particular reference to the consequences of adopting the principle of relativity and the quantum theory in physics, both of which, he contends, demand the recognition of the ultimate psychical nature of physical reality.