Physical Layer Security Technology Research Articles

A Reliable Physical Layer Key Generation Scheme Based on RSS and LSTM Network in VANET

With the rapid development of information and communication technology, Vehicular AD hoc Networks (VANET) has attracted more and more attention. In order to provide traffic safety services, vehicles frequently share information related to road traffic, such as vehicle motion data and traffic flow data. Reliable key generation is the basis of VANET security system construction. At present, most key generation schemes rely on a trusted third-party, so there are security risks. Traditional key agreement protocols have high overhead, and is not suitable for the latency-sensitive requirements of VANET. The physical layer security technology extracts the fingerprint of the wireless channel and the identity of the device, and generates the key quickly and in real time without the third party distribution. A physical layer key generation scheme based on Received Signal Strength (RSS) is proposed to realize Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) secure communications. Firstly, a network model based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network and Kalman Filtering is proposed to effectively enhance the reciprocity of physical layer information in dynamic environment. Secondly, a lossless quantization scheme is proposed, which achieves a lower bit disagreement rate and a higher bit generation rate. Thirdly, the inconsistent bits are corrected by fuzzy extractor, the confidentiality of the key exchange process is enhanced by zero knowledge proof, and the security of the key is improved by using hash function for privacy amplification. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed scheme has great improvements in data correlation, bit disagreement rate, bit generation rate and bit distribution randomness.

Toward Secure Transmission in Fog Internet of Things Using Intelligent Resource Allocation

Thanks to the full play of the synergy of local node sets, fog Internet of things technology has become the focus of many researchers. Unfortunately, the data transmission of the sensing terminal therein has the risk of being eavesdropped, due to the openness of the wireless channel and the large-scale deployment of different types of terminals. Meanwhile, the encryption method based on cryptography is difficult to apply to the Internet of things terminals with limited capacity because of its high computational complexity. This paper considers the use of physical layer security technology where the fog node improves the secrecy capacity of the desired channel by sending artificial noise to the untrusted third party to ensure the reliable transmission of data. Specifically, an intelligent resource allocation method based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed to realize the rapid allocation of link resources and interference noise power in the scene, where the relevant elements, such as state, action and reward, are reasonably designed. Simulation results demonstrate that the presented algorithm could effectively resolves the allocation problem, and its transmission delay obviously outperforms that of multiple comparison methods.

Intelligent Computing Collaboration for the Security of the Fog Internet of Things

The application of fog Internet of Things (IoT) technology helps solve the problem of weak computing power faced by IoT terminals. Due to asymmetric differences in communication methods, sensing data offloading from IoT terminals to fog and cloud layers faces different security issues, and both processes should be protected through certain data transmission protection measures. To take advantage of the relative asymmetry between cloud, fog, and sensing layers, this paper considers using physical layer security technology and encryption technology to ensure the security of the sensing data unloading process. An efficient resource allocation method based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed to solve the problem of channel and power allocation in fog IoT scenarios, as well as the selection of unloading destinations. This problem, which is NP-hard, belongs to the attribute of mixed integer nonlinear programming. Meanwhile, the supporting parameters of the method, including state space, action space, and rewards, are all adaptively designed based on scene characteristics and optimization goals. The simulation and analysis show that the proposed method possesses good convergence characteristics. Compared to several heuristic methods, the proposed method reduces latency by at least 18.7% on the premise that the transmission of sensing data is securely protected.

Cooperative Jamming with AF Relay in Power Monitoring and Communication Systems for Mining

In underground mines, physical layer security (PLS) technology is a promising method for the effective and secure communication to monitor the mining process. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate the PLS of an amplify-and-forward relay-aided system in power monitoring and communication systems for mining, with the consideration of multiple eavesdroppers. Explicitly, we propose a PLS scheme of cooperative jamming and precoding for a full-duplex system considering imperfect channel state information. To maximize the secrecy rate of the communications, an effective block coordinate descent algorithm is used to design the precoding and jamming matrix at both the source and the relay. Furthermore, the effectiveness and convergence of the proposed scheme with high channel state information uncertainty have been proven.

Shifted LT Code Security Scheme for Partial Information Encryption.

The existing physical layer security technology based on fountain codes needs to ensure that the legal channel is superior to the eavesdropping channel; when the quality of the legal channel and the eavesdropping channel are close, the information security cannot be guaranteed. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a shifted Luby transform (SLT) code security scheme for partial information encryption, which is mainly divided into two stages, partial information encryption transfer and degree distribution adjustment. The main idea is that the source randomly extracts part of the information symbols, and performs XOR encryption with the random sequence containing the main channel noise sent by the legitimate receiver. Afterward, the degree distribution is adjusted using the number of transfer information symbols received by the legitimate receiver to improve the average degree of the encoded codewords. Since the eavesdropper can only obtain fewer information symbols in the initial stage, it is difficult to decode the generated coded symbols after the degree distribution adjustment, thereby ensuring the safe transmission of information. The experimental results show that, compared with other LT anti-eavesdropping schemes, even if the legitimate channel is not dominant, the proposed scheme still has better security performance and less decoding overhead.

Robust Resource Allocation for Lightweight Secure Transmission in Multicarrier NOMA-Assisted Full Duplex IoT Networks

In this article, with the aim to enhance the secure transmission and improve the utilization of spectrum resources in Internet of Things (IoT), a multicarrier nonorthogonal multiple access (MC-NOMA)-assisted full duplex (FD) network is investigated, in which nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is implemented in both uplink and downlink transmissions. The lightweight and low-power physical layer security (PLS) technology is employed to protect the information from eavesdropping. Taking the imperfect channel state information (CSI) into account, we formulate a problem to optimize the beamforming vector, artificial noise (AN), transmit power, and subcarrier assignment policy aiming to maximize the worst case sum secrecy rate under the Quality of Service (QoS) and power consumption constraints. Since the formulated problem is nonconvex and difficult to be solved, we decompose it into two joint optimization subproblems. The first is resource allocation with given subcarrier assignment, which is solved by using the block coordinate descent (BCD) approach. The second is subcarrier assignment solved by the matching theory. Our simulation shows that the proposed scheme is robust against the CSI imperfectness of the eavesdropping and self-interference channels, while providing significant sum secrecy rate improvement compared with the orthogonal multiple access (OMA), half duplex (HD) systems, and other benchmark schemes.

Secure transmission strategy of multi UAV relays in jamming environment

This paper studies a multi UAV relays communication system based on secure transmission strategy in jamming environment. In the multi UAV relays communication system with interference, we use the physical layer security technology based on the physical layer to maximize the minimum average rate by optimizing the flight trajectory and resource allocation of the signal source and UAV relays, and adjust the channel state information of the legal communication channel, so as to improve the communication performance of the legal channel. Since the optimization problem and constraints are nonconvex and cannot be solved directly, we decompose it into two sub optimization problems: interference optimization and strategy optimization, which are solved respectively. Finally, the joint optimal solution of the original optimization problem is obtained by alternating iterative optimization, the simulation results show that by jointly optimizing the transmission power and flight trajectory of signal source and UAV relays, the influence of interference source on wireless communication is reduced and safer communication is realized.

On the optimization problem in fading Gaussian MIMO wiretap channels

Self-adaptive physical layer security technology is a major challenge for achieving anti-quantum endogenous security in 6G communication.We consider the maximum average decodable rate for a non-degraded Gaussian MIMO wiretap channel, whose the main channel suffers fading.We adopt the layered broadcast approach based on superposition coding todesign and optimize the achievable and secrecy scheme,when the eigenvalues of the noise covariance in each channel state can be ordered by the weak supermajorization.With the scheme, the maximum average decodable rate can be characterized as a non-convex optimization problem of a log function.We propose an algorithm which can output the optimal solution for the optimization and thus help to obtain the optimal scheme in the scalar case and most MIMO cases.

Design of Anti-Eavesdropping Scheme for SLT-LT Codes Based on Random Symbol Sets

In recent years, physical layer security technology has provided a new way to solve the problem of secure transmissions in wireless communications from an information theory perspective by using physical layer security coding and the inherent characteristics of the channel. As a nonsystematic code, Luby transform (LT) code has the characteristics of random coding and rateless, therefore, eavesdroppers cannot directly obtain useful information from leaked code symbols. As a shifted LT (SLT) code, the SLT codes can efficiently recover information, with a smaller decoding overhead. Therefore, we propose an SLT-LT joint code anti-eavesdropping scheme based on random symbol sets. Based on the environment of the main channel, the sender selects a set of random symbols to send to legitimate receivers as known symbols and uses these random symbols and message symbols to form source symbols for the SLT-LT concatenated coding to increase the bit error rate (BER) of the eavesdroppers. The experimental results show that, compared with other anti-eavesdropping LT schemes, our proposed scheme only adds a small amount of decoding overhead but has a better security performance.

Physical layer security techniques for data transmission for future wireless networks

The broadcast nature of wireless communication systems makes wireless transmission extremely susceptible to eavesdropping and even malicious interference. Physical layer security technology can effectively protect the private information sent by the transmitter from being listened to by illegal eavesdroppers, thus ensuring the privacy and security of communication between the transmitter and legitimate users. Thus, the main design goal of physical layer security is to increase the performance difference between the link of the legitimate receiver and that of the eavesdropper using well-designed transmission schemes. The development of mobile communication presents new challenges to physical layer security research. This paper provides a survey of the physical layer security research on various promising mobile technologies from secure key generation and keyless techniques, including secure key generation, directional modulation (DM), spatial modulation (SM), covert communication, and intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided communication. Finally, the future topics and the unresolved technical challenges are presented in physical layer security for mobile communications.

Research on High Confidence Resource Allocation Technology in Edge Computing

This paper studies resource allocation and security performance. Aiming at the problem of privacy disclosure caused by eavesdropping during task unloading in single cell and multi user scenarios, the physical layer security technology is used to formulate corresponding confidentiality measures. Facing the dynamic change of the wireless channel state of the system and the computing power required by users, taking reducing the average processing delay of tasks as the optimization goal, the multi-user task partial migration problem is modeled as a joint optimization problem of computing resources and power resources under the constraints of security set-tings and energy constraints, and the system is established as a Markov decision process model, and proposes a resource allocation algorithm based on physical layer security and depth deterministic policy gradient. Simulation results show that the algorithm can approach the optimal performance, has adaptability and lower computational complexity, can make better unloading strategy and resource allocation scheme in trusted environment, effectively reduce the average task processing delay and improve the robustness of the system.

Research on 5G Security Technology for Industrial Internet

5G network has great application potential in the field of industrial Internet. However, the current lack of development of 5G network in the field of security technology restricts its application on the Industrial Internet. In this article, the author combines the industry’s needs for Industrial Internet security, and summarizes the research status of 5G network security technology, gives the development direction of three 5G network security technologies with development potential. This paper found that due to the three end-to-end characteristics of the Industrial Internet: physical security, information security, and system self-healing, there are security requirements; the other three 5G network security technologies, namely lightweight encryption mechanism, physical layer security technology and network slicing security technology will help 5G network be more widely used in the Industrial Internet field.

QoS-Aware Secure Routing Design for Wireless Networks With Selfish Jammers

This paper focuses on the QoS-aware secure routing design based on the physical layer security technology for a multi-hop wireless network consisting of legitimate nodes, malicious eavesdroppers, and selfish jammers. We first provide theoretical modeling for a given route to reveal how its end-to-end security/QoS performance is related to the transmitting power of legitimate nodes along the route and the jamming power of jammers in the network. We then design an incentive mechanism that stimulates jammers to generate artificial jamming for security enhancement, and also develop a non-cooperative game framework to resolve the jamming power setting issue here. Based on the security/QoS performance modeling of the route and jamming power setting, we further propose a theoretical framework to determine the optimal transmitting power of nodes along the route such that its optimal transmission security can be achieved under a QoS constraint. Finally, with the help of the power setting results of the given route, we formulate a shortest weighted path-finding problem to identify the optimal route for data delivery in the network, which can be solved by employing the Bellman-Ford or Dijkstra's algorithm. It is demonstrated that the proposed routing scheme is individually rational, stable, distributed and computationally efficient.

Resource allocation method based on mobile edge computing in smart grid

Mobile edge computing(MEC) refers to offloading the collected data to the mobile edge server, which can calculate data efficiently, further improve the operating efficiency of the smart grid and reduce energy consumption. In the face of increasing data, the spectrum overhead and energy consumption of the network are becoming increasingly severe. Based on this, this paper proposes to use massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology to improve the spectrum and energy efficiency of the system, and proposes a massive MIMO-MEC smart grid system framework. In addition, considering that it is easy to be eavesdropped in the process of offloading data, we propose to use physical layer security technology to ensure user information security. In order to minimize the energy consumption of applications such as smart meters, this paper proposes a sequential iterative optimization algorithm to jointly optimize the offloading rate and transmission power. The simulation results prove that as the number of antennas increases, the transmission rate of the system increases, which reduces the total energy consumption of the system.

Edge caching in blockchain empowered 6G

The sixth generation (6G) of wireless cellular networks is expected to incorporate the latest developments in network infrastructure and emerging advances in technology. In the age of 6G, edge caching technology will evolve towards intelligence, dynamics, and security. However, the security problems of edge caching, including data tampering and eavesdropping, are seldomly considered in most literatures. In this paper, we consider the two-hop edge caching where the blockchain and physical layer security technologies are adopted to prevent data from being tampered with and eavesdropped. We design blockchain-based framework to guarantee the reliability of important data such as the frequency of contents and jointly optimize content caching probability and redundancy rate to maximize the secure transmission probability. Extensive simulation shows that our optimization scheme can significantly improve the secure transmission probability of edge cache network, whether facing the threat of independent eavesdropping or joint eavesdropping.

Secure and Energy-Efficient Precoding for MIMO Two-Way Untrusted Relay Systems

This paper focuses on the multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) two-way relay system with an untrusted relay and investigates its secure and energy-efficient precoding design issue based on the physical layer security technology. We first provide theoretical modeling for the index of secrecy energy efficiency (SEE) and formulate the optimal precoding design for SEE maximization (SEEM) as a high-dimensional non-convex programming problem. By exploring the techniques like fractional programming, alternate optimization and semi-definite programming, we then develop a hierarchical theoretical framework to solve the SEEM problem and thus to identify the optimal precoding designs for the source and relay. Furthermore, we demonstrate the proposed theoretical framework is also applicable to the problem of precoding design for secrecy sum rate maximization. Finally, with the help of generalized singular value decomposition, we propose a sub-optimal relay precoding design scheme with significantly lower computational complexity. Extensive numerical results provided in the paper indicate that the proposed schemes can remarkably improve the SEE performance in MIMO two-way untrusted relay systems.

Development of Physical Layer Security Simulation Platform

With the rapid development of modern communication technology, more and more attention has been paid to the security of communication. In recent years, the physical layer security technology provides a new way to solve the problem of secure transmission in wireless communication. Physical layer security has become a hot research topic, but there is no special physical layer security simulation platform to provide great help for technical research. In view of this situation, this paper develops a physical layer security simulation platform based on the cross platform development framework QT, which provides visual demonstration and performance evaluation functions for specific technologies. The platform is developed with C plus plus language, and different simulation scenarios are customized for different technical schemes to simulate the simulation process. Starting from the architecture of the simulation platform, this paper presents the simulation process and evaluation results of several selected physical layer security directions, and describes the simulation platform in detail.

Intelligent Reflecting Surface Assisted Secret Key Generation

In secret key generation of physical layer security technology, it is challenging to achieve high key capacity and low bit inconsistency rate. This paper investigates intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted secret key generation, which aims to maximize the secret key capacity by adjusting the placement of the IRS units. Specifically, we first analyze and deduce the key capacity expression of the IRS-assisted system from the perspective of information theory. Then we investigate how to use the channel state information (CSI) to place the IRS units effectively so as to maximize the secret key capacity. Simulation results show that our scheme could improve the quality of secret key generation significantly.

Information Security Technology of Wireless Communication Physical Layer Based on Airspace Technology

Due to the characteristics of the broadcast function of the wireless communication network, the problem of information security has become very serious. And because the traditional upper-layer encryption technology is accompanied by the advancement of computer technology and eavesdropping technology, it has become more and more far from being able to meet the needs of modern society for information security. The multi-antenna beamforming technology in the airspace technology is a technology that can effectively increase the strength of the legal signal and suppress the eavesdropping signal. Therefore, it has become the most important technology in the physical layer security of our country and deserves our attention. Therefore, this article aims to study the wireless communication physical layer information security technology based on airspace technology. Based on the analysis of the basic theory of physical layer security, the current status of physical layer security research and the airspace physical layer security technology, the artificial noise auxiliary technology is promoted and applied to security identification. Taking the speed of maximizing the safe frequency spectrum as the design goal, an algorithm for joint optimization of information noise beam and artificial noise beam is proposed. The simulation results show that this algorithm can effectively improve the security and stability of the system, and it can also solve the eavesdropping problem.

Scheduling Policies for Quantum Key Distribution Enabled Communication Networks

The upsurge of ubiquitous data-driven applications makes the need for super-secure communication networks more urgent than ever. Conventional encryption algorithm oriented cryptology would be hacked by cryptanalysis, hence is challenging to provide unconditional security. To tackle this unprecedented issue, quantum key distribution (QKD) has been envisioned as a promising physical layer security technology for the upcoming 6G era due to the unique properties of quantum physics, i.e., no-cloning and uncertainty. To accommodate as many security-sensitive applications as possible, in this letter, the secure key rate maximization problem for QKD enabled communication networks is investigated. By transforming the original problem into a maximum weight perfect matching problem of an undirected and non-bipartite graph, the associated quantum devices scheduling policy is optimally determined, along with the feasibility analysis as well as two simpler heuristic scheduling approaches. Numerical results demonstrate the performance of the devised scheduling strategies from comprehensive perspectives, such as achievable secure key rate and outage probability.