Physical Interferences Research Articles

Diagnostic development using net analyte signal for pure component modeling approaches

The use of calibration-free or minimal calibration chemometric modeling approaches has garnered increased interest as the application of process analytical technologies (PAT) has expanded in the pharmaceutical industry. Pure component models such as iterative optimization technology (IOT) algorithms require only pure component spectra and no mixture samples as model inputs. However, the deployment of pure component models for PAT is limited by the lack of model diagnostics to establish confidence in model predictions and identify outliers. In the presented research, a novel diagnostic for use with IOT, called NAS-T, is proposed based on comparing the shape of net analyte signals (NAS) between the pure components and a sample mixture. Circular statistics were used in the analysis of NAS-T. The new diagnostic was applied in parallel with the partial least squares (PLS) Hotelling's T2 diagnostic to identify outlier near-infrared spectral samples from a set of pharmaceutical powder mixtures. The outliers detected by the NAS-T diagnostic included both chemical interferences (contamination) and physical interferences (process variations). Preprocessing the mixture sample spectra produced trends in the model diagnostics that were consistent between IOT and PLS. These results support the adoption of IOT and other pure component models for PAT applications in the pharmaceutical industry.

A bidirectional dictionary LASSO regression method for online water quality detection in wastewater treatment plants

During the online water quality detection of wastewater treatment plants, the organic ingredients hidden in suspended particles are usually ignored, which significantly degrades the online detection accuracy, especially in high turbidity environments. To tackle this problem, in this paper, a novel online detection method is proposed, which can effectively avoid the physical and chemical interferences caused by suspended particles. First, UV–vis spectroscopy is innovatively utilized in the oxidative digestion process to continuously monitor the substance transformation during the reaction. Then, based on dictionary learning and LASSO regression, a novel machine learning method, bidirectional dictionary LASSO regression (BD-LASSO), is developed. BD-LASSO can bidirectionally implement the dictionary learning from both spectrum and feature aspects, ensuring the information extraction at the feature level and therefore improving the detection accuracy and speed. Based on the experimental results, our method can more effectively eliminate the interference brought by turbidity with a much higher detection accuracy (relative error <10%) and a far shorter detection time (within 5 min).

Pitfalls in Coagulation Testing

Assays in the coagulation laboratory are affected by numerous variables. Variables which have impact on the test result can lead to incorrect results, and potentially to consequences for further diagnostic and therapeutic decisions made by the clinician. The interferences can be separated into three main groups: biological interferences, with an actual impairment of the patient's coagulation system (congenital or acquired); physical interferences, which usually occur in the pre-analytical phase; and chemical interferences, because of the presence of drugs (mainly anticoagulants) in the blood to be tested. This article discusses some of these interferences in seven instructive cases of (near) miss events as an approach to generate more attention to these issues.

Effects of extender filtration and egg yolk concentration on canine semen cryopreservation.

The semen cooling and freezing extenders commonly contain the chicken egg yolk (EY) as the main sperm cryoprotectant. Besides its advantages, the EY has large lipoprotein granules that cause several physical and biological interferences. The previous studies have proposed several methods to resolve the problems with the EY-based semen extenders, including mechanical agitation, EY fractionation, replacing the EY with purified EY LDL, and ultrasonication. In the current research, we aimed to evaluate the syringe filtration (220 nm) of an EY-based canine semen freezing extender as a simple and cheap method to remove the EY granules. We also studied the possibility of re-aggregation of EY granules after cooling, freeze/thawing, and lyophilization/rehydration of the filtered extenders. Additionally, we compared the effects of the filtration on lipid profile, turbidity, EY particle size distribution, and osmolality of the EY-based extenders. Next, we examined the effects of filtered extenders containing different levels of EY (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) versus the control extender (20% EY, unfiltered) on post-thaw sperm quality traits. We collected the semen samples from seven clinically healthy mixed-breed adult dogs and pooled them for sperm freezing procedures. Samplings were repeated at least five times, independently. Our results indicated that the syringe filtration could remove the large EY particles and reduce the extender turbidity without affecting the lipid profile of the whole extender solution. The filtered extender supplemented with 25% (v/v) EY led to the best post-thaw canine spermatozoa quality markers. The frozen-thawed spermatozoa evaluations included motility parameters (computer-assisted semen analysis system), membrane and acrosome integrity (hypo-osmotic swelling test, chlortetracycline binding assay), DNA fragmentation (sperm chromatin dispersion assay), membrane lipid peroxidation (MDA levels), apoptosis (Annexin V/propidium iodide assay), and fertility-associated sperm mRNA transcript abundance (protamine 2 and 3). In conclusion, the syringe filtration of the EY-based semen extenders was a simple and cheap method that could effectively remove large EY lipoprotein granules and possibly prevent EY-origin bacterial contamination of the final extender solution. The EY at 25% (v/v) concentration in the filtered extenders resulted in the highest canine spermatozoa cryo-tolerance.

Evaluation of long-term carbon sequestration of biochar in soil with biogeochemical field model

Return of biomass-derived biochar (BC) into soil has been considered as one of the carbon sequestration (CS) methods. It is important to evaluate the long-term biochar CS potential by integrating the complex physical interferences and biochemical reactions in real soil. This study incorporated biochar into a biogeochemical field model and established a daily-resolution simulator to assess 5-, 50-, 500-year CS potential upon Soil-Biochar-Plant interaction. Through the scenario simulation of burying 7.5–75 t/ha BC-C in a 50 cm-depth rainfed cropland soil with corn planted, we found biochar could retain 483–557 kg C/t BC-C after 500 years' natural decomposition, although soil pedoturbation and plant erosion accelerated its mineralization. Moreover, biochar provided labile-C to compensate microbial decomposition and modified long-term soil climate, resulting in a decrease in soil organic carbon degradation of 44–265 kg C/t BC-C. Furthermore, biochar promoted plant photosynthetic performance by offering exogenous nutrients, equivalent to capturing 66–1039 kg C/t BC-C over 50 years. But biochar limited endogenous nutrient release and inhibited plant growth after exogenous nutrients exhausted, so total CS decreases yearly after reaching an upper limit (1030–1722 kg C/t BC-C). A total of 651–725 kg C/t BC-C could be sequestered after 500 years. And biochar is more potential in infertile and arid soils. Overall, this study indicates the necessity of taking the biogeochemical reactions into consideration to assess biochar long-term CS, and it further demonstrates biochar soil implementation is a prospective carbon-negative strategy.

Artifact Removal from EEG signals using Regenerative Multi-Dimensional Singular Value Decomposition and Independent Component Analysis

The EEG signals are regularly blended with sources like Electrooculogram, Electromyogram and few other artifacts caused by physical or signal interferences. The presence of artifacts induces inaccuracy in the examination of the signals acquired. Independent Component Analysis has been predominantly utilized towards these discrepancies by isolating the artifacts from the EEG signals. Direct utilization of ICA isn't conceivable with the frameworks that are outfitted with single or few EEG channels. Distinctly using ICA to eliminate artifacts on a single channel is harder. Therefore, we combine ICA with a proposed decomposition method called Regenerative Multi-Dimensional Singular Value Decomposition (RMD-SVD) which maps the acquired signals into multivariate data after which ICA is applied on it. In our proposed scheme, the pattern of a source signal is mimicked with frequency, phase and amplitude value of the input signal using EEG sigmoid function. Both the input signal and the constructed regenerative reference signals are decomposed and the most significant singular values can be observed with the help of ICA which are the values of the pure input signal. Performance measures such as SNR, PSNR, MSE etc., in our proposed systems are analyzed under different filters and it is noticed that our proposed method of RMD-SVD indicates increased noise omitting efficiency.

SERS optical accumulators as unified nanoplatforms for tear sampling and sensing in soft contact lenses.

Tear analysis has become an invaluable asset in clinical research in order to identify and quantify novel biomarkers for a wide array of conditions. The present work is intended to take this area of study one step further by implementing an innovative sensing platform through which exploration of low-molecular-weight compounds is conducted outperforming traditional analytical technologies. With this aim, carefully engineered plasmonic nanoassemblies have been synergistically combined with molecular-sieving materials giving rise to size-selective samplers with SERS detection capabilities. These architectures have been then integrated onto hydrogel-based contact lenses and tested in simulated tear fluids in order to evidence their operational features. Through this approach, a prolonged analyte accumulation can be realized, thus providing a competitive advantage in those scenarios where concentration of biomarkers is typically low or minimum sample volumes are not met. Additionally, quenching of metabolic flux and analyte extraction protocols can be circumvented, hence preventing the intrinsic physical and chemical interferences stemming from these procedures. The obtained results render these sensing platforms as promising medical devices, and constitute a great opportunity in order to expand the clinical toolkit in tear analysis.

Enhanced strength and microstructure of dredged clay sediment-fly ash geopolymer by mechanochemical activation

A low reactivity dredged high plasticity clay rich in quartz and alumina was obtained from an intercoastal waterway in southeast Texas and mechanochemically treated with fly ash and sodium silicate and used to manufacture a geopolymer mortar. The treated dredged clay and fly ash precursor was activated with a liquid sodium hydroxide solution. Ten different mixes were considered to study the effects of mechanochemical treatment, mixing procedure, and fly ash replacement dosage. The compressive strength, the reactivity during thermal curing, degree of polymerization, and microstructure and morphology were investigated using isothermal calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nano-indentation, and optical and scanning electron microscopy. Co-grinding fly ash, sodium silicate, and dredge clay enhances the bulk reactivity and dispersion of the blended precursor which enhances the connectivity of the geopolymer, intensifies the polymerized structure, increases compressive strength, and lowers the matrix pore size surface area despite increased water demand and some physical interferences from the dredge clay sediment. The efficacy of the mechanochemical treatment will largely depend on the quantity and reactivity of the fly ash present in the geopolymer. The inert dredge high plasticity clay sediment serves as an effective filling agent in geopolymer systems up to 50% replacement. However, the mechanochemical treatment of a blended fly ash-dredge clay system is most effective in increasing compressive strength (by ~ 30 MPa) when the inert dredge clay sediment is less than or equal to 25% of the total precursor mass.

RSU-Aided Remote V2V Message Dissemination Employing Secure Group Association for UAV-Assisted VANETs

Nowadays, the research on vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) remains a hot topic within the Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios. Diverse studies and techniques regarding all aspects of VANETs have been investigated thoroughly. Particularly, the wireless characteristic of heterogeneous vehicular communication, along with the complicated and dynamic connection topology among participating VANET entities, have severely affected the secure and stable data exchange. Specifically, the spontaneous vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) message dissemination, as the essential functionality of VANET, plays a significant role for instant and real-time data sharing for vehicles within a certain vicinity. However, with the short-time interaction and high mobilization of vehicular connections, the remote V2V message delivery intended for long-distance vehicles in the range of different roadside units (RSUs) has not been properly researched. Meanwhile, both V2V and V2R (Vehicle-to-RSU) communication are highly restricted by environmental factors such as physical obstructions or signal interferences, thus drastically reducing the wireless connectivity in practical VANET implementations. In this case, the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), as the auxiliary facilities, can provide the VANET with substitute wireless routes, so that the transmission quality and availability can be improved. In this paper, the authenticated UAV group association design is proposed at first. On this basis, the remote V2V message dissemination method is enabled, where the decentralized V2V connections involving all RSUs along the way are provided. The analysis regarding crucial security properties is presented accordingly, where the formal proofs and comparison are conducted. Moreover, the performance evaluation in terms of storage and time consumption during RSU authentication process is illustrated, respectively. Comparison results with the state-of-the-art prove that superiority on the major performance factors can be achieved.

The durability and effectiveness of sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy in pediatric and young adult patients with type 1 diabetes.

PurposeDespite the prevalent use of insulin pump therapy worldwide, few studies have been conducted among young patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Korea. We investigated the durability and effectiveness of insulin pump therapy among Korean pediatric and young adult patients with T1D.MethodsThis study included 54 patients with T1D diagnosed at pediatric ages (range, 1.1–14.1 years) who initiated insulin pump therapy during 2016–2019 at Seoul National University Children's Hospital and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. Clinical and biochemical data, including anthropometric measurements, insulin dose, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were obtained from T1D diagnosis to last follow-up.ResultsForty-four patients (81.5%) continued insulin pump therapy with a median pump use duration of 2.9 years (range, 0.2–3.5 years); 10 discontinued the therapy within 12 months (<1 month, n=6; 1–6 months, n=1; and 6–12 months, n=3) due to physical interferences or financial problems. Older age (≥10 years of age) and longer diabetes duration (≥2 years) at the initiation of pump therapy were associated with discontinuation (P<0.05 for both). For patients continuing pump therapy, HbA1c levels significantly decreased after 1 year of therapy (from 8.9% to 8.1%, P<0.001) without changes in the body mass index z-scores or insulin dose. Although 4 patients experienced diabetic ketoacidosis, all recovered without complications.ConclusionsInsulin pump therapy was effective in improving glycemic control in T1D patients during 12 months of treatment. Early initiation of insulin pump therapy after T1D diagnosis was helpful for continuing therapy.

Ecological contribution of Fenton process for generation of a ready-to-reuse dyeing and finishing effluent

In this study, real wastewater from a dyeing factory and previously treated by biological processes was decolorized by Fenton oxidation. Direct and reactive dyebaths and the related auxiliaries constituted the polluted effluents. A synthetic wastewater was also prepared in the same way in order to compare degradation performance. The study was performed with a systematic approach, searching optimum values of H2O2 and FeSO4 concentrations, pH, temperature and the chemical structure of each tested dye. Depollution results showed that the oxidation behaviour of synthetic and real wastewaters was very similar, especially during the first stage where the breaking of chromophore groups allowed fast colour removal. However, it was found that higher ratios of [H2O2]/[FeSO4] must be engaged in the case of real wastewaters. Results also showed that the catalytic oxidation yielded a fast and complete depollution at [H2O2]/[FeSO4] = 70, pH 3 and temperature 40°C. For experiments with direct dye, colour and COD removals were, respectively, 90% and 87% in the case of real wastewater. Reactive real wastewater showed non-stable oxidation evolution due to the hydrolysed dyestuff and this led to 83% and 45% decolourization and COD removal, respectively. Better depollution results were noted for the synthetic wastewater experiments. This finding was related to the non-stable composition of the real wastewater and the unknown chemical and physical interferences between its compounds. After sedimentation, reuse of the treated wastewater for new dyeing experiments was also investigated. For this purpose, the whole process was run under complete recycling mode and the previously treated effluent was re-used as fresh dyebath. Results in terms of colour depth and fastness showed that dyeing performances were very similar, and an important opportunity is offered by reusing wastewater treated by Fenton oxidation process.

Kinematic Design Optimization of an Eight Degree-of-Freedom Upper-Limb Exoskeleton

SummaryThis paper studies the problem of optimizing the kinematic structure of an eight degree-of-freedom upper-limb rehabilitation exoskeleton. The objective of optimization is achieving minimum volume and maximum dexterity in the workspace of daily activities specified by a set of upper-arm configurations. To formulate the problem, a new index is proposed for effective characterization of kinematic dexterity for wearable robots. Additionally, a set of constraints are defined to ensure that the optimal design can cover the desired workspace of the exoskeleton, while singular configurations and physical interferences are avoided. The formulated multi-objective optimization problem is solved using an evolutionary algorithm (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II) and the weighted sum approach. Among the resulted optimal points, the point with least sensitivity with respect to the variations of design variables is chosen as the final design.

Necesidades de Capacitación de los Docentes de Educación Inicial sobre las Altas Capacidades Intelectuales

Los sujetos con Necesidades Educativas Especiales son aquellos niños, jóvenes y adultos que por sus características intelectuales, sensoriales y físicas presentan interferencias en el aprendizaje; en ese sentido, en Venezuela, la modalidad de educación especial para garantizar cierta homogeneidad ha creado siete áreas de atención: Deficiencias Visuales, Deficiencias Auditivas, Retardo Mental, Autismo, Impedimentos Físicos, Dificultades de Aprendizaje y Talento Superior. En cuanto a esta última, los niños, niñas y jóvenes con talento superior o altas capacidades intelectuales requieren planes y programas especializados para brindarle la atención educativa según sus condiciones. El contexto problemático es el vacío existente en la atención educativa de este tipo de infantes, por lo que resulta importante indagar acerca del conocimiento que poseen los docentes del nivel de educación inicial sobre esta condición. El factor relevante es que los niños con altas capacidades intelectuales o con talento no presentan características o necesidades homogéneas, sino que, en cambio, son tan distintas entre sí como el resto de sus compañeros; sus requerimientos educativos son distintos. De allí que el propósito de este artículo es determinar las necesidades de capacitación del docente de educación inicial sobre las altas capacidades intelectuales. En cuanto a la modalidad de investigación es descriptiva, con un diseño de campo no experimental, utilizándose un cuestionario en escalas alternativas impares, validado a través del juicio de experto y la confiabilidad se realizó con el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. Entre los hallazgos se tiene que el 55,56% manifiestan que no manejan la información sobre el tema, así como el 61,11% revelan que desconocer el método para diagnosticar y en cuanto a las estrategias didácticas para la atención educativa el 83,33% de las encuestadas relatan que no las conocen. Se recomienda establecer condiciones educativas favorables a la estimulación, creando elementos de intervención y no solo de identificación.

Folic acid-chitosan-alginate nanocomplexes for multiple delivery of chemotherapeutic agents

A major challenge faced by researchers involved in the sphere of drug delivery is the development of innovative multidrug delivery systems. Herein, experimentation focused on preparing nanocomplexes based on chitosan and alginic acid with the purpose of allocating a combination of chemotherapeutic drugs, improving their efficacy and reducing dosage. In order to enhance targeting, conjugation with folic acid was performed. The prepared carriers exhibited a spherical shape with a diameter in the range 70–120 nm, a ζ-potential between 30 and 35 mV with good stability in human serum, and low hemolytic activity of up to 100 μg/mL. Over 800 μg of drugs per mg of carrier were loaded and released, displaying a pH-dependent trend with no physical, chemical and biological interferences, which benefited from the advantage of having full control over the given release of drug. In vitro studies performed on human epithelial cervix carcinoma cells and mouse fibroblast cells clearly demonstrated that said dual-loaded complexes showed greater cytotoxicity than single-loaded and free-drug formulations. The viability of the cells decreased, thereby confirming the primary role played by the targeting molecule.

Spherically curved layer (SCL) model for metal 3-D printing of overhangs

Directed energy deposition (DED), equipped with 5-axis tool mechanism and no additional machining process, turned out to be able to deposit overhang/undercut features with no support directly on a part in multiple directions. When performing the deposition, two additional axes of rotating and tilting newly added to the working table where the part is typically fixed need to be precisely controlled using an advanced process management technique. The previous approach for slicing algorithm corresponding with multi-axis tool paths along the part and providing a simple stepwise two dimensional layering process of repetitive ±90 degree tilting of the base table can cause unavoidable process delay whenever the base table needs to be tilted for conforming the geometry of overhang/undercut features. Another clear and present barrier to the approach, in addition, is the physical interferences between the tool and the workpiece moving separately during the build. This study proposes a Spherically curved layer (SCL) model providing interference-free 5-axis tool-part movement, a continuous and synchronized interaction between the tool and the part each separately but precisely controlled while kept contacted together, for the build of overhangs. A methodological approach generating SCL information directly from an STL model, followed by the implementation onto various overhang problems as case studies using the proposed methodology, will be discussed in this paper.

Green microwave-assisted wet digestion method of carbohydrate-rich foods with hydrogen peroxide using single reaction chamber and further elemental determination using ICP-OES and ICP-MS

A sample preparation method using only H2O2 in the single reaction chamber system (SRC-UltraWave™) was proposed for carbohydrate-rich foods (CRFs) digestion and further elemental determination by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) based techniques. The greenness of the proposed method was evaluated based on the Analytical Eco-Scale. Additionally, the digestion efficiency, obtained under different conditions (temperature and volume of H2O2), was evaluated based on the concentration of residual carbon (RC). Determination of RC and major elements (Ca, Fe, Mg and Na) were carried out using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), while the minor and toxic elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Pb, Sr and Zn) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Digests with lower RC were obtained using 8mL of 50% H2O2, 250°C and 199bar. Residual carbon lower than 250 and 400mgL−1 were obtained for honey and different flours (wheat, corn, cassava and potato), respectively. Maxima sample masses of 0.75g and 1.25g were efficiently digested (without insoluble residues) for different flours and honey, respectively. Reference materials (RMs) and certified reference material (CRM) with carbohydrate-rich matrices: corn bran (RM NIST 8433), cotton cellulose (RM IAEA V9) and rice flour (CRM NIST 1568a) were used to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method. Additionally, accuracy was also evaluated by comparison between results obtained using proposed method and those obtained by microwave-assisted wet digestion (MAWD) with concentrated HNO3. Significant differences were not observed when comparing the results of the proposed method with reference values of RMs, CRM and MAWD. Limits of detection obtained by the proposed method were suitable for the quality control analysis of CRFs and ranging from 0.0001μgg−1 to 30μgg−1. As water and oxygen are the main products of H2O2 with CRFs, final digests are suitable for ICP-based techniques analysis due to its low acidity and consequent reduction of physical interferences on nebulization devices. Finally, according to the Analytical Eco-Scale, the proposed method was considered an excellent green analysis with final score of 85.

Single-Layer Dual-Band Reflectarray Antennas With Wide Frequency Ratios and High Aperture Efficiencies Using Phoenix Elements

A novel design methodology for single-layer dual-band reflectarray antennas with wide frequency ratios is proposed by exploiting the unique reflection phase properties of Phoenix elements. Full 360° phase ranges at both frequency bands are achieved simultaneously by using only one element set. Compared to conventional approaches that use two sets of elements for dual-band operation, physical and electromagnetic mutual interferences between the elements operating at different frequency bands can be completely avoided. A detailed design procedure for single-layer dual-band reflectarrays with a wide frequency ratio up to 2.5 is presented, and a set of three center-fed dual-band reflectarrays operating at 15/10, 20/10, and 25/10 GHz, respectively, are designed and numerically verified using full-wave simulations. Furthermore, an offset-fed single-layer dual-band reflectarray operating at 20/10 GHz with a circular aperture of 400 mm in diameter is designed, fabricated, and tested for experimental verification. The measured gains are 36.1 dBi with an aperture efficiency of 58.0% at 20 GHz and 30.3 dBi with an aperture efficiency of 61.1% at 10 GHz, respectively. The measured 1-dB gain bandwidth is 9.1% and 14.0% at the upper and lower bands, respectively. Both the simulated and measured results successfully demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design methodology.

DETECTION OF COASTLINE DEFORMATION USING REMOTE SENSING AND GEODETIC SURVEYS

The coastal areas are being destroyed due to the usage that effect the natural balance. Unconsciously sand mining from the sea for nearshore nourishment and construction uses are the main ones. Physical interferences for mining of sand cause an ecologic threat to the coastal environment. However, use of marine sand is inevitable because of economic reasons or unobtainable land-based sand resources. The most convenient solution in such a protection–usage dilemma is to reduce negative impacts of sand production from marine. This depends on the accurate determination of criteriaon production place, style, and amount of sand. With this motivation, nearshore geodedic surveying studies performed on Kilyos Campus of Bogazici University located on the Black Sea coast, north of Istanbul, Turkey between 2001-2002. The study area extends 1 km in the longshore. Geodetic survey was carried out in the summer of 2001 to detect the initial condition for the shoreline. Long-term seasonal changes in shoreline positions were determined biannually. The coast was measured with post-processed kinematic GPS. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Besides, shoreline change has studied using Landsat imagery between the years 1986-2015. The data set of Landsat 5 imageries were dated 05.08.1986 and 31.08.2007 and Landsat 7 imageries were dated 21.07.2001 and 28.07.2015. Landcover types in the study area were analyzed on the basis of pixel based classification method. Firstly, unsupervised classification based on ISODATA (Iterative Self Organizing Data Analysis Technique) has been applied and spectral clusters have been determined that gives prior knowledge about the study area. In the second step, supervised classification was carried out by using the three different approaches which are minimum-distance, parallelepiped and maximum-likelihood. All pixel based classification processes were performed with ENVI 4.8 image processing software. Results of geodetic studies and classification outputs will be presented in this paper.

DETECTION OF COASTLINE DEFORMATION USING REMOTE SENSING AND GEODETIC SURVEYS

Abstract. The coastal areas are being destroyed due to the usage that effect the natural balance. Unconsciously sand mining from the sea for nearshore nourishment and construction uses are the main ones. Physical interferences for mining of sand cause an ecologic threat to the coastal environment. However, use of marine sand is inevitable because of economic reasons or unobtainable land-based sand resources. The most convenient solution in such a protection–usage dilemma is to reduce negative impacts of sand production from marine. This depends on the accurate determination of criteriaon production place, style, and amount of sand. With this motivation, nearshore geodedic surveying studies performed on Kilyos Campus of Bogazici University located on the Black Sea coast, north of Istanbul, Turkey between 2001-2002. The study area extends 1 km in the longshore. Geodetic survey was carried out in the summer of 2001 to detect the initial condition for the shoreline. Long-term seasonal changes in shoreline positions were determined biannually. The coast was measured with post-processed kinematic GPS. Besides, shoreline change has studied using Landsat imagery between the years 1986-2015. The data set of Landsat 5 imageries were dated 05.08.1986 and 31.08.2007 and Landsat 7 imageries were dated 21.07.2001 and 28.07.2015. Landcover types in the study area were analyzed on the basis of pixel based classification method. Firstly, unsupervised classification based on ISODATA (Iterative Self Organizing Data Analysis Technique) has been applied and spectral clusters have been determined that gives prior knowledge about the study area. In the second step, supervised classification was carried out by using the three different approaches which are minimum-distance, parallelepiped and maximum-likelihood. All pixel based classification processes were performed with ENVI 4.8 image processing software. Results of geodetic studies and classification outputs will be presented in this paper.

Emergence of Consensus in a Multi-Robot Network: From Abstract Models to Empirical Validation

Consensus dynamics in decentralised multiagent systems are subject to intense studies, and several different models have been proposed and analysed. Among these, the naming game stands out for its simplicity and applicability to a wide range of phenomena and applications, from semiotics to engineering. Despite the wide range of studies available, the implementation of theoretical models in real distributed systems is not always straightforward, as the physical platform imposes several constraints that may have a bearing on the consensus dynamics. In this paper, we investigate the effects of an implementation of the naming game for the kilobot robotic platform, in which we consider concurrent execution of games and physical interferences. Consensus dynamics are analysed in the light of the continuously evolving communication network created by the robots, highlighting how the different regimes crucially depend on the robot density and on their ability to spread widely in the experimental arena. We find that physical interferences reduce the benefits resulting from robot mobility in terms of consensus time, but also result in lower cognitive load for individual agents.