Physical Goals Research Articles

Incretin-Based Therapies and Lifestyle Interventions: The Evolving Role of Registered Dietitian Nutritionists in Obesity Care

The emergence of incretin-based therapies, specifically glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), as a new class of obesity medications, is dramatically changing obesity care. Use of these medications, known categorically as anti-obesity medications, as part of comprehensive obesity management is associated with significantly greater weight loss and health benefits than found with earlier generation obesity medications. The outcomes reported from medication trials were often achieved in conjunction with lifestyle counseling sessions by a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) or other qualified health care professional. Research demonstrates that evidence-based obesity care should incorporate lifestyle interventions. Counseling by a RDN, paired with incretin-based therapies, can play a critical role in supporting adherence to the medication regimen, preventing and managing side effects, adequate nutrient intake, and establishment of lifestyle behaviors for long-term weight and health management. To date, minimal research has been reported on the impact of incretin-based therapies on food and nutrient intake. Until that research is conducted, RDNs and other health professionals can apply knowledge and experience from clients who have undergone other intensive treatments. This article provides considerations for lifestyle interventions, with a focus on medical nutrition therapy (MNT) provided by RDNs, for adults prescribed incretin-based therapies. RDNs have the education and training to provide MNT for people with overweight or obesity, as well as lifestyle counseling on physical activity, stress management, sleep hygiene, goal setting, and other behaviors associated with positive health outcomes. RDNs have a critical role in the integration of incretin-based therapies into obesity management.

SECONDARY SCHOOL PHYSICAL SCIENCE TEACHERS’ BELIEFS ON THE PURPOSES AND GOALS OF SCIENCE TEACHING: THE PRESENCE OF CULTURAL MYTHS

Understanding why teachers teach the way they do is important especially in a time of curriculum reforms. Hence, the aim of this research is to unpack the secondary school physical science teachers’ beliefs on the purposes and goals of science teaching (PGST) and to check the alignment of their beliefs on PGST with constructivism. A convergent parallel mixed method design was employed. Scale and checklist were used to collect data on the teachers’ beliefs. Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews was used to explore the teachers’ implementation of the science curriculum. Results revealed that while teachers agree with the basic tenet of constructivism, their beliefs on the PGST were traditional. Difficulties of implementing their constructivist ideas on teaching and learning reinforced the cultural myths. Length of teaching experience and actual classroom teaching hours were seen as significant factors in the development of beliefs, whereas familiarity of curriculum intentions correlate negatively with the development of constructivist beliefs. Keywords: constructivist physical science education, purposes and goals of science teaching, teachers' beliefs, cultural myths in physical science education

Risk factor control and adherence to recommended Lifestyle among US hypertension patients

BackgroundAlthough hypertension is a significant public health challenge globally, only a few studies have assessed the effectiveness of risk factor control and adherence to recommended lifestyle among United States hypertension patients.MethodsIn this study, a detailed, stratified analysis of the 1999–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was conducted to assess the adequacy of risk factor control and conformity to recommended lifestyle among United States patients with hypertension. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify influencing factors associated with not acheving risk factors and lifestyle targets.ResultsA total of 21,770 participants (mean age, 62 ± 15 years) were enrolled in this study. About one in five (20%) participants achieved the recommended body mass index goal, 40% achieved the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal, and 30% achieved the recommended waist circumference. Most patients (80%) achieved the recommended smoking goal, 58% met the recommended alcohol consumption, and 19% achieved the recommended physical activity goal. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age, gender, race, education, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus were independent predictors of not achieving risk factors and lifestyle targets.ConclusionsControlling risk factors and adherence to recommended lifestyles are not ideal for hypertension patients. Therefore, further research should assess how to improve the compliance rate and take targeted measures based on influencing factors for long-term prognosis.

Effectiveness of a Person-Centered Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Treatment of Post-COVID-19 Condition: Protocol for a Single-Case Experimental Design Study.

Patients with post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) experience a wide range of complaints (physical, cognitive, and mental), sometimes with high levels of disability in daily activities. Evidence of effective interdisciplinary rehabilitation treatment is lacking. A person-centered, biopsychosocial, interdisciplinary rehabilitation program, adapted to expert opinions and the patient's needs, was therefore developed. This study aims to present a study protocol for a clinical trial to evaluate the effect of a new, person-centered, interdisciplinary rehabilitation treatment for PCC. It is aimed at improving participation in society and health-related quality of life in patients with PCC who perceive a high level of disability in daily activities or participation. A total of 20 Dutch adults, aged 18 years or older, with high levels of disability in daily activities and participation in society will be included in this replicated and randomized single-case experimental design study, from October 2023 onward. The replicated and randomized single-case experimental design consists of 3 phases. The baseline phase is the observational period, in which no specific treatment will be given. In the intervention phase, patients will receive the new outpatient treatment 3 times a week for 12 weeks, followed by a 12-week follow-up phase. During the intervention phase, the treatment will be personalized according to the patient's physical, mental, and cognitive symptoms and goals. The treatment team can consist of a rehabilitation physician, physiotherapist, occupational therapist, speech therapist, and psychologist. The primary outcomes of the study are daily diaries, which consist of 8 questions selected from validated questionnaires (Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation, EQ-5D-5L, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). The other primary outcome measurements are participation in society (Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation) and health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L). The secondary outcomes are physical tests and validated questionnaires aimed at physical, mental, and cognitive complaints. Effect evaluation based on daily assessments will include visual analysis, calculation of effect sizes (Nonoverlap of All Pairs), randomization tests, and multilevel analysis. In addition, other analyses will be based on ANOVA or a 2-tailed Student t test. Data collection for this study started in October 2023 and is planned to be completed in July 2024. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences. This is the first study investigating the effect of an interdisciplinary rehabilitation treatment with a person-centered, biopsychosocial approach in patients with PCC. Our findings will help to improve the treatment and support of patients with PCC. German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00032636; https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00032636. DERR1-10.2196/63951.

Pathways to social integration among homeless-experienced adults with serious mental illness: a qualitative perspective

BackgroundSocial integration (i.e., reciprocal interactions with peers and community members) is a notable challenge for many homeless-experienced adults with serious mental illness (SMI). In this study, we examine a range of housing services offered to homeless-experienced adults with SMI and identify the impacts of supportive services on participants’ social integration outcomes, with the goal of improving services in transitional and permanent housing settings for homeless-experienced adults with SMI.MethodsThrough semi-structured interviews with homeless-experienced adults with SMI (n = 30), we examine the impacts of housing and service settings on participants’ social integration. Participants received services in a variety of housing settings, including transitional housing with congregate/shared living (n = 10), transitional housing with individual quarters (n = 10), and permanent supportive housing (n = 10).ResultsParticipants expressed caution in developing social relationships, as these could pose barriers to recovery goals (e.g., substance use recovery). For many, social integration was secondary to mental and physical health and/or housing stability goals. Individual quarters gave individuals a place of respite and a sense of control regarding when and with whom they socialized. Meeting recovery goals was strongly related to connecting to and receiving a range of supportive services; interviews suggest that proximity to services was critical for engagement in these resources.ConclusionsPrograms serving homeless experienced adults with SMI should seek to understand how individuals conceptualize social integration, and how social relationships can either support or hinder participants’ recovery journey.

Is the continuity of the therapist-patient relationship relevant for the discharge outcome in orthopaedic physical rehabilitation?

Continuity of care has been linked to patient satisfaction and self-reported outcomes. Following hip fractures in the elderly, rehabilitation aims at restoring patients' mobility and independence at the pre-fracture level and at the earliest possible time. Despite the potential role of physiotherapists' continuity on functional outcomes, this correlation has not yet been studied in an acute orthopaedic setting. Guaranteeing the presence of the same physical therapist on individual patients is challenging from an organizational point of view. An observational retrospective study was conducted on 129 aged patients (84 ± 8years) who underwent surgery for proximal hip fracture. Indicators of outcomes were ILOA score at discharge, length of stay and achievement of rehabilitation goals as defined by the Individual Rehabilitation Project. The number of physical therapists taking care of patients was monitored during the patient's hospital stay. No correlation was found between the number of physical therapists and functional goals at discharge. The frequent change of physical therapists providing rehabilitation to elderly patients who underwent surgery for hip fragile fracture is not related to functional outcomes.

Design and implementation of audio-visual learning media for volleyball passing and serving techniques in junior high school

One of the main challenges in physical education learning is the limited availability of appropriate and interesting learning media for students. This research aimed to develop audio-visual learning media products in class VIII junior high school PE subjects on specific motion material for variations in upper passing, lower passing variations, upper service variations, and lower service variations in volleyball games. The research was conducted as development research adopted the Borg Gall model: preliminary study, planning stage and initial research product development, expert validity test stage and product revision, small- and large-scale tests, effectiveness test and distribution of learning media products. Validation of learning media development is carried out by learning material experts, learning media experts, and learning media design experts. Following the expert validation of the learning content and material by subject matter experts, the validation of the learning media by media specialists, and the validation of the learning media design, further validation conducted by an online questionnaire to gather further feedback and insights. The results were obtained in the form of audio-visual learning media products that were tested to large groups receiving a validation score of 93% from learning material experts, 94% from learning media experts, and 95% from learning media design experts. For the effectiveness test, pre and post-tests on improving volleyball passing and serving skills has done and obtained the experimental class obtained a gain value of 0.62 and the control class obtained a gain value of 0.28. This research concluded that the use of audio-visual learning media in physical education showed positive results in improving understanding, motivation, and learning outcomes of volleyball games. With the right support, this media can be an effective tool to enrich the learning experience and support the achievement of physical education goals.

Personal Goals, User Engagement, and Meal Adherence within a Personalised AI-Based Mobile Application for Nutrition and Physical Activity.

Mobile applications have been shown to be an effective and feasible intervention medium for improving healthy food intake in different target groups. As part of the PeRsOnalized nutriTion for hEalthy livINg (PROTEIN) European Union H2020 project, the PROTEIN mobile application was developed as an end-user environment, aiming to facilitate healthier lifestyles through artificial intelligence (AI)-based personalised dietary and physical activity recommendations. Recommendations were generated by an AI advisor for different user groups, combining users' personal information and preferences with a custom knowledge-based system developed by experts to create personalised, evidence-based nutrition and activity plans. The PROTEIN app was piloted across different user groups in five European countries (Belgium, Germany, Greece, Portugal, and the United Kingdom). Data from the PROTEIN app's user database (n = 579) and the PROTEIN end-user questionnaire (n = 446) were analysed using the chi-square test of independence to identify associations between personal goals, meal recommendations, and meal adherence among different gender, age, and user groups. The results indicate that weight loss-related goals are more prevalent, as well as more engaging, across all users. Health- and physical activity-related goals are key for increased meal adherence, with further differentiation evident between age and user groups. Congruency between user groups and their respective goals is also important for increased meal adherence. Our study outcomes, and the overall research framework created by the PROTEIN project, can be used to inform the future development of nutrition mobile applications and enable researchers and application designers/developers to better address personalisation for specific user groups, with a focus on user intent, as well as in-app features.

Dogs with prior experience of a task still overimitate their caregiver

Domestic dogs have been shown to copy their caregiver’s actions, including ones which are causally-irrelevant to a physical goal—a behaviour called “overimitation”. In a new overimitation task with a non-food reward, this study investigated “causal misunderstanding”—falsely assuming causally-irrelevant actions to have functional relevancy—as an explanation for dog overimitation (N = 81). By providing dogs with prior experience of the task to learn about the consequences of its irrelevant box-stepping and relevant bucket-opening action to obtain a toy-ball, we tested whether and when dogs would copy their caregiver’s irrelevant-action demonstrations. Dogs with and without prior experience were compared to a third (control) group of dogs, who had neither prior experience nor caregiver demonstrations of the task. Results revealed that the timing of overimitation, rather than its frequency, was closely related to dogs' prior experience: dogs with prior experience attended to their reward first, then interacted with the irrelevant box later (“post-goal overimitation”), while dogs without prior experience first interacted with the irrelevant box (“pre-goal overimitation”). Our results suggest that, when action consequences are understood, dogs are overimitating for a secondary social goal that is clearly distinct from the task goal of obtaining a physical reward.

Increasing adolescents’ physical activity levels through a comprehensive school-based physical activity program: study protocol of the cluster randomized controlled trial Active School

BackgroundThe positive effects of regular physical activity on children and adolescents’ physical and mental health are well-established. Despite these health benefits, most Swiss adolescents do not meet WHO’s recommended level of physical activity, which includes a daily minimum of 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Due to their inclusivity, schools are identified as a key setting to promote physical activity. Recently, the comprehensive school physical activity program (CSPAP), in which teachers as physical activity leaders (PALs) play a crucial role to advance comprehensive school-based physical activity promotion, has been discussed. However, such comprehensive approaches are still lacking in Switzerland, and specific PAL trainings do not exist. Therefore, the aim of this study is to implement and evaluate Active School, a comprehensive school-based physical activity program for Swiss secondary schools with integrated PAL training.Methods/designA cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving 12 secondary schools (6 experimental, 6 waiting control schools) will assess baseline data and effectiveness of Active School at 12 and 24 months. Active School includes five components based on the CSPAP. Each school is encouraged to set individual physical activity goals in this regard. This process is guided by the PALs, who will participate in professional development training before and during Active School implementation. As a primary outcome, students’ moderate-to-vigorous physical activity will be assessed via accelerometers. As secondary outcomes, inactivity, light physical activity, step counts, aerobic fitness and coordination will be measured, and students’ general wellbeing, learning behavior, and multiple psychosocial measures related to physical activity will be assessed by questionnaires. The effectiveness evaluation is accompanied by a process evaluation that focuses on the implementation outcomes of dose of delivery, reach, feasibility, and sustainability. A mixed methods approach, including ripple effect mapping, will be employed to reconstruct and understand the implementation process.DiscussionThis study will be the first to implement and evaluate a CSPAP in the Swiss school system. The specific PAL training and the simultaneous application of effectiveness and process evaluation are considered strengths of the study.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00033362). Date of registration: January 25, 2024. Retrospectively registered.

Goal Setting Moderates Behavior Change Outcomes in College Students After an Online Health Coaching Intervention

ABSTRACT Background Health coaching sessions that incorporate goal setting may help improve college students' health behaviors. Purpose This study examined whether specific goal-setting practices moderated changes in health behaviors during an online wellness intervention in college students. Methods Participants were 90 college students recruited from one US university. The intervention was a one-hour virtual one-on-one health coaching session where participants set two goals for either physical activity (Metabolic Equivalent Task (MET)-minutes or MET-minutes), nutrition, sleep, or stress management. Self-reported baseline behaviors were collected, and follow-up surveys were completed at 6- and 12-weeks. Mixed effects models examined behavior change outcomes across the follow-up timepoints while testing the moderating effect of goal setting using interactions. Results The Goal×Time interaction was significant for moderate MET-minutes at 1st follow-up (b = 443, p = .003), and for total MET-minutes at the 2nd follow-up (b = 717, p = .047). The Goal×Time interaction was also significant for stress management at 1st follow-up (Odds Ratio = 7.3, p = .042). Discussion Participants who set physical activity and stress management goals had significantly higher physical activity and utilized more stress management techniques. Translation to Health Education Practice The use of specific goal-setting strategies for physical activity and stress management is recommended during online health coaching sessions. A AJHE Self-Study quiz is online for this article via the SHAPE America Online Institute (SAOI) http://portal.shapeamerica.org/trn-Webinars.

Design & Baseline Characteristics of Preactive-PD Telehealth Coaching to Increase Physical Activity in Early-Stage Parkinson’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Date Presented 03/23/24 PreActive-PD, a randomized controlled trial, will evaluate the effects of telehealth coaching to support physical activity goal setting and participation in people with early-stage Parkinson’s disease. Design and baseline characteristics will be discussed. Primary Author and Speaker: Katrina M. Long Additional Authors and Speakers: Alissa C. Pacheco Contributing Authors: Lori Quinn

Development of a Novel Mobile Health App to Empower Young People With Type 1 Diabetes to Exercise Safely: Co-Design Approach.

Blood glucose management around exercise is challenging for youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Previous research has indicated interventions including decision-support aids to better support youth to effectively contextualize blood glucose results and take appropriate action to optimize glucose levels during and after exercise. Mobile health (mHealth) apps help deliver health behavior interventions to youth with T1D, given the use of technology for glucose monitoring, insulin dosing, and carbohydrate counting. We aimed to develop a novel prototype mHealth app to support exercise management among youth with T1D, detail the application of a co-design process and design thinking principles to inform app design and development, and identify app content and functionality that youth with T1D need to meet their physical activity goals. A co-design approach with a user-centered design thinking framework was used to develop a prototype mHealth app "acT1ve" during the 18-month design process (March 2018 to September 2019). To better understand and respond to the challenges among youth with diabetes when physically active, 10 focus groups were conducted with youth aged 13-25 years with T1D and parents of youth with T1D. Thereafter, we conducted participatory design workshops with youth to identify key app features that would support individual needs when physically active. These features were incorporated into a wireframe, which was critically reviewed by participants. A beta version of "acT1ve" was built in iOS and android operating systems, which underwent critical review by end users, clinicians, researchers, experts in exercise and T1D, and app designers. Sixty youth with T1D, 14 parents, 6 researchers, and 10 clinicians were engaged in the development of "acT1ve." acT1ve included key features identified by youth, which would support their individual needs when physically active. It provided advice on carbohydrates and insulin during exercise, information on hypoglycemia treatment, pre- and postexercise advice, and an educational food guide regarding exercise management. "acT1ve" contained an exercise advisor algorithm comprising 240 pathways developed by experts in diabetes and exercise research. Based on participant input during exercise, acT1ve provided personalized insulin and carbohydrate advice for exercise lasting up to 60 minutes. It also contains other features including an activity log, which displays a complete record of the end users' activities and associated exercise advice provided by the app's algorithm for later reference, and regular reminder notifications for end users to check or monitor their glucose levels. The co-design approach and the practical application of the user-centered design thinking framework were successfully applied in developing "acT1ve." The design thinking processes allowed youth with T1D to identify app features that would support them to be physically active, and particularly enabled the delivery of individualized advice. Furthermore, app development has been described in detail to help guide others embarking on a similar project. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619001414101; https://tinyurl.com/mu9jvn2d.

Walk to recovery: an evaluation of adventure therapy in an early intervention for psychosis service

ABSTRACT Background It was considered useful to describe service-users’ and staff’s experience of Adventure Therapy (AT) in an Early Intervention for Psychosis (EIP) service, exploring the impact on personal wellbeing and feasibility of use. Method Focus groups were conducted with 14 participants, immediately following, and three months after a four day hiking trip. Transcripts were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Questionnaires were administered pre and post trip to describe service-users’ physical activity, recovery and personal goals. Results A majority of participants reported progress towards personal goals on the AT trip and improvements in confidence and connectedness. Questionnaire items did not show improvements in physical activity and recovery measures at 3- and 6-month follow-up. Four key themes emerged from the focus groups. The themes centred around the social experience of being in relation to others and a more personal emotional experience: (a) social connectedness, (b) challenging perceptions of self-capabilities, (c) positive reaction to new experiences and (d) motivation for more. Discussion AT was positively experienced by both staff and service-users. Key areas of benefit were recognised and considered for utilisation in services in different ways. Further studies are warranted exploring maintaining and supporting benefits gained following AT.

Upper and Lower Limb Muscle Activation during Green Care: An Electromyographic Analysis

Green care activities are associated with lower intensity and a lower risk of injury than agricultural activities aimed at producing agricultural and livestock products; however, the risk of health problems cannot be completely ruled out. To implement green care interventions to improve physical health, it is essential to identify the green care activity levels and biomechanical characteristics of the movements that are appropriate for each subject’s physical functions and goals. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the muscle activation of the upper and lower limbs during 19 green care farming activities. We used electromyography signals, which are biomedical signals that measure the action potentials generated in the muscles and nervous system when the muscles contract, to evaluate the muscle activation. Twenty adults (aged 29.9 ± 9.6 years) participated in this study. Participants performed 19 green care farming activities, including horticultural activity, animal-mediated, and off-farming activities. The participants performed each activity three times. The electromyography data were assessed using surface electromyography during activities to measure muscle activation. As a result, 16 upper and lower limb muscles were activated during the green care farming activities, which showed significantly different muscle activation by care farming activity. As a result of the comparison of muscle activity according to each muscle, many of the muscles of the upper and lower limbs were most activated during organizing a garden plot, transplanting plants, and collecting natural objects. In conclusion, the electromyography data obtained during this study suggest that green care farming interventions may be effective for training specific muscles of the upper and lower limbs.

Evaluation of Sports Learning Methods of SD IT Haudhin Ilma Langkat City

Physical education and sports (PES) play a crucial role in the holistic development of individuals, particularly in physical, mental, and social health. Primary schools (SD) serve as an ideal setting for instilling healthy and active lifestyles through effective sports education. At SD IT Haudhin Ilma Kota Langkat, serious attention is given to this aspect. Therefore, an evaluation of the sports education methods employed in the school is essential to ensure the achievement of desired physical education goals. This study employs a qualitative method with an observational analysis approach to assess the sports education process at SD IT Haudhin Ilma Kota Langkat. The research aims to provide a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of sports education methods applied at SD IT Haudhin Ilma Kota Langkat. Consequently, it is anticipated that this study will contribute positively to the development and enhancement of sports education processes at the primary school level.

Predictive Model of the Relationship between Appearance, Eating Attitudes, and Physical Activity Behavior in Young People amid COVID-19.

This cross-sectional study conducted in Poland explored the relationship between the fear of negative appearance evaluations, eating disorders, and physical activity objectives, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale (FNAES), the Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26), and the Physical Activity Goals Inventory (IPAO) were administered to 644 participants (455 males with a mean age of 35.2 ± 6.2 years and 189 females with a mean age of 30.18 ± 5.7 years). This study explored the effects of gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) on FNAES, EAT-26, and IPAO scores. The results of this study demonstrated that females scored higher on fear of negative appearance, peaking at 41-50 years of age. Distinct BMI categories were associated with different negative appearance fear scores, eating attitudes, and physical activity objectives. Significant correlations were also found between the fear of negative appearance, dietary attitudes, and physical activity goals. Eating attitudes completely moderated the relationship between the fear of negative appearance and physical activity objectives. A significant interaction effect of age and body mass index on physical activity objectives was also revealed. These results highlight the relevance of considering gender, age, and body mass index when examining the associations between the fear of negative appearance, eating attitudes, and physical activity objectives.

Sports Injuries Support: Towards a Proposed Intervention Program for Soccer Training

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between university football students' experiences of sports injuries and rehabilitation support, and the effectiveness of rehabilitation support provided to this group. The study adopted a mixed research method combining quantitative and qualitative methods, and data were collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The study population consisted of 180 football students from Jiaqing College and Guangzhou Sports Institute. It was found that the students demonstrated high levels of knowledge, preparation, and application of sports injuries, as well as positive attitudes towards all aspects of rehabilitation support (including physical rehabilitation, psychological support, functional recovery, rehabilitation goals and social support). Correlation analyses with the correlation between sports injuries and rehabilitation support showed a significant positive correlation, emphasizing the importance of rehabilitation support in dealing with sports injuries.

Assessing the Impact of Remote Learning on Learning Competencies of Senior High School Students in the Health Optimizing Physical Education (HOPE) Program

This study examined the impact of remote learning on the competencies of learning objectives within the HOPE program for Grades 11 and 12 students in Mabalacat City. Using a quantitative-descriptive survey design with 12 PE teachers and coordinators, the study employed the Context-Input-Process-Product (CIPP) model to evaluate the program’s effectiveness, focusing on the “product” aspect. Findings revealed positive outcomes, with students exceeding their learning objectives in key areas aligned with the K-12 curriculum. Students successfully demonstrated an understanding of physical activity’s role in stress management and engagement in moderate-to-vigorous activities. They also displayed an advanced grasp of personal safety protocols, suggesting readiness for potential careers in health and fitness. These findings contribute to the understanding of remote learning’s potential in achieving physical education goals. Further research could explore the long-term impact of these approaches and their applicability to wider contexts, informing curriculum development and educational policy decisions.

Financial resources applied to artisanal fishing and aquaculture programs between 2013 and 2022 in the state of Pará: lost decade?

This article analyzed the physical and financial goals (forecasted and accomplished) of the Programs aimed at Fishing and Aquaculture of 03 Multi-Year Plans (PPAs) of the state of Pará in 12 Integration Regions (I.R.) between 2013 and 2022, taking only the actual values used by the Programs in these Axes are taken into account, and not the values paid by them. Of the 03 Programs found - Sustainable Development Program for Fisheries and Aquaculture (DESUPA – 2012 to 2015); Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries Program (AGROPECP - 2016 to 2019) and Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Program (AGRIPECPA - 2020 to 2023), DESUPA was the only specific program for fishing and aquaculture activities, allocating 100% resources to the respective activities and presenting a higher number of actions However, AGRIPECPA carried out the lowest number of actions and the largest investment in Fisheries and Aquaculture. I.R. Guajará presented the largest investment between 2012 and 2022, and Lago de Tucuruí, the smallest. To date, there is no planning for Artisanal Fishing and Aquaculture – despite being socially and economically relevant –consistent with the importance of both generating employment and income and combating hunger in the state of Pará as they received smaller investments from all Programs from 2013 to 2022 than other rural activities, demonstrating that both are not yet considered priority activities for state sustainable development.