Frontiers Of Physics Research Articles

Éilís Ní Dhuibhne’s Little Red and Other Stories and gerotranscendence on the page

Abstract Little Red and Other Stories is a collection of short stories that taps into many different dimensions of older women’s existence, exploring characters who are often bereft or in search of a more meaningful expression of their identity. Divided by physical and non-physical frontiers, gerontological challenges persist as much as the desire to live in spite of internal and external changes. The stories are shaped by mortality and by the subjective and imaginary discourses of culture, with the issues of autonomy, agency, intimacy and well-being remaining at their core. Little Red and Other Stories provides us with a multidirectional perspective on the aging process. It offers stories that see characters move towards a greater experience of agency and relational freedom. The internal interrogations and external interpellations present in the narratives are reinforced by the author’s use of metatextuality, bearing in mind her expertise in folk literature and mythology. She deliberately places her characters in unusual circumstances in order to convince her reader that if crossing of the real/fantastic worlds is possible, it is also possible to cross, or challenge, age definitions. If transgressions are possible on the page, we, too, have the capacity to create our own life-narratives and be agentic in our older age, a time conventionally seen as stagnant, limited and dominated by decline. Indeed, older people, mostly women in Ní Dhuibhne, have an extraordinary capacity to translate their experience into wisdom and possess the necessary stamina to rewrite their stories.

Pulsed magnetic fields of over 100 T produced by relativistic intensity laser pulse irradiating no-hole capacitor-coil target

A relativistic intensity laser pulse with energy from 25 to 130 J was used to produce strong magnetic fields in interactions with the designed no-hole capacitor-coil target. The magnetic field was estimated by the proton deflectometry method ignoring the potential influences of electric field. The proton deflection profiles in experiments are in good agreement with that by particle-track simulation with only the effect of coil magnetic field. The maximum magnetic field obtained in the experiment in the center of the coil is 117 ± 4 T. The experimental results with different laser energies are consistent with the previously found magnetic field production model in magnetic field amplitude and time sequence. It shows that the model has good prediction ability for magnetic field results. The results are beneficial to establish the experimental platform for generating a controllable pulsed magnetic field by relativistic intensity laser interaction. It potentially opens new frontiers in basic physics which require strong magnetic field environments.

Refractive plasma optics for relativistic laser beams

The high intensities reached today by powerful lasers enable us to explore the interaction with matter in the relativistic regime, unveiling a fertile domain of modern science that is pushing far away the frontiers of plasma physics. In this context, refractive-plasma optics are being utilized in well established wave guiding schemes in laser plasma accelerators. However, their use for spatial phase control of the laser beam has never been successfully implemented, partly due to the complication in manufacturing such optics. We here demonstrate this concept which enables phase manipulation near the focus position, where the intensity is already relativistic. Offering such flexible control, high-intensity high-density interaction is becoming accessible, allowing for example, to produce multiple energetic electron beams with high pointing stability and reproducibility. Cancelling the refractive effect with adaptive mirrors at the far field confirms this concept and furthermore improves the coupling of the laser to the plasma in comparison to the null test case, with potential benefits in dense-target applications.

Probing electron localization during molecular dissociation by femtosecond strong-field ion momentum spectroscopy

The study of molecular valence electron dynamics and their coupling with nuclear motion is one of the frontiers of ultrafast physics and ultrafast chemistry. With time-resolved strong-field ion momentum spectroscopy, we study electron valence and nucleus wavepacket evolution on a femtosecond timescale. Two orientation-dependent bond-breaks of N2O molecules from the same electronic state are studied, and the influence of orbital hybridization and polarization effect during molecular breaking is analyzed based on the measured time-resolved asymmetric Pzsum distributions, allowing a visual representation of electron localization during the dissociation of molecules into ions and atoms. Comparison of experimental and theoretical results on orientation-dependent dissociation dynamics allows us to understand how nuclear motions evolve during fragmentation and to control ultrafast molecular reactions.

Existential capitalism and gentrification in pandemic times

After a brief lull in gentrification amid the recent massive lockdown and economic stall across the global north, this process's fifth wave again moves rapidly through many cities. We muddy up frequently undertheorized actors in current gentrification, on-the-ground consumers and producers of this restructuring, to complicate radical political economy understandings of this process. Focusing on two growing gentrifier groups in this process's fifth wave, one kind of hipster (the upper-income urban pioneer) and one kind of developer (the real-estate mogul), we identify them as psychically seared by three structural, entangling forces that embed in the capitalist everyday: piercing pandemic realities, gnawing capitalist affliction and numbing existential ailment. Our text's heart is how a group's leap into gentrification becomes a dramatic quest to bolster their withered meaning systems. As we show, gentrification for this important demographic is, in pandemic days, one glittery and well publicized way – a perverse way – to feel whole and escape the psychic dungeon of everyday life and work. This group's fantasy of re-birthing the city center as a new moral, social and physical frontier is cathartic theater; it enlivens them to recover what they struggle to re-claim: a lost euphoria of feelings and experiential relevance. Our re-centering the role of these actors in current gentrification, after decades of simplifying their goals and motivations, takes them out of the domain of sleepy, simple subjects to the recognition of complicated beings in advanced capitalist-pandemic days.

Mode Coupling in Electromechanical Systems: Recent Advances and Applications

AbstractMode interactions have recently become the focus of intense research in micro/nanoelectromechanical systems (M/NEMS) due to their ability to improve device performance and explore the frontiers of fundamental physics. Understanding and controlling coupling between vibrational modes are critical for the development of advanced M/NEMS devices. This review summarizes the recent advances in studies of coupling between multiple modes in M/NEMS resonators, focusing especially on experimental developments and practical applications. First, depending on spatial distribution of interacting modes, this review divides the coupled mechanism in three types: intermode, near‐neighbor, and long‐range coupling. Then, several fundamental physics approaches based on mechanical‐mode coupling, including linear and nonlinear coupling, modal localization, synchronization, and phonon manipulation are reviewed. This review also introduces sensing applications by using coupled mechanical modes. Finally, the state‐of‐the‐art open questions and challenges are reviewed.

Research into the fundamental building block of quantum theorem of the unified force field

This is a work based on the extension of the work of Professor James Clerk Maxwell and Albert Einstein into a new framework of science built on provable mathematical theorem which serves as a basis for unifications of the fundamental forces which all together have become impossible to unify under the current framework of General relativity and Quantum Field theory. It is to be used as a piece for inspiring new innovations, discovering and exploring the terrains of the difficult pathways in physics where our modern physical theories have failed. This work is meant to be adapted and used by various physics professionals who are working on extending the frontiers of physics or providing solutions to problems that cannot be handled by current physics framework. In summary it is an inspirational tool that hopefully will help our professional in physics out there. It interpretations and applications is subject to the personal inspirations the reader who is a professional can derived from the work for his or her personal usage.

Comparison of Detection Schemes for Different Types of Dark Matter Candidate

Dark matter is one of the most concerning topics in frontier physics today, through continuously exploring scientific research personnel, people gradually have a certain knowledge of the dark matter, about a potential way of detecting dark matter particles. However, the researchers found that still lack of unified cognition, therefore the research topic of this article is to compare different state-of-art ways and scenarios to explore the dark matter particles. To be specific, direct detection, the way in indirect detection and the way collision detection. By comparing the merits and demerits of historical dark matter detection methods, this study tries to summarize more effective ways of observing dark matter. According to the analysis, the most successful scenarios that has been carried out right now is the direct detection. These findings provide useful information for directing future research that could improve the current conventional particle model or, as proposed by Einstein a century ago, open up new physics horizons. These results shed light on guiding further exploration of searching dark matter.

Theoretical analysis and experiment of multi-modal coupled vibration of piezo-driven Π-shaped resonator

Nonlinear modal interactions have recently become the focus of intense research in mechanical resonators for their use to improve oscillator performance and probe the frontiers of fundamental physics. This paper reports for the first time a piezoelectric driven Π-shaped beam with 1:1:2 internal resonance and systematically studies the multi-mode coupling dynamic behavior. Typically, the influence mechanism of driving voltage on the energy transfer path of the multi-modal vibration is experimentally observed. With the increase of the driving voltage, number of frequency intervals of modal coupled vibration increases from 1 to 3, and then decreases to 2, which is unique to multi-mode coupled resonators. To explain the various complex nonlinear phenomena observed experimentally, a theoretical framework for multi-modal coupled vibration analysis of Π-shaped resonator is proposed for the first time. Perturbation and bifurcation analysis are introduced to deduce the discriminant formula of multi-modal coupled vibration theoretically. Both experimental measurements and theoretical predictions show that the multi-modal coupling greatly complicates the dynamic behavior of the resonant system and induces multiple amplitude jumps. In particular, based on the multi-modal coupled vibration behavior of the Π-shaped resonator, a conceptual model of trigger resonance sensor with multiple mass warnings is creatively proposed. The experimental results show that the amplitude of the resonant system has six distinct changes with the increase of the added mass, accompanied by bifurcation phenomenon. The research results of this paper provide a systematic framework for the development of multi-mode coupled resonant devices.

Editorial: Advanced photonic devices and sensing systems

The Diffuse Speckle Pulsatile Flowmetry provides an high monitoring rates of around 300 Hz for non-invasive measurement of blood flow in deep tissue, exhibiting promising potential for the monitoring various pathologies associated with abnormal blood flow.In the reported article author examined the parameter comprises this technique including speckle size and exposure time on measuere flow reading experimentally and reported how the flow measurement sensitivity was affected by these parameters.3. Che, Zonglun, Jun Wang, Pan Xu, Xijia Gu, Lina Ma, Jing Zhu, and Chunyan Cao. "A spatially non-overlapping dual-wavelength 2D FBG for the measurement of temperature and strain." Frontiers in Physics ( 2022): 925.In the reported work auhtor proposed designing of a dual-wavelength 2D fiber Bragg grating (FBG) written on a standard single-mode fiber to monitor temperature and strain simultanously. The sensor showed an high sensitivty for temperature and strain of 10.64pm/°C and 0.882731pm/uε at the central wavelength of 1548nm, while 10.74pm/°C and 0.916080pm/uε at the central wavelength of 1550nm.4. Shi, Weihua, Rongqiu Mu, Xiaochen Guo, Rushan Jiang, Mingyu Shangguan, Qing Feng Li, Huiyi Zhang, Ling Zhang, and

3D Printed Graphene-Based Metamaterials: Guesting Multi-Functionality in One Gain.

Advanced functional materials with fascinating properties and extended structural design have greatly broadened their applications. Metamaterials, exhibiting unprecedented physical properties (mechanical, electromagnetic, acoustic, etc.), are considered frontiers of physics, material science, and engineering. With the emerging 3D printing technology, the manufacturing of metamaterials becomes much more convenient. Graphene, due to its superior properties such as large surface area, superior electrical/thermal conductivity, and outstanding mechanical properties, shows promising applications to add multi-functionality into existing metamaterials for various applications. In this review, the aim is to outline the latest developments and applications of 3D printed graphene-based metamaterials. The structure design of different types of metamaterials and the fabrication strategies for 3D printed graphene-based materials are first reviewed. Then the representative explorations of 3D printed graphene-based metamaterials and multi-functionality that can be introduced with such a combination are further discussed. Subsequently, challenges and opportunities are provided, seeking to point out future directions of 3D printed graphene-based metamaterials.

Hyper-Kamiokande detector and its capabilities in astrophysical neutrino search

Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K) is a next generation underground large water Cherenkov detector. Its tank will be filled with 260000 metric tons of ultra-pure water with a fiducial volume of 0.19 Mtons, which is about 8 times larger than that of its predecessor Super-Kamiokande. In its water volume, Cherenkov light will be produced by neutrino interactions and detected by newly developed photo sensors installed in a dedicated frame.Two different kinds of photo-detectors systems are considered for Hyper-K: 20-inch PMT and multi-PMT (mPMT). In particular, the mPMT system consists of a pressure sealed vessel with 19 3-inch PMTs installed inside. This configuration was implemented for the first time in the KM3NeT experiment, and has been demonstrated to improve the Hyper-K physics capabilities [1, 2].Hyper-K will be located in the Kamioka mine (Japan), where a dedicated cavern under a 600m-high mountain is being excavated for the installation of the detector. With its fruitful physics research program, Hyper-K will play a highly significant role in the next neutrino physics frontier, in particular for the CP violation, and including the neutrino astrophysics program, providing important information from its measurements.The physics potential of the Hyper-K neutrino astrophysics program will be discussed in this contribution.

Concept of Very-Asymmetric lepton Collider for dark matter search

Accelerator-based searches for dark matter are aiming for high sensitivity and need an experimental setup with high luminosity. This field of research is often called intensity frontier physics. One of the best motivated portals of interaction between dark matter and ordinary matter is a dark photon which could be observed as a resonance in the invariant mass of the decay products. Electron–positron collisions are known to be the cleanest interaction for such a study. In this paper we propose a scheme for a collider which allows for a luminosity of a few orders of magnitude higher than could be obtained in a conventional symmetric collider and with a few times higher accessible mass than is possible using a positron beam and a fixed target approach. The key concept is based on asymmetric energies: a high-energy circulating positron beam and a low-energy high-intensity electron beam, and optimization of the beam interaction region. We present here a configuration of a collision region of 10 MeV electron and 4 GeV positron beams.

Bridging the Gap between Large Research Infrastructures in Physics and Society through Citizen Science

Despite the large progress of science in the frontiers of Physics and its impact to our lives, a gap between research and society is observed. In this article we discuss the potential of citizen science to help bridge this gap by both supporting scientific research and increasing society’s science literacy.

Measurements of global polarization of QCD matter in heavy-ion collisions

The experimental data of the global polarization of Λ hyperon, ϕ and K<sup>*0</sup> vector mesons in high-energy heavy ion collision confirm the new phenomenon of global polarization of hot-dense QCD matter, which has attracted extensive attention from researchers and has become a new hot research direction in the frontier of high-energy nuclear physics. This paper reviews the recent global polarization measurements. We focus on the global polarization measurements of Λ hyperon and ϕ, K<sup>*0</sup> mesons, carried out by the solenoidal tracker detector (STAR) collaboration group at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at its Phase I of Beam Energy Scan program, and extend to the global polarization measurements containing multiple strange quark particles, such as Ξ, Ω and the local polarization studies of Λ along the beam direction. In the paper, we also briefly comment on the measurements at higher energy from the large hadron collider (LHC) and at very low energy in HADES experiment. In the end of the paper, the physical information given by these experimental results is also briefly discussed.

Stable continuous-wave lasing from discrete cesium lead bromide quantum dots embedded in a microcavity.

All-inorganic cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) quantum dots (QDs) with high photoluminescence (PL) quantum efficiency have been reported as ideal gain materials for high-performance lasers. Nevertheless, isolated CsPbBr3 QDs have not achieved lasing emission (LE) due to finite absorption cross-section. Here, we demonstrate continuous-wave lasing of isolated CsPbBr3 QDs embedded in a microcavity. Distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs), together with isolated CsPbBr3 QDs in a polymer matrix, are introduced to construct a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), which exhibits stable single-mode lasing emissions with an ultra-low threshold of 8.8 W cm-2 and a high Q factor of 1787. Such perovskite-based microcavity structures sustain highly stable excitons at room temperature and can provide an excellent experimental platform to further study the single-particle nano-lasers and quantum physics frontiers such as exciton-polariton condensation, single-photon emission, and optical quantum communication.

Classification and Prediction of Skyrmion Material Based on Machine Learning.

The discovery and study of skyrmion materials play an important role in basic frontier physics research and future information technology. The database of 196 materials, including 64 skyrmions, was established and predicted based on machine learning. A variety of intrinsic features are classified to optimize the model, and more than a dozen methods had been used to estimate the existence of skyrmion in magnetic materials, such as support vector machines, k-nearest neighbor, and ensembles of trees. It is found that magnetic materials can be more accurately divided into skyrmion and non-skyrmion classes by using the classification of electronic layer. Note that the rare earths are the key elements affecting the production of skyrmion. The accuracy and reliability of random undersampling bagged trees were 87.5% and 0.89, respectively, which have the potential to build a reliable machine learning model from small data. The existence of skyrmions in LaBaMnO is predicted by the trained model and verified by micromagnetic theory and experiments.

Frontiers in accretion physics at high X-ray spectral resolution

Frontiers in accretion physics at high X-ray spectral resolution

General commentary: Is the moon there if nobody looks—Bell inequalities and physical reality

Marian Kupczynski(MK)is the author of a controversial paper published (2020) in the journal Frontiers in Physics. The work is built around a mathematical claim by MK which is actually false, and MK's logical reasoning around his claim is also incorrect. The same claim was made by him in several other recent papers published in other journals. A proof that the claimed result is false is the main content of our present "Comment". It is purely a mathematical counter-example to a mathematical claim in a number of MK's papers.

Electronic pair alignment and roton feature in the warm dense electron gas

The study of matter under extreme densities and temperatures as they occur, for example, in astrophysical objects and nuclear fusion applications has emerged as one of the most active frontiers in physics, material science, and related disciplines. In this context, a key quantity is given by the dynamic structure factor S(q, ω), which is probed in scattering experiments—the most widely used method of diagnostics at these extreme conditions. In addition to its importance for the study of warm dense matter, the modelling of such dynamic properties of correlated quantum many-body systems constitutes an important theoretical challenge. Here, we report a roton feature in the dynamic structure factor S(q, ω) of the warm dense electron gas, and introduce a microscopic explanation in terms of an electronic pair alignment model. Our results will have direct impact on the interpretation of scattering experiments and may provide insights into the dynamics of a number of correlated quantum many-body systems such as ultracold helium, dipolar supersolids, and bilayer heterostructures.