Physical Fitness Outcomes Research Articles

Tingkat keterlibatan kebugaran jasmani dalam peningkatan prestasi belajar PJOK pada siswa

This study aims to determine the contribution of physical fitness to the learning outcomes of sports and health physical education subjects in class v SDN Cengkareng Timur 21 Pagi. This research is a correlation research. The population and sample of this study were 32 students of class V at SDN Cengkareng Timur 21 Pagi with a range of ages 10-12 years. The measurement of the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test is carried out by measuring 5 tests, namely, running 40 meters, hanging your elbows, lying down, jumping upright and running 600 meters. Data collection techniques with tests using the TKJI test form. While the learning achievement data was taken from the grades of the even semester report cards for PJOK subjects. The results showed that the physical fitness test was in the moderate category and the student learning outcomes test was in the good category. This is evident from the normality test of the TKJI data, the value of sig = .200 means that the significance value of the data is greater than 0.05, meaning that the normality test is normally distributed, and the results of the normality test of the Learning Outcomes data are obtained sig = .190, which means the significance value of the data greater than 0.05, it means that the normality test is normally distributed. From the results of the correlation test, it was obtained that the two variables obtained r = .650 included in the sufficient criteria, meaning that there was a significant contribution between physical fitness and student learning outcomes.

Physical fitness level and the risk of severe COVID-19: A systematic review.

To verify systematically the association between the status of physical fitness and the risk of severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This systematic review is in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) statement and the eligibility criteria followed the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes and Study (PICOS) recommendation. PubMed, Embase, SciELO and Cochrane electronic databases were searched. All studies that explored the relationship between the pattern of physical fitness and COVID-19 adverse outcomes (hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, intubation, or mortality), were selected. The quality of the studies was assessed by the specific scale of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A total of seven observational studies were identified in this systematic review; 13​468 patients were included in one case-control study, two cohort studies, and four cross-sectional studies. All studies reported an inverse association between high physical fitness and severe COVID-19 (hospitalization, intensive care admission, or mortality). Only some studies reported comorbidities, especially obesity and cardiovascular disorders, but the results remained unchanged after controlling for comorbidities. The quality of the seven studies included was moderate according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The methodological heterogeneity of the studies included did not allow a meta-analysis of the findings. In conclusion, higher physical fitness levels were associated with lower risk of hospitalization, intensive care admissions, and mortality rates among patients with COVID-19.

The Link between Physical Fitness and Learning Outcomes of Physical Education, Sports and Health of Students at SMA Negeri Unggul Dharmasraya

The Relationship between Physical Fitness and Learning Outcomes at Unggul Darmasraya State Senior High School, Thesis. Physical fitness is a person's ability to easily carry out daily activities without feeling excessively tired and still have energy reserves to carry out other activities. Through good physical fitness, it is certain that students will be able to accept and absorb the lessons given by the teacher so that the goal of creating the next generation that excels in all aspects can be realized. The data from the test results are processed using a computerized SPSS system. The results showed: 1) The level of physical fitness of class Xe4 students at Unggul Darmasraya State Senior High School was in the moderate category. 2) Class Xe4 Student Learning Outcomes of Unggul Darmasraya State Senior High School are in the Good Category. 3) There is a significant positive relationship between the level of physical fitness and the learning outcomes of Class Xe4 SMA Negeri Unggul Darmasraya in 2023. The population in this study were Class Xe4 students at Unggul Dharmasraya High School who were registered in the odd semester (1) of the 2022/2023 academic year, consisting of 1 class with a total of 25 people. Sampling uses a purposive sampling technique, namely samples taken according to the purpose or desire, so that a sample class is obtained, namely class Xe4 (2) male and female, totaling 25 people. Data Analysis Techniques Using Product Moment Correlation Analysis.

Implementation of a Community-Based Mind-Body (Tae-Bo) Physical Activity Programme on Health-Related Physical Fitness in Rural Black Overweight and Obese Women with Manifest Risk Factors for Multimorbidity.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death globally, particularly impacting low- and middle-income countries and rural dwellers. Therefore, this programme aimed to investigate if a community-based mind-body PA programme implemented in a low-resource setting could improve health-related physical fitness outcomes. Black overweight or obese adult women (25 ± 4.7 years) with a body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg·m-2 recruited from a rural settlement in South Africa with manifest risk factors for multimorbidity were assigned to a 10-week waiting-to-treat non-exercising control group (n = 65) or a community-based mind-body programme (n = 60) consisting of 45-60 min, thrice-weekly Tae-Bo. The intervention resulted in significant (p ≤ 0.05) improvements in body weight (p = 0.043), BMI (p = 0.037), and waist (p = 0.031) and hip circumferences (p = 0.040). Flexibility was found to be significantly increased at mid- and post-programme (p = 0.033 and p = 0.025, respectively) as was static balance (mid: p = 0.022; post: p = 0.019), hand grip strength (mid: p = 0.034; post: p = 0.029), sit-up performance (mid: p = 0.021; post: p = 0.018), and cardiorespiratory endurance (mid: p = 0.017; post: p = 0.011). No significant change was found in sum of skinfolds following the programme (p = 0.057). Such a community-based mind-body programme presents an opportunity to level health inequalities and positively improve health-related physical fitness in low-resource communities irrespective of the underlying barriers to participation.

Exercise Programming Modelling a Standard of Care Approach Improves Physical Health and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Individuals Living with Breast Cancer: A Pilot Study.

Controlled study designs widely report that exercise improves the health of individuals living with breast cancer. Still, many individuals living with breast cancer are not active enough to experience the benefits of exercise. The Activating Cancer Communities through an Exercise Strategy for Survivors study was developed to reach more individuals living with cancer. This report describes the effects of a 12-week individualized exercise program that models a standard-of-care approach on body composition, physical fitness, and patient-reported outcomes in individuals living with breast cancer. Individuals living with breast cancer were recruited for the study and completed an exercise program twice weekly overseen by a Clinical Exercise Physiologist. A total of 43 participants completed the exercise intervention, and 36 withdrew from the study. All participants had significantly improved aerobic fitness, waist circumference, hip circumference, lower body endurance, physical activity behaviour, health-related quality of life, emotional status, and fatigue levels after completing the program. Flexibility, balance, and sleep scores did not change. The results from the 12-week individualized exercise program largely align with the results from more controlled study designs. These results support future initiatives integrating exercise therapy into the standard of care for individuals living with breast cancer.

A Systematic Review of School-based Physical Activity Programs on Physical Fitness, Cognition, and Affective Outcomes in Early Childhood

The purpose of this study was to review intervention studies on school-based physical activity programs in early childhood to identify the gaps and future trends in this topic. Forty-one quantitative experimental studies were identified from nine electronic databases using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. All identified studies were coded using a coding template. The interrater reliability between the two coders was 96.5%. The frequencies and percentages for each coded category were reported descriptively. The randomized controlled trial with a control group was the most used research design (70.7%), and 41.5% of the studies were guided by a theoretical/conceptual framework. The intervention length ranged from four days to three years, and 41.5% of the studies reported an intervention fidelity check in various forms. Different dependent variables were measured, and about half of the studies were focused on physical activity and anthropometry outcomes. A trend of the positive impact of school-based physical activity programs on children in early childhood was found. However, the rigor of studies needs significant improvements in multiple areas. Future intervention programs are suggested to include different elements in the design to develop children’s cognition, physical fitness, and affective outcomes.

Body Mass Index and Physical Fitness among Chinese Adolescents Aged 15-18: A Cross-Sectional Study of Gender Differences.

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between varying levels of obesity and physical fitness test scores among Chinese adolescents, while also investigating gender differences in physical fitness and overall health. Data on height, weight, 50 m sprints, 1000/800 m runs, standing long jumps, sit and reach exercises, pull-ups/bent-leg sit-ups, and additional variables were collected from the DYH health database. Physical fitness indicators were evaluated based on the revised 2014 National Physical Fitness Standards for Students, and scores were assigned accordingly. An ordinal logistic regression (ologit) model was employed to analyze the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and physical fitness. (1) Normal-weight boys achieved significantly higher physical fitness test scores than boys in other weight categories. (2) Underweight and normal-weight girls obtained significantly higher physical fitness test scores compared to overweight and obese girls, with underweight girls scoring slightly higher than those with a normal weight. (1) There is a significant non-linear relationship between BMI levels and physical fitness test scores. (2) Gender differences were observed in physical fitness and overall health outcome. (3) The findings indicate an inverted U-shaped association between BMI and physical fitness among boys, while girls displayed an inverse relationship. This could be attributed to the cultural association between thinness and beauty among girls in China.

The influence of volleyball classes on the physical fitness and health outcomes of college students

Background and Study Aim. The difficult situation in Ukraine related to military operations has created significant challenges for education and sports. This study aimed to examine the impact of volleyball training on the physical fitness and mental health of college students in this context. Physical activity and sports have been shown to have numerous benefits for both physical and mental health. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of volleyball classes on the physical fitness and health outcomes of college students. Materials and Methods. Ten third-year college students participated in the study, all of whom agreed to participate voluntarily. Over a period of three months, the students attended volleyball classes. The following tests were used to measure physical fitness: Shuttle run 3×10 meters (seconds), Running 60 meters (seconds), Jumping up (centimeters), and Jumping over a rope in 30 seconds. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: A comparison of the results at the beginning and end of the study showed significant changes in jumping up and jumping over a rope in 30 seconds (p<0.001). The results of the other tests also showed improvement. Conclusions. The results of this study suggest that volleyball classes had a positive effect on the physical fitness of college students. Specifically, the classes contributed to improvements in all of the tests used to measure physical fitness. Therefore, volleyball classes may be an effective means of promoting physical activity and improving the physical fitness and health outcomes of college students. However, it is recommended that colleges prioritize the safety and well-being of their students above all else by continuing to offer online classes and minimizing in-person gatherings, including sports activities, as much as possible.

School-Based TGfU Volleyball Intervention Improves Physical Fitness and Body Composition in Primary School Students: A Cluster-Randomized Trial.

This study aimed to explore whether a 16-week Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) volleyball intervention could improve primary school students' physical fitness and body composition. Eighty-eight primary school students (age 13.3 ± 0.3 years) were randomized to a TGfU volleyball intervention group (VG) or a control group (CG). The CG attended three regular physical education (PE) classes per week, while the VG attended two regular PE classes and a TGfU volleyball intervention that was implemented in the third PE class. Body composition components (body weight, body mass index, skinfold thickness, body fat percentage, and muscle mass percentage) and physical fitness (flexibility, vertical jumps (squat and countermovement jump-SJ/CMJ), 30 m sprint, agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness) assessments were performed pre-and post-intervention period. Significant interaction effects between VG and CG and pre- and post-test were found for the sum of five skinfolds (p < 0.0005, ŋp2 = 0.168), body fat % (p < 0.0005, ŋp2 = 0.200), muscle mass % (p < 0.0005, ŋp2 = 0.247), SJ (p = 0.002, ŋp2 = 0.103), CMJ (p = 0.001, ŋp2 = 0.120), 30 m sprint (p = 0.019, ŋp2 = 0.062), agility T-test (p < 0.0005, ŋp2 = 0.238), and VO2max (p < 0.0005, ŋp2 = 0.253). Further examination revealed a greater improvement among VG students compared to CG students in certain body composition and physical fitness outcomes. Implementing a TGfU volleyball intervention in the physical education curriculum appears to have effective stimuli for reducing adiposity and promoting physical fitness levels in seventh-grade primary school students.

The remote exercise SWEDEHEART study–Rationale and design of a multicenter registry-based cluster randomized crossover clinical trial (RRCT)

Despite proven benefits of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (EBCR), few patients with myocardial infarction (MI) participate in and complete these programs. The Remote Exercise SWEDEHEART study is a large multicenter registry-based cluster randomized crossover clinical trial with a planned enrollment of 1500 patients with a recent MI. Patients at intervention centers will be offered supervised EBCR, either delivered remotely, center-based or as a combination of both modes, as self-preferred choice. At control centers, patients will be offered supervised center-based EBCR, only. The duration of each time period (intervention/control) for each center will be 15 months and then cross-over occurs. The primary aim is to evaluate if remotely delivered EBCR, offered as an alternative to center-based EBCR, can increase participation in EBCR sessions. The proportion completers in each group will be presented in a supportive responder analysis. The key secondary aim is to investigate if remote EBCR is as least as effective as center-based EBCR, in terms of physical fitness and patient-reported outcome measures. Follow-up of major adverse cardiovascular events (cardiovascular- and all-cause mortality, recurrent hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome, heart failure hospitalization, stroke, and coronary revascularization) will be performed at 1 and 3 years. Safety monitoring of serious adverse events will be registered, and a cost-effectiveness analysis will be conducted to estimate the cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) associated with the intervention compared with control. The cluster randomized crossover clinical trial Remote Exercise SWEDEHEART study is evaluating if participation in EBCR sessions can be increased, which may contribute to health benefits both on a group level and for individual patients including a more equal access to health care. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04260958).

Longitudinal associations between neighborhood child opportunity and physical fitness for New York City public school youth.

Neighborhood environments can support fitness-promoting behavior; yet, little is known about their influence on youth physical fitness outcomes over time. We examined longitudinal associations between neighborhood opportunity and youth physical fitness among NYC public school youth. The Child Opportunity Index (COI), a composite index of 29 indicators measuring neighborhood opportunity at the census tract-level, along with scores on four selected COI indicators were linked to NYC FITNESSGRAM youth at baseline. Fitness outcomes (measured annually, 2011 - 2018) included BMI, curl-ups, push-ups, and PACER laps. Unstratified and age-stratified adjusted three-level generalized liner mixed models, nested by census tract and time, estimated the association between COI and fitness outcomes. The analytic sample (n=204,939) lived in very low (41%) or low (30%) opportunity neighborhoods. Unstratified models indicate that overall COI is modestly associated with improved youth physical fitness outcomes. The strongest opportunity-fitness associations were observed for PACER. Stratified models show differences in associations across younger vs. older youth. We find that neighborhood factors are associated with youth fitness outcomes over time, with the strength of the associations dependent on age. Future implications include better informed place-based interventions tailored to specific life stages to promote youth health.

Effects of home-based exercise programs on physical fitness in cancer patients undergoing active treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of home-based exercise on physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and body composition) in cancer patients undergoing active treatment. Systematic review with meta-analysis and Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation of the evidence. A comprehensive search of existing literature was carried out in four electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and PEDro. All databases were searched for randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of home-based exercise on physical fitness outcomes in cancer patients during active treatment. Multicomponent interventions (i.e., exercise plus diet/behavioral therapy) were excluded. The methodological quality of each study was assessed using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. Meta-analytical procedures were performed when appropriate and standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated. Twenty-eight randomized controlled trials (n = 2424 cancer patients) were included. Most of the interventions were conducted in breast cancer patients (n = 13) during the adjuvant treatment period (n = 17); 18 studies included a walking component in their home-based protocol. Home-based exercise was effective at improving the distance of the 6-minute walk test (k = 6; SMD = 0.321, p = 0.010). However, the results were no longer significant when performing sensitivity analysis based on exclusively walking (k = 1) and non-exclusively walking interventions (k = 5; SMD = 0.258; p = 0.072). No effects were found for muscle strength and body composition outcomes (p > 0.05). Regular home-based exercise programs are an effective strategy to improve 6-minutes walk test in cancer patients undergoing active treatment. Conversely, no alterations were found in muscle strength and body composition.

Effect of combat sports on physical fitness and activities of daily living of older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Objective. To analyze the effects of combat sports (CS) on the physical fitness of older individuals. Methods. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the PRISMA criteria and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022378159). MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that observed older adults submitted to CS programs that reported physical fitness outcomes. The methodological quality and the risk of bias were evaluated using the TESTEX scale and Cochrane Collaboration tool, respectively. Results. Seventeen RCTs were included in the systematic review and 6 provided data for the meta-analysis. The CS analyzed in the studies were Tai Chi Chuan, Taekwondo, and Jiu-Jitsu, with a duration of interventions ranging from 8 to 48 weeks (≅ 57 min/session, 3 ×/week). There was evidence of increases in muscle strength, flexibility, agility, and balance in the participants who practiced CS (p &lt; 0.05). There was a reduction in the absolute values of execution time in the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test after the intervention, indicating improvement in balance (standardized mean difference [SMD]: -0.38; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.60 to 0.16; p &lt; 0.01; I2 = 0%). Balance assessed by the Berg balance scale (BBS) showed significant differences (SMD: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.61; p &lt; 0.01; I2 = 0%) in favor of participants in the experimental group. Conclusions. The current results pointed out that the different CS is effective in physical fitness, improving the performance of activities of daily living in older adults.

The effects of low-volume combined training on health-related physical fitness outcomes in active young adults: A controlled clinical trial.

The effects of combined training (CT) on improving general health are well known, however, few studies have investigated the effects of low-volume CT. So, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of low-volume CT on body composition, handgrip strength (HGS), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and affective response (AR) to exercise. Eighteen healthy, active young adult man (mean​±​SD, [20.06 ± 1.66] years; [22.23 ± 2.76]​kg/m2) performed either a low-volume CT (EG, n​=​9), or maintained a normal life (CG, n​=​9). The CT was composed of three resistance exercises followed by a high intensity-interval training (HIIT) on cycle ergometer performed twice a week. The measures of the body composition, HGS, maximal oxygen consumption ( O2max) and AR to exercise were taken at baseline and after training for analysis. Furthermore, an ANOVA test of repeated measures and t-test paired samples were used with a p​≤​0.05. The results showed that EG improved HGS (pre: [45.67 ± 11.84]​kg vs. post: [52.44 ± 11.90]​kg, p​<​0.01) and O2max (pre: [41.36 ± 5.16]​ml⋅kg-1⋅min-1 vs. post: [44.07 ± 5.98]​ml⋅kg-1⋅min-1, p​<​0.01). Although, for all measures the body composition had not significant differences between weeks (p​>​0.05), nevertheless the feeling scale was positive in all weeks and without significant differences between them (p​>​0.05). Lastly, for active young adults, the low-volume CT improved HGS, CRF and had a positive outcome in AR, with less volume and time spent than traditional exercise recommendations.

Does quantity make the difference? Associations between the amount of physical education and children’s basic motor competencies

Basic motor competencies (BMC) belong to the main learning goals of physical education (PE) in primary school and are needed to actively take part in the culture of sport and human movement. BMC levels between European countries differ widely and individual determinants like age, sex, and extracurricular physical activity participation consistently predict BMC levels (Wälti et al., 2022), but also structural aspects of PE are important factors of learning outcomes. In this study, we wanted to investigate if the weekly amount of PE accounts for differences in BMC levels across countries.&#x0D; We assessed BMC (object movement, self-movement), anthropometric data (sex, age, body-mass-index) and participation in extracurricular physical activity (ball sports, individual sports) in 3,069 6- to 10-year-old primary school children using the MOBAK-1-4 and structural aspects (amount of PE) in 179 teachers from eight European countries. Latent multilevel regression analyses were corrected for children’s sex, age, body-mass-index, extracurricular physical activity participation and region of assessment.&#x0D; Despite differences in the weekly amount of PE in the assessed samples, there were no significant associations between the amount of PE and object movement or self-movement in either the 6- to 8-year-old or the 8- to 10-year-old children. The covariates age, sex, body-mass-index and participation in ball sports were significant predictors of object movement in all children. Body-mass-index and participation in any kind of extracurricular physical activity were significantly associated with self-movement in children aged 6-8 years. In children aged 8-10 years, all anthropometric variables as well as participation in any kind of extracurricular physical activity were significant predictors of self-movement. Other country-specific or PE-related factors might be more crucial for the differences in BMC levels than the amount of PE (García-Hermoso et al., 2020). A focus on the quality and content of PE lessons as well as on the qualification and goals of PE teachers is suggested. Nevertheless, for children who do not participate in extracurricular physical activity, PE can be crucial for BMC development.&#x0D; References&#x0D; García-Hermoso, A., Alonso-Martínez, A. M., Ramírez-Vélez, R., Pérez-Sousa, M. Á., Ramírez-Campillo, R., &amp; Izquierdo, M. (2020). Association of physical education with improvement of health-related physical fitness outcomes and fundamental motor skills among youths: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 174(6), Article e200223. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0223&#x0D; Wälti, M., Sallen, J., Adamakis, M., Ennigkeit, F., Gerlach, E., Heim, C., Jidovtseff, B., Kossyva, I., Labudová, J., Masaryková, D., Mombarg, R., De Sousa Morgado, L., Niederkofler, B., Niehues, M., Onofre, M., Pühse, U., Quitério, A., Scheuer, C., Seelig, H., Vlček, P., . . . &amp; Herrmann, C. (2022). Basic motor competencies of 6- to 8-year-old primary school children in ten European countries: A cross-sectional study on associations with age, sex, BMI and physical activity. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 804753. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.804753

Effect of different weekly frequencies of plyometric-jump and linear-sprint training on youth male futsal athlete’s physical fitness

Introduction: This prospective cross-sectional intervention study aimed to compare the effect of different frequencies (equated for total repetitions) of plyometric-jump and linear-sprint training on U-18 (age, 17,0 ± 1,05) male futsal athlete’s physical fitness. Methods: Athletes (33) were randomly distributed into groups with one (1-TSW, n = 10), two (2-TSW, n = 11), and three (3-TSW, n = 12) training session per week (TSW), during 4 weeks of their regular futsal training routine. Plyometric-jump training involved bipedal and unipedal horizontal maximum-intensity jumps. Linear-sprint training involved maximal-intensity 10-msprints with 30 seconds of rest between sprints. Results: The three training groups completed an equal number of total jumps (n = 780) and sprints (n = 260). A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures on time revealed significant main effects of time for all physical fitness outcomes, i.e., squat jump and counter-movement jump height, power, relative power, standing long jump distance, 10-m and 20-m sprint time, and change of direction sprint time in the T-test (all p &lt; 0.001; d = 0.36-0.69), without significant group × time interaction effects (p = 0.133-0.861; d = 0.01-0.13). Conclusion, Adding plyometric-jump and linear-sprint training to the standard training of youth male futsal athlete’s improves their physical fitness, with similar improvements regardless of the training frequency.

Jump Rope Training for Health and Fitness in School-age Participants: Secondary Analyses from a Systematic Review

Background: Altering moderator variables during a jump rope training (JRT) program can provide a novel training modification that can be used to modify the specific training outcomes. JRT is commonly implemented as a traditional game activity in many countries as an old culture of physical activity in school-age participants (SAP). However, strength and conditioning professionals need to know how JRT moderator variables affect these health- and physical fitness outcomes. Thus, an evidence-gap map (EGM) could provides a clearer picture of the design of an appropriate JRT based on scientific evidence. Objective: the purpose of this systematic review secondary analysis was to assess the moderator variables related to JRT effectiveness for health and physical fitness-related outcomes in SAP. Method: literature searches were conducted in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science and SCOPUS. The PICOS (participants, intervention, comparators, outcomes, and study design) approach was used to rate studies for eligibility. An EGM was constructed to graphically represent the body of evidence and the current research gaps. Results: 10,546 records were initially identified and finally, 8 studies were considered. A total of 186 participants were analysed in the intervention groups (16 groups). Five of Eight studies measured health-related parameters and five of eight included fitness-related parameters. Conclusion: rope weight (e.g., weighted rope i.e. 695 g), adequate post-exercise recovery strategies (e.g., dark chocolate supplementation), type of jump (e.g., freestyle), and total number of jumps, can be

Effects of Physical Activity on Physical Fitness and Functional Ability in Older Adults.

A cross-sectional survey was done to investigate the pathways the physical activity acts in improving physical fitness and functional outcomes of older adults (60 years and above) using 880 community-dwelling older adults in Sri Lanka. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used. The final SEM model included five latent factors and 14 co-variances. Goodness of Fit Index (GFI), Comparative fit index (CFI) and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) values of the model were 0.95, 0.93, 0.91, and 0.05 respectively, indicating a good model fit. Strength enhances balance (β = .52, p < .01) and reduces the time required to complete physical functions (β = -.65, p < .01). Since strength declines with advancing age, muscle-strengthening activity programs should be promoted to enhance balance and functional performances in older adults in advanced ages. Strength test (hand grip and leg strength) can be used as a screening test to predict potential risk of falls and functional disabilities in older adults.

AN INVESTIGATION ON AGILITY COMPARISON AMONG STUDENTS IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

The aim of this study was to examine and compare the agility scores of two groups of students. Sample selection was performed using random sampling method. The Shuttle Run test was utilized as the data collection instrument in accordance with standard protocols. Shuttle Run test is widely recognized and valid measure of the agility that involves participants running back and forth between two points in a timed fashion. Following the data collection phase, a t-test was employed to analyze the results and determine if there was significant difference in agility scores between two groups of students. The study's findings revealed a statistically significant difference in the agility scores between two groups (p &lt; .001). Normality test was conducted to assess whether the data met the assumptions of normality. The results indicated that the data were normally distributed, thereby providing evidence of the study's reliability and validity. Findings suggest that students demonstrated superior agility skills compared to their counterparts. The results could inform educators &amp; policymakers in developing targeted interventions to enhance the agility skills of students for promoting better physical fitness and health outcomes.

Martial Arts and Cognitive Control in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Children Born Very Preterm: A Combined Analysis of Two Randomized Controlled Trials.

Very preterm birth and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with impairments in response inhibition that often persist beyond childhood. Athletes skilled in martial arts show a neurocognitive profile that is associated with an improved inhibition processing stream, suggesting that engagement in this kind of sport has the potential to reduce impairments in this cognitive function. We investigated the behavioral and neurocognitive effects of judo training on response inhibition in children born very preterm and children with ADHD by a combined analysis of two randomized controlled trials. In both the CHIPMANC ( n = 65) and JETPAC ( n = 63) studies, participants were randomly allocated to a waitlist or a 12-wk judo training program in a 1:1 ratio. At pretest and posttest, participants completed a Go/NoGo task, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 and a physical work capacity test on a bicycle ergometer. During the cognitive task, event-related potentials (N2, P3a, P3b) were recorded via electroencephalography. The effects of the judo training were moderated by the study group. In contrast to children with ADHD (JETPAC), judo training reduced the commission error rate on the Go/NoGo task and increased the P3a amplitude in children born very preterm (CHIPMANC). No treatment effects were found for N2, P3b and physical fitness outcomes. The neurodevelopmental condition influences the cognitive benefits of judo training. Whereas judo may be ineffective in children with ADHD, children born very preterm can expect improved response inhibition due to a more effective engagement of focal attention to resolve the task-related response conflict.