Physical Fitness In Patients Research Articles

The Effects of Aquatic Exercise and On-Land Exercise in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

1480 PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of aquatic exercise and on-land exercise on hemodynamic responses and physical fitness in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in KOREA. METHODS: Thirty patients with coronary artery disease, who had successful Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) and Stent Implantation three weeks ago, were participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to one of three groups, i.e., aquatic exercise group (AE, N = 10, 57.1 ± 4.0 yrs), on-land exercise group (OE, N = 10, 55.1 ± 5.0 yrs) and control group (CON, N = 10, 55.3 ± 5.8 yrs). All the subjects performed maximal exercise test and physical fitness testing; the treadmill test by Bruce protocol was used for hemodynamic responses. Physical fitness test were cardiopulmonary endurance (treadmill test: gas analysis), muscle strength (grip strength, back lift), muscle endurance (sit up), flexibility (trunk flexion), balance (standing on one foot with closed eyes). Those tests were repeated at an interval of three months. Subjects in the AE group completed the exercise training sessions, which consisted of endurance exercise performing for 30.60min/session, 3d/week at the intensity of RPE 11. Subjects in the OE group completed the exercise training sessions, which consisted of endurance exercise performing for 30.60min/session, 3d/week at the intensity of same energy expenditure(300Kcal) with AE. One-way ANOVA was used for data analysis setting the significance level at 0.05. RESULTS: Among those three groups, hemodynamic responses have been as follows: In AE group, resting rate pressure product was decreased significantly (10413.0 ± 2283.7 vs. 7315 ± 1318.7 bpm × mmHg, p < .05) compared to the CON. On the other hand, rest diastolic blood pressure was increased (69.0 ± 10.3 vs. 79.8 ± 8.9 mmHg, p < .05) in OE group and peak heart rate also was increased significantly (136.1 ± 20.1 vs. 149.6 ± 20.2 bpm, p < .05) in OE group compared to the CON. Even though no outstanding differences were showed in physical fitness all variables have been improved after three months of the AE and OE training. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the AE and OE are helpful to get affirmative progress in hemodynamic response and physical fitness. Accordingly, it is suggested that AE training be involved in cardiac rehabilitation program.

Robust Solution to Fuzzy Identification Problem with Uncertain Data by Regularization

This study considers the robust identification of the parameters describing a Sugeno type fuzzy inference system with uncertain data. The objective is to minimize the worst-case residual error using a numerically efficient algorithm. The Sugeno type fuzzy systems are linear in consequent parameters but nonlinear in antecedent parameters. The robust consequent parameters identification problem can be formulated as second-order cone programming problem. The optimal solution of this second-order cone problem can be interpreted as solution of a Tikhonov regularization problem with a special choice of regularization parameter which is optimal for robustness (Ghaoui and Lebret (1997). SAIM Journal of Matrix Analysis and Applications 18, 1035–1064). The final regularized nonlinear optimization problem allowing simultaneous identification of antecedent and consequent parameters is solved iteratively using a generalized Gauss–Newton like method. To illustrate the approach, several simulation studies on numerical examples including the modelling of a spectral data function (one-dimensional benchmark example) is provided. The proposed robust fuzzy identification scheme has been applied to approximate the physical fitness of patients with a fuzzy expert system. The identified fuzzy expert system is shown to be capable of capturing the decisions (experiences) of a medical expert.

Evaluation of physical fitness in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare functional capacity in 30 Type 2 Diabetic patients with 30 healthy non-diabetic control subjects. Methods: Physical fitness was evaluated using the “EUROFIT Physical Fitness Test Battery”. This battery estimates body composition, cardiopulmonary, musculoskeletal and motor fitness. Results: Percentage of body fat (PBF) was higher in the diabetic compared with control groups ( P<0.05) although body mass index (BMI) was similar. Biceps and suprailiac skinfold thickness were also greater in the diabetic group ( P<0.05). The 6-min walking distance and VO 2max were significantly lower in the diabetic group ( P<0.05). The diabetic patients had lower values of the single leg balance test with eyes opened and closed. Jump-stretch, handgrip and side-bending of trunk tests were also lower in the diabetic patients. Conclusion: Physical functional capacity is lower in Type 2 diabetic patients than in age-matched control subjects.

Disuse and deconditioning in chronic low back pain: concepts and hypotheses on contributing mechanisms

For years enhancement of a patient’s level of physical fitness has been an important goal in rehabilitation treatment in chronic low back pain (CLBP), based on the hypothesis that physical deconditioning contributes to the chronicity of low back pain. However, whether this hypothesis in CLBP holds is not clear. In this paper, possible mechanisms that contribute to the development of physical deconditioning in CLBP, such as avoidance behaviour and suppressive behaviour, are discussed. The presence of both deconditioning-related physiological changes, such as muscle atrophy, changes in metabolism, osteoporosis and obesity as well as deconditioning related functional changes, such as a decrease in cardiovascular capacity, a decrease in muscle strength and impaired motor control in patients with CLBP are discussed. Results of studies on the level of physical activities in daily life (PAL) and the level of physical fitness in patients with CLBP compared to healthy controls were reviewed. In studies on PAL results that were either lower or comparable to healthy subjects were found. The presence of disuse (i.e., a decrease in the level of physical activities in daily life) in patients with CLBP was not confirmed. The inconclusive findings in the papers reviewed may partly be explained by different measurement methods used in research on PAL in chronic pain. The level of physical fitness of CLBP patients also appeared to be lower or comparable to the fitness level of healthy persons. A discriminating factor between fit and unfit patients with back pain may be the fact that fit persons more frequently are still employed, and as such may be involved more in physical activity. Lastly some suggestions are made for further research in the field of disuse and deconditioning in CLBP.

Physical Fitness of Patients with Femoral Neck Fracture: The Results of Postoperative Enforced Exercise Testings

Physical Fitness of Patients with Femoral Neck Fracture: The Results of Postoperative Enforced Exercise Testings

The importance of adrenocortical glucocorticoids for adrenomedullary and physiological response to stress: a study in isolated glucocorticoid deficiency.

Glucocorticoids are required for the normal functioning of chromaffin cells and their capacity to produce epinephrine. This was modeled in a unique clinical syndrome of isolated glucocorticoid deficiency due to unresponsiveness to ACTH. The working hypotheses were that in patients with isolated glucocorticoid deficiency, adrenomedullary epinephrine would be suppressed despite replacement therapy; that norepinephrine might show a compensatory response; and that the physiological response to stress would reflect these changes. Toward these hypotheses, patients with ACTH unresponsiveness on glucocorticoid replacement were subjected to three levels of acute stress: assumption of upright posture, cold pressor, and exercise. Their catecholamine and physiological response were monitored. Patients with isolated glucocorticoid deficiency of this study had severe adrenomedullary dysfunction, characterized by a minimal resting production of epinephrine (6 +/- 2 pg/ml compared with 64 +/- 22 pg/ml of the controls) and a minimal response to stress. A slight compensatory increase of norepinephrine was found in response to cold pressor test (754 +/- 200 pg/ml compared with 431 +/- 73 pg/ml of the control). The physiological response is characterized by low systolic blood pressure and high pulse rate in rest and mild stress and in a pressor response to exercise (diastolic 87 +/- 5 mm Hg, compared with 73 +/- 2 mm Hg of the control). It is concluded that intra-adrenal glucocorticoids are essential for epinephrine secretion, that norepinephrine may be compensatory, and that these result in a distinct physiological response. The implications of the pressor response to exercise, the declining pulse pressure, and the increased pulse response insinuate a lower physical fitness in patients with adrenal insufficiency.

The Relationship of Hyperinsulinemic State to Left Ventricular Hypertrophy, Microalbuminuria, and Physical Fitness in Borderline and Mild Hypertension

The relationship of the hyperinsulinemic state to left ventricular hypertrophy, left ventricular geometric patterns, microalbuminuria, and physical fitness were studied in 52 middle-aged unmedicated men with borderline and mild hypertension. Left ventricular mass index and relative wall thickness were assessed by echocardiography. Physical fitness was determined by symptom-limited maximal treadmill stress testings. The urinary concentration of microalbumin and C-peptide was measured in 24-h urine samples by radioimmunoassey. The 24-h urinary C-peptide excretion rate was correlated with left ventricular mass index (r = 0.46), relative wall thickness (r = 0.41), treadmill time (r = −0.35), normalized treadmill time (r = −0.52), systolic blood pressure at peak exercise (r = 0.29), and 24-h urinary microalbumin excretion (r = 0.48). Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified the left ventricular mass index, the 24-h urinary albumin excretion, and the normalized treadmill time as variables in the equation for the 24-h urinary C-peptide excretion. Thus, the hyperinsulinemic state is related to left ventricular hypertrophy, microalbuminuria, and impaired physical fitness in patients with borderline and mild hypertension.

Leisure time activity and physical fitness in patients with epilepsy.

To assess social and physical activity by means of a controlled study based on a questionnaire and standardized clinical tests of physical fitness. In this controlled study, we assessed several issues of social and physical activity in 136 patients with epilepsy and 145 controls by using a questionnaire. In addition, we investigated physical fitness based on physical parameters such as body mass index and body composition and standardized tests of aerobic and muscle strength endurance and physical flexibility in 35 adult patients and 36 healthy controls. Leisure time habits both at home and outside the home were mainly similar except for visits of friends, which were significantly reduced in patients. Although the general attitude toward sports and physical activity was positive in both groups, and although controls judged sports to be dangerous significantly more often (p = 0.007), controls participated in regular sports significantly more frequently (p = 0.005). The clinical study demonstrated a lack of physical fitness, as suggested by the questionnaire data. Statistical analysis demonstrated significant differences of aerobic endurance (p < 0.001), muscle strength endurance (p < 0.001), and physical flexibility (p < 0.001) in favor of the control subjects. The body mass index was significantly higher in patients (p = 0.03), whereas the body composition revealed a higher body fat ratio only in female patients (p = 0.04). We conclude that patients with epilepsy suffer from a considerable lack of physical fitness that might have an important impact on their general health and quality of life. In addition to overprotection and reduced mobility, the questionnaire revealed insufficient knowledge among health professionals and sport instructors as a major factor contributing to these results.

Pressure support reduces inspiratory effort and dyspnea during exercise in chronic airflow obstruction.

Exercise training has been of limited success in patients with severe chronic airflow obstruction (CAO), in part because of the reduced ventilatory capacity and excessive dyspnea experienced. Pressure support (PS) is a new form of mechanical ventilation which can effectively assist ventilation when applied noninvasively to patients in acute respiratory failure. It was hypothesized that PS might also be used to improve exercise performance, and ultimately physical conditioning, in ambulatory patients with CAO undergoing exercise training. To begin to address this concept, the objectives of the present study were (1) to examine the feasibility of providing PS to exercising patients with CAO and (2) to determine its effects on breathing pattern, inspiratory effort, and dyspnea. Flow and volume, mouth, esophageal, and gastric pressure were measured in seven patients with severe CAO (mean FEV 1 =0.75±SEM 0.09 L) performing constant work-load bicycle exercise (33±6 watts) during control conditions and with the application of PS (approximately 10 cm H 2 O). PS increased minute ventilation as a result of changes in both tidal volume and respiratory rate. This occurred despite marked reductions in inspiratory effort, as indicated by the pressure-time integrals of esophageal (68±5% control, p<0.0005) and transdiaphragmatic pressure (52±8% control, p<0.0005). Using a S-point bidirectional scaIe to assess changes in dyspnea, breathlessness improved significantly with the addition of PS (2.3±0.6, p<0.05) and worsened to a similar degree when it was removed (2.1±0.5, p<0.05). In conclusion, PS was well tolerated in exercising patients with severe CAO and effectively assisted ventilation, reducing both inspiratory effort and dyspnea. These results indicate that further work is warranted to determine whether PS can facilitate exercise reconditioning and improve physical fitness in patients enrolled in an exercise training program

Physical fitness of patients with small cell lung cancer: Baracos VE, Urtasun RC, Humen DP, Haennel RG. Department of Animal Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. T6G 2P5. Clin J Sport Med 1994;4:223–227

Physical fitness of patients with small cell lung cancer: Baracos VE, Urtasun RC, Humen DP, Haennel RG. Department of Animal Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. T6G 2P5. Clin J Sport Med 1994;4:223–227

Physical Fitness of Patients with Small Cell Lung Cancer

Muscular strength, endurance and cardiovascular fitness were evaluated in a group of patients (n = 11) previously treated for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). All SCLC patients were in complete remission and were 6 weeks posttherapy. Their results were compared to an age- and sex-matched group of cardiac patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery (cardiac) 6–8 weeks prior, and a group of age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All subjects participated in a symptom-limited, graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer to determine peak aerobic power (VO2). Muscular strength and endurance of the upper and lower extremity were also assessed, with use of an Isokinetic dynamometer. Compared with both the healthy subjects and the cardiac patients, the SCLC patients demonstrated a significantly lower exercise tolerance time, maximal power output, and peak VO2 (p < 0.05). Isokinetic testing of the lower extremity revealed lower peak torque, average torque, and absolute work values for the SCLC patients. Upper body muscular endurance was also significantly reduced in the SCLC patients when compared with that for the healthy controls or the cardiac patients (p < 0.05). Current results suggest significantly diminished capacities in both the cardiorespiratory and muscular systems of SCLC patients who are 6 weeks posttherapy.

The physical fitness of patients undergoing elective surgery

The physical fitness of patients undergoing elective surgery

A comparison of maximal oxygen uptake by treadmill and step-test procedures.

ArticleA comparison of maximal oxygen uptake by treadmill and step-test procedures.F W Kasch, W H Phillips, W D Ross, J E Carter, and J L BoyerF W Kasch, W H Phillips, W D Ross, J E Carter, and J L BoyerPublished Online:01 Jul 1966https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1966.21.4.1387MoreSectionsPDF (432 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat "A comparison of maximal oxygen uptake by treadmill and step-test procedures.." Journal of Applied Physiology, 21(4), pp. 1387–1388 Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByA Generalized Equation for Prediction of VO2peak from a Step Test22 December 2020 | International Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 42, No. 09Physiological responses during paramedics’ simulated driving tasksWork, Vol. 66, No. 2Exploration of the health status of experienced New Brunswick paramedicsWork, Vol. 66, No. 2Reliability and Validity of the 6-Minute Step Test for Clinical Assessment of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in People at Risk of Cardiovascular DiseaseJournal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Vol. 34, No. 5Validation of Submaximal Step Tests and the 6-Min Walk Test for Predicting Maximal Oxygen Consumption in Young and Healthy Participants3 December 2019 | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 16, No. 23Prediction of maximal oxygen consumption using the Young Men’s Christian Association-step test in Korean adults8 March 2019 | European Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 119, No. 5Number of raised steps: A tool to assess brief and intense effort involving anaerobic metabolismAnnals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Vol. 61, No. 3Physical Activity and Fitness Outcomes of a Lifestyle Intervention for Primary Care Patients with Depression and Anxiety: a Randomised Controlled Trial5 July 2016 | International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, Vol. 15, No. 3Validation of a single-stage fixed-rate step test for the prediction of maximal oxygen uptake in healthy adults5 June 2015 | Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, Vol. 36, No. 5Incremental value of Veterans Specific Activity Questionnaire and the YMCA-step test for the assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness in population-based studies10 December 2015 | European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, Vol. 23, No. 11Validation of a brief step-test protocol for estimation of peak oxygen uptake29 April 2014 | European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, Vol. 22, No. 4Testing for Maximal Aerobic PowerValidity and reliability of the Siconolfi Step Test for assessment of physical fitness in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus1 January 2007 | Arthritis & Rheumatism, Vol. 57, No. 6Specificity of a Maximal Step Exercise TestMeasurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, Vol. 11, No. 3Aerobic capacity of young Mexican American adultsInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Vol. 35, No. 1Predicting Maximum Oxygen Uptake from a Modified 3-Minute Step TestResearch Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, Vol. 74, No. 1A Simple Method to Assess Postoperative RiskChest, Vol. 120, No. 4Recommending Exercise to Healthy Older Adults19 June 2015 | The Physician and Sportsmedicine, Vol. 27, No. 11Reliability and Validity Characteristics of Cardiorespiratory Responses on the StairMaster 4000PT®Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, Vol. 2, No. 2Comparison of stair‐step ergometry and walk/run trainingSports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation, Vol. 5, No. 2Estimation of Ventilatory Reserve by Stair ClimbingChest, Vol. 104, No. 5Step ergometry: is it task-specific training?European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, Vol. 63, No. 3-4The Relation between Aerobic Fitness and Serum Cholesterol Levels in a Large Employed Population25 August 2016 | American Journal of Health Promotion, Vol. 6, No. 1Hemoglobin concentration and working capacity of nonpregnant rural women of the Kathmandu valley of NepalAmerican Journal of Human Biology, Vol. 3, No. 4Television Viewing and Physical Fitness in AdultsResearch Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, Vol. 61, No. 4Cardiovascular Fitness and Absenteeism in 8,301 Employed Adults25 August 2016 | American Journal of Health Promotion, Vol. 5, No. 2Treadmill vs Steptreadmill Ergometry12 July 2016 | The Physician and Sportsmedicine, Vol. 18, No. 1Energy cost of walking with flat feetProsthetics & Orthotics International, Vol. 12, No. 2Physical Fitness of Mentally Retarded IndividualsExercise TestingMaximum oxygen uptake utilising different treadmill protocols.British Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 18, No. 2A comparison of various methods for the determination of VO2maxEuropean Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, Vol. 45, No. 2-3Specificity of maximal aerobic powerEuropean Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, Vol. 40, No. 2Task Specific Changes in Maximal Oxygen Uptake Resulting from Arm versus Leg Training1 May 2007 | Ergonomics, Vol. 21, No. 1Quantification of exercise capability and evaluation of physical capacity in manProgress in Cardiovascular Diseases, Vol. 19, No. 1Comparison of Grade-Incremented versus Speed-Incremented Maximal Exercise Tests in Trained MenBritish Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 9, No. 4Structural and Functional Assessments on a Champion Runner—Peter Snell17 March 2013 | Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, Vol. 38, No. 3 More from this issue > Volume 21Issue 4July 1966Pages 1387-8 https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1966.21.4.1387PubMed5916681History Published online 1 July 1966 Published in print 1 July 1966 Metrics

Relationships of vital capacity and ventilatory measurements to physical fitness in patients with cardio-respiratory diseases.

SummarySimultaneous analyses of various ventilatory measurements in 44 randomly selected patients with cardio-respiratory diseases have been assembled. A significant relationship was found between the physical fitness index and the percentage ratio of the observed to predicted vital capacity. The limitations of this relationship, as well as other relationships of physical fitness score to various ventilatory measurements, are discussed.

Relationships of Availability of Oxygen to Physical Fitness in Patients with Cardio-respiratory Diseases.

SummarySignificant correlations were obtained in patients with diverse cardio-respiratory diseases, and varying disability, between the oxygen gradient of the lungs, the oxygen tension of the peripheral tissues during rest, and the physical fitness index of exercise tolerance. Working capacity is proportional to the availability of oxygen to the tissues, and the limiting factor is circulatory in nature.