Physical Environmental Conditions Research Articles

Analysis of Mangrove Vegetation in Mesjid Raya Sub-District, Aceh Besar District

Mangrove ecosystems, characterized by their unique adaptation to intertidal zones along coastlines and river estuaries, play a crucial role in coastal ecology. This study investigated the composition and diversity of mangrove vegetation in Mesjid Raya District, Aceh Besar Regency. Employing a quantitative approach with purposive sampling, nine plots measuring 10x10 meters were established across three stations with varying physical environmental conditions, totaling 90 plots. Vegetation analysis revealed the presence of nine mangrove species belonging to five families. The Shannon diversity index (Ĥ) indicated a low level of species diversity within the studied mangrove communities.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Upaya Pencegahan Vektor Penyakit Melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Karbol Serai di Palangka Raya

Vector-borne diseases are influenced by physical, biological, and socio-cultural environmental conditions. Residents of Pahandut Village were chosen as the subjects of service because part of Pahandut Village is located on the edge of the Kahayan River. Therefore, a lot of rubbish carried by the river flows under people's stilt houses and becomes a habitat for mosquitoes, flies, and cockroaches which can transmit diseases to people. Disease vectors can be prevented by keeping the floors of the house clean by using natural ingredients such as lemongrass. Community service activities are expected to increase public knowledge regarding diseases caused by zoonotic vectors, recognize disease-causing insects in the environment, prevent disease vectors, and skills in making lemongrass carbol. Community service participants' knowledge increased as shown by the evaluation of pre-test and post-test scores. Community service participants were 15 people from the Pahandut sub-district with a pre-test average of 36% and a post-test average of 100%. A comparison of the pre-test and post-test scores shows that there is an increase in knowledge after the service activities are carried out. In conclusion, education about preventing disease vectors and the practical production of lemongrass carbole can increase community knowledge and skills in preventing disease vectors.

Agroforestry Model in Leimea Sorin Village, Emerera District, Timor Leste

Agroforestry is an optimal and sustainable management of land use, by combining forestry and agricultural activities on the same land management unit by taking into account physical, social and economic environmental conditions. The purpose of this study is to calculate the value of farmers' income from the results of the agroforestry model, and the best feasibility analysis on consideration of three factors, namely economic, social and ecological. This research was carried out in the village of Leimea Sorin, Ermera District, Timor Leste in March-May 2021 using qualitative and quantitative methods. The data used in this study are data obtained directly from agroforestry farmers in the Ermera district of Timor Leste by means of interviews with the help of a questionnaire. Economic data analysis using three criteria NPV, BCR and IRR, and social and ecological analysis using qualitative descriptive. The results of the financial analysis show that the NPV is $ 220,184.66, the BCR is 28.7 and the IRR is 35%. The results of the social analysis show that the social aspect in the application of agroforestry in the village of Leimea Sorin Balu is the local community of the Kemak ethnic group of agricultural crops as their daily livelihood such as vanilla, coffee, teak, and others. And the ecological aspect is the results of the study show that the agroforestry model in the village of Leimea Sorin is an agroforestry system that has polycultural properties, and provides various benefits for the community compared to non-agroforestry systems.

Gambaran Workplace Well-being pada Karyawan yang Bekerja di PT X Bekasi

Human resources in a company are valuable assets because they actively contribute to the formulation and resolution of strategic issues and oversee the achievement of organisational goals. The company's human resource management must take into account the well-being of its employees. Companies that do not have optimal performance will not be able to operate effectively and efficiently. Workplace well-being is an important component that can enhance an organisation's ability to operate effectively. The work environment plays an important role in determining the well-being of employees. Factors such as the physical condition of the work environment, organisational culture, management and colleagues, and the ability to achieve a work-life balance all influence employee well-being. The concept of well-being at work refers to how employees feel about their well-being, which is the result of several characteristics of the work and office environment that cause several factors to emerge, such as safety, comfort and employee satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to determine PT X description of workplace wellbeing. This research uses quantitative methods, with 131 employees as participants. The findings showed that the workplace well-being of PT X employees was moderate (54.96%) with the highest dimension being employer care (M=4.12). Based on the findings from the study, there is no significant difference in workplace well-being based on factors such as gender, age, education level, or tenure.

Climate driven response of the Iceland‐East Greenland‐Jan Mayen capelin distribution

AbstractClimate change is altering the distribution of marine organisms worldwide. This may, in turn, affect the overall structure and functioning of ecosystems, sometimes leading to low productive regimes. Pronounced shifts in distribution and migration have been observed for capelin (Mallotus villosus), one of the ecologically and commercially important species in the Arctic. This study attempts to discern whether a relationship existed between the altered capelin dynamics and the changing physical environmental conditions in the Iceland‐East Greenland‐Jan Mayen region. More specifically, three species distribution models were used to predict hindcasts (pre‐shift years 1993–2002) and nowcasts (post‐shift years 2003–2019) of capelin distribution based on relationships with temperature, salinity, current speed, net primary productivity, and bathymetry. The predicted probability of occurrence over these two time periods demonstrates that the changing environmental conditions have contributed to the modified distribution of the stock during its late feeding season in autumn and during the onset of spawning season in winter. The multi‐model approach used in this study has provided a solid statistical framework to describe the environmental niche of capelin and its potential responses to changing ocean climate.

Night-time sleep of intensive care patients: A qualitative study.

The quality of the sleep in the intensive care unit (ICU) is generally poor. It is known that several factors contribute to this situation. To describe the experiences of adult patients during night-time sleep in the ICU. A qualitative study using a phenomenological approach was conducted from May to October 2021. Patients were intensive care patients (n = 10) who were treated for at least 24 h in tertiary ICUs. The data were obtained through semi-structured interviews based on an interview guide. A qualitative content analysis using an inductive approach was performed. The analysis resulted in three main themes: (a) inadequate sleep at night; (b) factors negatively affecting night-time sleep; and (c) patient expectations for improved night-time sleep. Night-time sleep of patients treated in intensive care were determined to generally have inadequate and be interrupted. Patients associated the cause of this situation with the physical environment conditions in the ICU, loud noises made by health employees and emotional reactions. It was stated that some physical environment changes that can be made in ICUs and psychological support will positively affect sleep. Intensive care patients may not have quality night-time sleep because of multifactorial reasons. Noise in the ICU is a significant factor preventing patients from sleeping. In addition to reorganization of the physical environment to ensure adequate sleep, there is a need for an integrated approach dealing with patients' feelings and concerns. Each patient has their own unique sleep pattern. To ensure effective management of sleep problems, health professionals should organize care and physical conditions in line with guidelines and create patient-specific night-time sleep management programmes.

Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga Kesehatan (Pjok): Bagaimanakah Tingkat Motivasi Belajar Siswa

The purpose of this research is to see the level of student learning motivation in class VIII PJOK learning at SMP Negeri 4 Siak Hulu. Based on the results of observations of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 4 Siak Hulu, it was found that there was a lack of student enthusiasm in participating in physical activities and sports in PJOK learning. teachers in motivating students or providing positive encouragement related to PJOK learning, The presence of students with low levels of motivation can be an indicator of problems that need to be addressed, Physical environmental conditions, such as inadequate sports facilities, may influence the level of student motivation to learn, and Low level of awareness students about the importance of a healthy lifestyle and physical fitness can be a problem, resulting in a lack of motivation to participate in PJOK activities. The test used in this research used a questionnaire or questionnaire with a Likert scale. The sample in this study was 130 class VIII students at SMP Negeri 4 Siak Hulu. From the results found in the field regarding the level of student learning motivation in class VIII PJOK learning, the result was 59.73% classified as "Enough" with a percentage between 40% - 60%.

Variability in oceanographic conditions affecting Mesophotic Ecosystems along the South Eastern Pacific: Latitudinal trends and potential for climate refugia

Oceans have been changing at the fastest pace since the beginning of the Holocene. The South Eastern Pacific (SEP), including the Humboldt Upwelling Ecosystem (HUE) is subject to changes in upwelling winds, temperature, El Niño, and the ever-increasing local anthropogenic stressors, all of which have been documented for surface coastal waters where in-situ and remote observations are readily available. Temporal and spatial changes in the adjacent deeper waters where diverse Mesophotic Ecosystems are found have been scarcely documented. These marine ecosystems have been the focus of ecological studies for less than two decades. Here we provide an overview of the thermal variability at mesophotic depths and assess their potential as climatic refugia along all SEP ecoregions. We analyzed a time series of temperature and salinity from a 19 yr reanalysis based on remote and in-situ observations (CTD, ARGO, XBTs, moorings) to quantify variability in the Tropical (0–5°S), Northern Warm Temperate (5–30°S); Southern Warm Temperate (30–39.5°S) and Magellanic subregions (39.5–45°S), at two mesophotic depth strata (50 and 100 m), and a reference surface (5 m) depth. We assessed variability in the seasonal, interannual (El Niño) and ‘long-term’ (ca. 20 yr) scales, and the relationship with wind velocities. The thermal depth gradient between surface and mesophotic depths did not change smoothly with latitude but peaked within the northern portion of the warm temperate subregion, decreasing towards lower and higher latitudes. Seasonal variation in temperature was also largest in the north and south temperate subregions and minimal in the Magellanic subregion. Depth dampening of seasonal temperature variation was also strengthened at intermediate latitudes and much reduced in the tropics, where seasonal variation at mesophotic depths was similar to that at the surface. The strong interannual El Niño events were identified at all depths in tropical and temperate subregions, with stronger standardized effects at mesophotic layers than at the surface. Long-term (ca. two decades) temperature trends were significant and changed direction from warming to cooling along the SEP but were generally patchier at mesophotic layers. Spatial temperature gradients have remained relatively stable over the past two decades and were stronger at the surface than at mesophotic depths, and stronger within the tropics than in all other subregions. Surprisingly, the velocity of climate change was patchier and generally faster at mesophotic layers than at the surface. We conclude that, judging solely by physical environmental conditions, mesophotic ecosystems may be used by species with very different temperature affinities in temperate subregions, while in the tropics, more overlap in temperature affinities of component species may be found. Importantly, while the seasonal amplitude is reduced at mesophotic depth in most subregions, except the tropics, interannual disturbances affect mesophotic depths at least as strongly as they do surface waters and climate change velocities are faster at mesophotic depths than at surface. Thus, these ecosystems are not sheltered from inter-annual and longer-term forcing and their biotas might be more vulnerable to climate change than shallow coastal ecosystems.

Seasonal and anthropogenic influences on bacterioplankton communities: ecological impacts in the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao, Northern China.

Marine bacterioplankton play a crucial role in the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in coastal waters. And the impact of environmental factors on bacterial community structure and ecological functions is a dynamic ongoing process. To systematically assess the relationship between environmental changes and bacterioplankton communities, this study delved into the spatiotemporal distribution and predicted metabolic characteristics of bacterioplankton communities at two estuarine beaches in Northern China. Coastal water samples were collected regularly in spring, summer, and autumn, and were analyzed in combination with environmental parameters and bacterioplankton community. Results indicated significant seasonal variations in bacterioplankton communities as Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were enriched in spring, Cyanobacteria proliferated in summer. While Pseudomonadota and microorganisms associated with organic matter decomposition prevailed in autumn, closely linked to seasonal variation of temperature, light and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Particularly in summer, increased tourism activities and riverine inputs significantly raised nutrient levels, promoting the proliferation of specific photosynthetic microorganisms, potentially linked to the occurrence of phytoplankton blooms. Spearman correlation analysis further revealed significant correlations between bacterioplankton communities and environmental factors such as salinity, chlorophyll a, and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP). Additionally, the metabolic features of the spring bacterioplankton community were primarily characterized by enhanced activities in the prokaryotic carbon fixation pathways, reflecting rapid adaptation to increased light and temperature, as well as significant contributions to primary productivity. In summer, the bacterial communities were involved in enhanced glycolysis and biosynthetic pathways, reflecting high energy metabolism and responses to increased light and biomass. In autumn, microorganisms adapted to the accelerated decomposition of organic matter and the seasonal changes in environmental conditions through enhanced amino acid metabolism and material cycling pathways. These findings demonstrate that seasonal changes and human activities significantly influence the structure and function of bacterioplankton communities by altering nutrient dynamics and physical environmental conditions. This study provides important scientific insights into the marine biological responses under global change.

The composite drought index incorporated solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence enhances the monitoring capability of short-term drought

Understanding the response of vegetation to drought is significant for socio-economic development and biodiversity conservation. However, due to the complexity of drought, relying only on one approach, such as the surrounding physical environmental conditions or specific vegetation characteristics, does not yield precise results. To address this challenge, composite drought indices incorporating Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and other multiple variables, have been developed and shown promising effectiveness in drought detection. Compared to NDVI, solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) decreases due to the increased non-photochemical quenching and reduced photosynthesis during short-term drought stress. This indicates a direct association between SIF and vegetation photosynthesis, offering advantages over NDVI in capturing drought effects. Nevertheless, SIF has not yet been fully integrated into composite drought indices. Therefore, this study focused on assessing the advantages of SIF for short-term drought monitoring by constructing a new composite drought index (CPDI) using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method. Subsequently, CPDI was employed to forecast future drought conditions. Overall, CPDI performs exceptionally well as a composite drought index in drought trend analysis and drought event identification, indeed advancing the monitoring capability for short-term drought. Furthermore, the incorporation of SIF in CPDI, obtained from various data sources provides more timely monitoring of drought events, while the CPDI with NDVI reflects the cumulative effect of drought conditions over a longer period. In the future, it is potential to utilize the benefits of SIF in constructing drought indices or combine it with NDVI for comprehensive drought characterization.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PHYSICAL CONDITION OF THE HOME ENVIRONMENT AND HISTORY OF DISEASE WITH THE INCIDENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS IN THE WORKING AREA OF THE RANGKASBITUNG HEALTH CENTER IN 2023

This study aims to determine the relationship between the physical condition of the home environment and history of disease with the incidence of tuberculosis or pulmonary tuberculosis in the work area of the Rangkasbitung Health Center in 2023. This study is a descriptive correlation study with cross sectional design, which is research that explores the relationship between the physical condition of the house and the behavior of residents towards the incidence of tuberculosis. The type of data used is primary data, from the results of questionnaires and secondary data obtained from recording and reporting TB patient visit data at the Rangkasbitung Health Center. Data analysis in the study, using univariate analysis with positive TB incidence results (69.2%); Bivariate analysis showed a relationship between home air circulation and the incidence of tuberculosis (P<0.028), occupancy density (P<0.011), lighting (P<0.015), humidity (P<0.020), education (P<0.002), employment (P<0.006), and smoking (P<0.009); and humidity factor being the dominant factor with the largest OR (OR=28.579). The results of the cross-sectional test in the study, showed a significant relationship between the physical condition of the home environment and the history of disease with the incidence of tuberculosis in the work area of the Rangkasbitung Health Center. Suggestions in this study are the need for education related to environmental factors and behaviors that cause tuberculosis, such as counseling about healthy homes with qualified ventilation, good lighting, good humidity, occupancy in an adequate place, and reducing cigarette use habits. Other factors that need to be improved, in order to support the reduction in TB prevalence rates, namely education and employment factors. Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis must also be given understanding, related must always be tried to be in a place that has adequate air ventilation and good humidity, in order to reduce the risk of the severity of TB disease which can lead to death or the duration of the treatment process.

SOCIAL PRACTICES IN WATER USE DRIVE VULNERABILITY IN FOREST EDGE VILLAGE COMMUNITIES IN SUMEDANG REGENCY

This research focuses on social practices of water resource use in forest fringe communities. The existence of human water needs interacts with and forms patterns of relationships, with human water forming social institutions and social institutions, and the existence of social practices that abundant water encourages social change in communities facing scarcity. Old knowledge that is maintained and the assumption that water will never run out is seen in water use habits and ignoring water conservation practices. Potentially causing water vulnerability, especially in families working as farmers and families who do not have water reservoirs. The theory used looks at the social practices of Antony Giddens. The qualitative approach with the PRA method, with observation, interview, mapping, and FGD techniques, helps map practices in water use, and then the qualitative analysis is carried out. The results of this study show that there are water groups in hamlet areas that maintain old management practices, where group members who contribute early to finding springs have “patent” rights to obtain water while living in the area. However, this right has yet to adapt to changes in physical environmental conditions, such as reduced forest land cover and changes in the social environment where the village population continues to grow. While the rules made by the “patent” group give dominance to members materially, therefore individual practice still views that abundant water will not run out, so water use tends to be wasteful. Then, the practice of agents perpetuates or maintains a habit, which means that not much effort has been made by the community to carry out preventive practices to protect water resources, as seen from the Competence, namely knowledge and skills of water use are still simple and do not have the Competence to prevent vulnerability risks caused by the water crisis. So, it has the potential to face vulnerability, especially in families that do not have large-capacity shelters and farmer groups that rely on agricultural products. Agents as transformative actors, their practices passive, recursive, and discursive practices continue to be reproduced, maintaining old patterns.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SANITARY HYGIENE AND PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS WITH COCKROACH DENSITY IN THE CANTEEN OF SRIWIJAYA UNIVERSITY INDRALAYA CAMPUS IN 2024

The canteen is one of the strategic places in the spread of diseases carried by vectors and disease-carrying animals such as cockroaches. The spread of disease in the canteen is also influenced by environmental sanitation hygiene. A dirty and humid environment is a good breeding ground for cockroaches. The government has established a policy to reduce the vector population to minimize the risk of impact due to the disease it causes. Research to determine the relationship between sanitary hygiene and physical environmental conditions with cockroach density in the canteen of Sriwijaya University Indralaya campus was conducted. The study was an observational analytic study using a cross sectional study design. A total of 50 canteens on campus were used as samples and were total sampling. Data on sanitary hygiene standards were collected from observational sheets and measurements of physical environmental conditions were made using a hygro thermometer, while cockroach density was measured based on the sticky trap method. Data were analyzed univariately and bivariately using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that of the 50 canteens sampled, 6 canteens were classified as canteens with sanitary hygiene that did not meet the Permenkes requirements. This is indicated by the high cockroach density with a p-value of 0.000 <0.05. This means that sanitary hygiene significantly affects cockroach density. It was concluded that the most cockroaches were found in canteens with poor lighting conditions, low room temperature, and high room humidity. Sequential p-values of 0.000; 0.002; 0.002 for the 3 observed variables indicate a poor environment affects cockroach breeding, while a p-value <0.05 is interpreted as a significant relationship between physical environmental conditions and cockroach density.

Antarctic station Vostok as an analogue of a future lunar base: physiological reactions of the human cardiorespiratory system during a year-long exposure to the conditions of hypobaric hypoxia, isolation and hypokinesia

A number of physiological investigations focused on human cardiorespiratory system have been conducted at Vostok station in Central Antarctica during the wintering of 2019.During the one-year expedition at the Vostok station, the cardiorespiratory system gradually adapted to the unusual conditions of life and work in the isolated, confined and extreme (ICE) environment of Central Antarctica.We hypothesized that during a long stay in the conditions of the Central Antarctica the adaptation strategy to physical environmental conditions for representatives of two age groups will differ, which will be evident from the dynamics of indicators of the functioning of the cardiovascular system and when assessing the autonomic nervous system status.The level of blood oxygen saturation stabilized by the second month and was in the range of 86.0-91.0%, which corresponded to a reduced partial pressure of oxygen in the inhaled air. In terms of the respiratory system, central sleep apnea was noted in all subjects throughout the study. Quantitative analysis revealed that the average number of apneas per hour was 43, and their average duration was 25.2 seconds. The maximum apnea number was recorded at the beginning and middle of wintering, while before the end of the expedition the episodes became rarer. In all age groups there was a shortening of the PQ interval, with a tendency towards normalization by the end of wintering, while in the first age group the shortening of the interval was more significant than in the second, which apparently can be explained by a more pronounced active reaction of the sympathetic nervous system of polar explorers of the first age group.Adaptive Potential Index (API) level remained practically unchanged throughout the wintering period in 9 out of 11 members of the expedition. The API value was predominantly in the range from 2.11 to 3.20 points, which corresponds to the level of “adaptation stress”. The autonomous nervous system (ANS) status was assessed by Kerdo Index (KI) values. KI positive dynamic was noted in 90% of cases by the 5th month of wintering. A direct correlation was found between the degree of positive shift in the KI value and the age of the participant. The gained results do not allow us to state that ANS has fully adapted to the conditions of life and work at the station. The results of this investigation demonstrate stable and positive adaptation trend to the ICE environment of Central Antarctica throughout the study period, regardless of age and wintering experience.

Physical-Environmental Characterization of Areas for the Cultivation of Guaraná (Paullinia cupana) in Bahia, Brazil

Brazil is the world's leading producer of guarana and Bahia is the largest producing state, which suggests the need for cultivation planning. In this study, the physical-environmental factors of six municipalities in Lower Southern Bahia, Brazil were characterized to identify favorable areas for guarana cultivation. A database with the basic physical-environmental conditions was used to characterize and identify such areas. As described in the literature, the thresholds of conditioning factors for successful cultivation were selected using Structured Query Language (SQL) based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS), with logical operators and overlay tools. The factors considered in the analysis were soils (drainage and texture), climate (precipitation and temperature), and topography (slope). The results indicate the existence of favorable areas for guarana cultivation in Lower Southern Bahia, Brazil, which can significantly contribute to the planning and optimization of fruit cultivation in the region. A total of 23,489.7 hectares were considered favorable areas for guarana cultivation. This value is double the area allocated for cultivation in Brazil and more than four times the area allocated for harvesting in Bahia.

Parameterizing Raindrop Formation Using Machine Learning

Abstract Raindrop formation processes in warm clouds mainly consist of condensation and collision–coalescence of small cloud droplets. Once raindrops form, they can continue growing through collection of cloud droplets and self-collection. In this study, we develop novel emulators to represent raindrop formation as a function of various physical or background environmental conditions by using a sophisticated aerosol–cloud model containing 300 droplet size bins and machine learning methods. The emulators are then implemented in two microphysics schemes in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model and tested in two idealized cases. The simulations of shallow convection with the emulators show a clear enhancement of raindrop formation compared to the original simulations, regardless of the scheme in which they were embedded. On the other hand, the simulations of deep convection show a more complex response to the implementation of the emulators, in terms of the changes in the amount of rainfall, due to the larger number of microphysical processes involved in the cloud system (i.e., ice-phase processes). Our results suggest the potential of emulators to replace the conventional parameterizations, which may allow us to improve the representation of physical processes at an affordable computational expense. Significance Statement Formation of raindrops marks a critical stage in cloud evolution. Accurate representations of raindrop formation processes require detailed calculations of cloud droplet growth processes. These calculations are often not affordable in weather and climate models as they are computationally expensive due to their complex dependence on cloud droplet size distributions and dynamical conditions. As a result, simplified parameterizations are more frequently used. In our study we trained machine learning models to learn raindrop formation rates from detailed calculations of cloud droplet evolutions in 1000 parcel-model simulations. The implementation of the developed models or the emulators in a weather forecasting model shows a change in the total rainfall and cloud characteristics, indicating the potential improvement of cloud representations in models if these emulators replace the conventional parameterizations.

5-Year-Old Children Performing Piaget’s Liquid Conservation Tasks Demonstrated in Physical and Digital Environment

This study investigates the understanding of Piaget's concept of liquid conservation in 5-year-old children, comparing physical and digital environments of executing conservation tasks. Involving 86 participants (equal gender representation), it employs an Android tablet to demonstrate the pouring of water between glasses with animated images in a digital environment condition and real glasses (one short-wide and one long-narrow) filled with water for the physical environment condition. Each child completed four distinct conservation tasks, each one 3 times, designed to parallel each other in both environments. Two of the tasks concerned the general concept of conservation, and the other two were either about identity or compensation or reversibility concepts. The study aims to determine whether digital environments can be as effective as physical ones in teaching fundamental conservation concepts, exploring the impact of emerging digital learning tools versus traditional methods. Another objective of this study is to find associations between the general concept of conservation and the three other concepts: identity, compensation, and reversibility. This research contributes to the understanding of cognitive development in children and the efficacy of digital versus physical learning aids by verifying that children perceive physical and virtual learning with the same effectiveness.

Protocol for an observational study of working conditions and musculoskeletal health in Swedish online retail warehousing from the perspective of sex/gender and place of birth.

European and International sustainable development agendas aim to reduce inequalities in working conditions and work-related health, yet disparate occupational health outcomes are evident between both men and women and domestic- and foreign-born workers. In Sweden, major growth in online retail warehousing has increased occupational opportunities for foreign-born workers. The rapid change has left research lagging on working conditions, i.e., employment conditions, facility design, work organisation, physical and psychosocial work environment conditions, and their effects on worker health. Further, no known studies have considered patterns of inequality related to these factors. The overall aim of this study is to describe working conditions and musculoskeletal health in online retail warehousing, determine the extent to which differences exist related to sex/gender and place of birth (as a proxy for race/ethnicity), and examine factors at the organisational and individual levels to understand why any differences exist. Three online retail warehouses, each employing 50-150 operations workers performing receiving, order picking, order packing and dispatching tasks will be recruited. Warehouses will, to the extent possible, differ in their extent of digital technology use. Employment conditions, facility design (including digital tool use), work organisation, physical and psychosocial work environment conditions and worker health will be assessed by survey, interview and technical measurements. Analysis of quantitative data stratified by sex and place of birth will consider the extent to which inequalities exist. Focus group interviews with operations employees and in-depth interviews with managers, union and health and safety representatives will be conducted to assess how employee working conditions and musculoskeletal health are related to inequality regimes of sex/gender and/or race/ethnicity in organisational processes and practices in online retail warehousing. The study is pre-registered with the Open Science Framework. This study will describe working conditions and health in online retail warehouse workers and consider the extent to which patterns of inequality exist based on sex/gender and place of birth.

POTENTIAL HAZARDS AND RISK FACTORS OF THE WORK ENVIRONMENT IN THE FOUNDRY INDUSTRY X

Background: Workers have a risk of work accidents and Occupational Diseases (PAK) caused by the work process, behavior at work, and the work environment. Identification of potential hazards and risk assessment is the first step to find hazards in the workplace and then carry out control measures to create a safe and healthy workplace.
 Objective: Knowing potential hazards, environmental risk values, and physical working conditions in the Metal Casting Industry of X.
 Method: The method used in this study is a descriptive survey. The number of samples in this study were 36 workers. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation activities using sheetsJob Safety Analysis (JSA) and risk assessment sheets, interviews using interview guides, and measurements of physical working conditions usingenvironment meter. The data analysis carried out is descriptive analysis which provides an overview of potential hazards and environmental risk values.
 Results: Overall there are 54 potential hazards in the production process at CV Dwi Jaya Logam which consist of a wet mold making process, there are 12 potential hazards, dry mold making CO method2 there are 10 potential hazards, metal smelting has 20 potential hazards, pouring molten metal into the mold has 6 potential hazards, and disassembling the mold has 6 potential hazards. There are 28 potential hazards in the production process at CV Mulya Jaya consisting of grinding there are 6 potential hazards, cutting iron using a saw machine there are 2 potential hazards, drilling there are 6 potential hazards, turning there are 4 potential hazards, making holes using machinesscrap there are 3 potential hazards, the formation of workpieces using machinesmilling there are 2 potential hazards, welding has 3 potential hazards, and product painting has 2 potential hazards. Overall, the physical working environment conditions in the form of temperature and lighting at CV Dwi Jaya Logam and CV Mulya Jaya did not meet the requirements, while the results of noise measurements at the two locations met the requirements.
 Conclusion: Potential hazards found in the metal casting industry CV Dwi Jaya Logam, namely 54 potential hazards which are divided into 2 levels of risklow, 10 levels of riskmoderate, 30 levels of risk high, and 12 levels of riskextreme. CV Mulya Jaya Metal casting industry identified 28 potential hazards divided into 4 risk levelslow, 4 levels of riskmoderate, 12 levels of risk high, and 8 levels of riskextreme. These potential hazards come from the physical work environment (temperature, lighting, and noise) and the production process at each work step. The results of measurements of the physical working environment in the form of temperature do not meet the requirements according to the Regulation of the Minister of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia No. 5 of 2018, the average lighting measurement results are also . do not meet the requirements according to Regulation of the Minister of Health No. 70 of 2016, and the average noise measurement results meet the requirements according to the Indonesian Minister of Manpower Regulation No. 5 of 2018.

The role of acid-base balance in the training of athletes

The article raises the importance of studying the biochemistry of sports in the formation of the professional competences of sports coaches, acquiring the knowledge they will need when training athletes, making corrections in the educational and training process. Knowing how to carry out biochemical control in the training of athletes plays an important role. There is acid-alkaline balance, blood pH one of the informative objective indicators. The pH level is a direct indicator of the body's response to exercise. Establishing correlations between pH and biochemical blood parameters makes it possible to balance the educational and training process.
 A shift in the body's pH to an acidic side indicates that the athlete is unable to perform physical activities at the proper level. There is a correlation between performance in competitions and an athlete's blood pH. Indicators of the acid-alkaline balance make it possible to adjust the diet, normalize the pH of the body by other means, and, if necessary, eliminate stressful situations.
 To alkalize the human body, taking into account the results of research, it is necessary to consume alkaline food, drink a sufficient amount of water, as well as mineralized water, taking into account the performance of physical activities and environmental conditions.
 Coaches need to pay more attention to passing biochemical control, in particular, testing the pH of athletes' bodies during the training and competition period. This will make it possible to avoid mistakes when planning the educational and training process, not to harm the health of athletes and more effectively prepare them for competitive activities, as well as to form eating habits of athletes to ensure acid-alkaline balance in the body.