Department Of Physical Education Research Articles

The Effectiveness of a Psychological Counseling Program on Developing Future Optimism among Students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Zakho University

The Effectiveness of a Psychological Counseling Program on Developing Future Optimism among Students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Zakho University

발달장애 대학생의 장애무용 수업 실천적 지식 형성 과정에 관한 자문화기술지

Objectives The purpose of this study is to explores the process of forming practical knowledge in dance classes for college students with developmental disabilities, using autoethnography. Methods Data were collected during the dance classes taught in the Department of Special Physical Education at University A from September 2018 to December 2019 and from March 2021 to June 2023. The collected data include self-reflective materials, class logs, field files, and cultural artifacts. The data were analyzed using emotion coding, contrast coding, and evaluation coding, and were described using confessional and emotive writing. Results Educational environment knowledge was formed through the process of addressing questions that emerged between the conflicts of “New Challenges: What Should Be Taught?” and “Research vs. Educational Field.” The curriculum and course content were shaped through the interaction of dance education, college students with deveopmental disabilities, and university education. This was categorized under “Creating My Identity in University Dance for Students with Disabilities: How Should It Be Taught?:” and further subdivided into “Reconsidering Traditional Dance Education Methods: Completing to the End,” “Thoughtful Movement,” “Making story”, and “The Instructor as a Discoverer.” Conclusions The instructor's reflection and introspection on education, as well as their belief in their own teaching, serve as the driving force for their growth. Practical knowledge is not static; it changes organically through the interaction between the instructor, the students, and the educational environment. As the agent of this change, the educator must explore new educational challenges and opportunities, using them to improve and transform their teaching.

Contribution of professor Oleg N. Trofimov to the concept of physical education development in the pharmaceutical education system

The biographical sketch is dedicated to Professor Oleg Nikolaevich Trofimov (1927–2013), PhD in Pedagogic Sciences, who headed the Department of Physical Education at the Leningrad Institute Chemical Pharmaceuticals from 1973 to 1995. The main stages of O. N. Trofimov’s professional activity corresponded to the general context of the development of priority areas of physical education in the system of secondary and higher education. O. N. Trofimov skillfully combined managerial activities with research and educational-methodological work. He made a significant contribution to the development of the health-improving direction of physical education at the university, to the organization and conduct of research aimed at solving the problems of improving health and increasing the physical fitness of students. The scientific activity of O. N. Trofimov was devoted to the theory and methods of physical education, issues of physical development, the development of comprehensive training programs in vocational-applied physical training and additional public specialty within the framework of the Faculty of Public Professions. The results of the research carried out at the department were widely introduced into the educational process of physical education and served as the basis for the development of innovative technologies for constructing the educational process in the discipline “Elective physical culture: recreational physical education”, as well as the program for the development of physical culture and sports, the formation of a healthy lifestyle at the Saint Petersburg Chemical and Pharmaceutical University. O. N. Trofimov was a war veteran, awarded government awards, including the medal “For the Defense of Leningrad”. The essay uses archival data, bibliographic publications, specialized journals and collections of materials from scientific and methodological conferences, materials from the department and the personal archives of O. N. Trofimov.

Teachers’ Perceptions of the Degree of Practicing Organizational Justice among Physical Education and Sports Sciences Department Heads in Selected Universities in Kurdistan Region of Iraq

The research aims to prepare a measure of organizational justice among department heads of colleges of physical education and sports sciences for some universities in the Kurdistan Region from the point of view of teachers, and to identify the level of organizational justice among department heads of colleges of physical education. Physical education and sports sciences in some universities in the Kurdistan Region from the point of view of teachers. The descriptive approach using the survey method for its suitability and the nature of the study. The research community was identified using the intentional method of teachers in the College of Religious Education and Sports Sciences for some universities in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq for the academic season (2023-2024), numbering (5) colleges. The researchers used the following statistical parameters to find the results of their research. Using the statistical package (SPSS) (percentage - arithmetic mean - standard deviation - simple correlation coefficient - Spearman Brown), the results were obtained by preparing a measure of organizational justice among heads of departments and colleges of physical education and sports sciences for some universities in the Kurdistan Region from the point of view Teachers through scientific procedures. The number of items in the scale was (28) items, distributed over (4) dimensions. The heads of departments of the faculties of physical education and sports sciences of some universities in the Kurdistan Region have a high level of practicing organizational justice.

An Analytical Study of Administrative Communication Means Related to Organizational Performance Quality among Secondary School Principals in Al-Karkh, Baghdad

Community understanding requires the exchange of understanding and understanding on the subject of reaching the goal, and this requires both parties of communication who achieve a common understanding, especially in administrative work, which is an essential function in creating a common understanding among workers in programming the work to be implemented. Therefore, the study aimed to study the reality of administrative communications related to the quality of institutional performance. Administrators of some faculties and departments of physical education and sports sciences have chosen, and in order to do this, the descriptive approach was chosen using a survey method as a way to solve the problem and the use of a random sample of secondary school principals in Baghdad Al-Karkh, numbering (532) principals, in addition to the use of several methods and tests that contributed to the implementation of the research procedures, including the use of scale. The quality of institutional performance and means of communication. After conducting statistical treatments and analyzing and discussing the results, several conclusions were reached, including that there is a deficiency in institutional performance, especially in the field of available relationships and human capital. As for the recommendations, the most important of them was to conduct a review in the use of communications related to the technological aspect of implementing community service.

Bolman과 Deal의 네 가지 프레임으로 바라본 대학의 학과 통폐합 사례 연구

Objectives This study aims to analyze cases of merging and phasing out of university departments using Bolman and Deal's four-frame model, focusing on structural, human resource, political, and symbolic changes. Methods To conduct a case study on one engineering department at a private university and one arts and physical education department at a national university, a preliminary investigation was conducted through a review of relevant literature and in-depth written interviews. Based on the results of this preliminary research, Focus Group Interviews (FGIs) were carried out with with faculty, current students, teaching assistants, and alumni to supplement the data collected.. Subsequently, changes in merged and phased-out departments were analyzed according to Bolman and Deal's four frames: structural, human resource, political, and symbolic changes. Results In the structural frame, positive changes such as curriculum flexibility, modernization, and student choice were observed. However, issues such as ensuring choice, securing expertise, and alleviating teaching burdens remained unresolved. Additionally, initial administrative and student organization dualities created issues of belonging and highlighted the need for increased support. In the human resource frame, department consolidation expanded career choices and positively impacted new student enrollment, though initial promotional efforts were insufficient, leading to limited short-term effects. Despite increased career diversification and satisfaction through integrated education, the need for enhanced communication regarding department reorganization and feedback collection was identified. The political frame examined stakeholder position differences and resource allocation strategies for successful integration. In the symbolic frame, while the necessity of consolidating departments to address declining student populations and societal demands was emphasized, it was also confirmed that the reasons for actual consolidations are varied. Conclusions The case analysis of merging and phasing out of university departments provides an in-depth understanding of phenomena that may arise within universities during such processes and offers insights. Recommendations are provided on key considerations for universities when deciding on consolidation targets, supporting consolidated departments, and preparing for and responding to consolidations.

Analysis of the Relationship Between Fat Mass, Body Surface Area (BSA), and the Rate of Sports Injuries Among Students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body fat mass, Body Surface Area (BSA), and incidence of sports injuries among physical education students at higher education institutions in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, with the University of Zakho as the primary research site. This investigation addressed the increasing prevalence of sports-related injuries in university physical education programs within the distinct sociocultural and academic milieu of Kurdistan. Employing a descriptive analytical methodology, anthropometric data, sports injury information, and personal details were collected from third- and fourth-year students at the University of Zakho. The study utilized validated questionnaires, standardized physical assessments, and robust statistical analyses, including correlation and regression models. The findings revealed statistically significant associations between body composition parameters and injury rates, with notable variations across diverse sports disciplines and academic progressions. These results reflect specific athletic practices and educational paradigms prevalent in higher education institutions in the Kurdistan Region. The study concluded that body fat mass, BSA, and sport-specific variables are significant predictors of injury risk among physical education students in these institutions. These findings underscore the necessity for evidence-based and culturally appropriate injury prevention strategies tailored to the unique characteristics of sports programs in universities across the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Implementation of such strategies could potentially enhance student health outcomes and optimize performance in physical education curricula within the higher education system of the region.

The impact of cooperative-style exercises on students' learning of basic tennis abilities

The aim of the research is to identify the impact of exercises based on the cooperative method on students' learning of some basic skills in tennis. The researchers used the experimental method with a design of two equivalent groups with pre-tests and post-tests. This design was appropriate for the nature of the research problem. The research community was defined as third-year students in the Physical Education and Sports Science Department at Al-Safwa University, totalling 96 students divided into three sections. A random sample, represented by Section A, was selected. The sample consisted of 31 students, accounting for 32.291% of the research community. They were subsequently divided into control and experimental groups, with 12 students in each group, excluding 7 students due to injury and irregular attendance. The researchers, relying on sources and scientific studies, prepared educational exercises. Below are some clarifications on the exercises used in the study. The duration of the educational exercises was 10 weeks, with a total of 10 educational units in the curriculum. The duration of each educational unit was 90 minutes. One of the most important conclusions reached by the researchers is that the exercises based on the cooperative learning method positively impacted the development of basic tennis skills for students. The cooperative learning method can be effectively used to teach basic tennis skills to students.

Content Analysis of Postgraduate Theses About the Relationship Between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Physical Activity in Türkiye in 2010-2023

The aim of this study is to evaluate the postgraduate theses on the relationship between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and physical activity registered at the YÖK National Thesis Center between the years 2010-2023 and to examine these theses using the headings of descriptive features, content and methodology. A total of sixty-one (61) theses, forty-four (44) master's theses and seventeen (17) doctoral theses, on the relationship between ASD and physical activity between the years 2010-2023 were included in the study. The data of the study were obtained by using the document review model, which is one of the qualitative research methods, and analyzed by the content analysis method. Within the scope of the findings obtained from the study, it is seen that the postgraduate theses were mostly published between the years 2019-2023 and most of them were completed at Gazi University. The findings obtained show that the master's (49.9%) and doctoral (47%) theses were mostly carried out in Health Sciences Institutes. Thirty-three (33) studies were conducted in the Department of Physical Education and Sports, including twenty-one (21) master's theses (47.7%) and twelve (12) doctoral theses (70.5%). In addition, four (4) master's theses (9%) and two (2) doctoral theses (11.7%) were conducted in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching. A total of twenty-seven (27) studies, nineteen (19) master's theses (41.3%) were conducted by advisors with the title of Assistant Professor, while ten (10) doctoral theses were conducted under the leadership of advisors with the title of Prof. Dr. (%47.6). The sample group of the master's and doctoral studies mostly consists of individuals/children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In addition, the sample group in master's theses (51.5%) and doctoral theses (28.2%) consisted of parents. Of the master's theses in the years 2014-2018 and 2019-2023, 29-30% were studies completed in the field of motor skills and 11-12% in the field of social skills. Of the doctoral theses in the years 2019-2023, 36.8% were studies completed in the field of motor skills and 15.7% in the field of social skills. It was seen that the examined master's and doctoral theses were mostly completed in metropolitan cities such as Istanbul and Ankara. Again, it was understood that postgraduate theses were mostly completed in special education and rehabilitation centers. Quantitative research was mostly applied in postgraduate theses (79.5% of master's degrees, 64.6% of doctoral studies) and the majority used the criterion sampling method (47.7% of master's degrees, 76.4% of doctoral studies). It was also seen that both master's and doctoral theses were conducted in experimental and case study research models. While test battery (41%) and scale (17.9) were used in master's theses, observation form (19.9) and scale (19.9) were used in doctoral theses. Finally, criterion sampling and random sampling methods were preferred in both master's and doctoral theses. As a result, it was seen that the studies completed on individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) increased between 2019-2023 and focused especially on motor skills and social skills.

The Effect of Educational Exercises According to the Stages of Building a Motor Program on Learning Some Epee Skills for Students

The research problem focused on curriculum has specific courses with a small number of educational units through which the student must go through all the stages of learning basic skills. Therefore, we must increase the effectiveness of learning these skills and correct the errors that the learner may face. From here, the problem of the research became clear to us in the lack of effectiveness of learning some skills. Basic skills for students in fencing and the many technical errors during performance, so the researcher thought one should study educational exercises that are appropriate for the stages of building the motor program for some basic fencing skills to increase the effectiveness of learning so that the learner can master the skill with the least number of errors. The research objectives prepared educational exercises according to the stages of building the motor program, and Identifying the effect of educational exercises according to the stages of building a motor program on learning some epee skills for students in the experimental group, and Identify the differences between the two groups Control and experimental In learning some skills with epee weapons for students In the posttest. and Use Finder One The experimental approach was designed with two equal groups : control and experimental. The same pre-test and post-test, because it suits the nature of the problem and achieves the research objectives. And the research population are third-year students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences/Islamic University, who number (306) students, and the research sample of (40) students was randomly selected and divided into two equal groups(Control and experimental) with (20) students for each group, in addition to the exploratory experiment sample of (8) students. And it was done using some educational means during educational exercises and based on the stages of building the motor program for the skill to be learned. The time of the educational unit was (90/min), and the implementation of the educational curriculum began on (11/21/2023 AD) and ended on (1/18/2024 AD). The researchers concluded that the use of complex instructional exercises helped to learn and develop the skill performance of some skills with the epee weapon according to the stages of building the motor program, and the use of focused educational exercises helped build motor perception among learners, which led to accelerating and activating the learning process. The most important recommendations were: Emphasis on the use of complex educational exercises when learning basic skills for students with epee weapons to build motor programs and new motor perceptions about the skill to be learned. also it is necessary to focus on the use of complex educational exercises according to the construction of the motor program in the educational units by trainers and teachers.

Integrating Essential Practical Sessions into the Generic Elective Course in Physical Education Curriculum: A Case Study

Physical education courses, traditionally a blend of theory and practice for their own department students, are often delivered as purely theoretical classes for students from non-physical education disciplines enrolled in Generic Elective Courses (GEC). This approach can lead to disengagement and boredom, as students are already exposed to multiple theoretical classes throughout the day. To address this issue, the Department of Physical Education at the Central University of Haryana revised its GEC curriculum to include practical sessions alongside theoretical content. This study explores the impact of this curriculum revision on student engagement and physical fitness. Feedback from 200 postgraduate students, aged 20-25, indicated a strong preference for incorporating practical sessions into the curriculum, with 98% of respondents favoring this change. The revised curriculum allocated two hours per week for physical activities, aimed at enhancing student engagement and promoting the importance of physical fitness. The effectiveness of the new curriculum was assessed through a one-minute push-up test, measuring upper body strength at the beginning and end of the semester. Initial results showed that 50% of the students struggled to complete the test. However, by the end of the semester, 96% of students successfully completed the one-minute push-up test, indicating significant improvement in physical fitness. The study concludes that integrating practical sessions into GEC physical education courses not only improves student engagement but also enhances physical fitness. It highlights the need for a balanced approach, combining theory with hands-on activities, to foster holistic development. The findings suggest that other departments offering practical-oriented courses could benefit from incorporating similar practical components into their curricula.

The Effect of Various Exercises on Developing Kinesthetic Awareness and Accuracy in Performing the Stabbing and Compound Attack Movement Skillsby Duelingfor Students

The problem of the research was represented by the lack of interest of many teachers in the use of diversification and change in various exercises, despite the positive role it plays in generalizing the motor program for any fencing skill, even though most of its skills are characterized by difficulty in performing them, which requires providing the largest number of motor programs in order to be The learner has full readiness and preparedness, and the research aims to prepare various exercises to develop sensory perception and accuracy in performing complex attack skills and the stabbing movement. And to identify the effect of various exercises in developing the students’ kinetic awareness and accuracy of combined attack skills and stabbing movements in fencing. Use the researcherthatThe experimental approach with two equal groups. The research sample represented the students of the third stage of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the Islamic University for the academic year 2022-2023 AD, and they numbered (50) students. They were selected by a simple random method, and were divided into two groups (experimental and control), and the number of each group was (25). ) student. The experimental group applied the various exercises prepared by the researcherthatAccording to the stages of building the motor program for learning epee skills in fencing, it was included among the educational units approved in colleges of physical education for third-year students, at the rate of one educational unit per week, amounting to (6) educational units. The time of the educational unit was (90/min), and the time of the educational unit was divided into the preparatory section. (15/d), the main section (65/d), and the final section (10/d). The most important conclusions were that there was a significant effect of the various exercises in developing sensory-motor perception and accuracy of performance in learning fencing skills. The most important recommendations are the need to pay attention to various exercises during educational units because they help learners expand their educational awareness and thus reflect on their performance of skills.

Blood Groups and their Correlation with Physical Traits Affecting 100-Meter Performance

Background. Sport training has an impact on other sciences. Among these sciences is physiology, in which emerged to form what is called sports physiology. The recent development in the science of physical education is one of the important factors in measuring and determining the nature of athletes' physical, physiological and biochemical adaptations and responses. The blood circulatory system is important as manifested in finding the relationship between some blood groups and the basic physical characteristics and the completion of the 100-meter race. Objectives. The aim of this study is to identify the types of blood groups and their relationship to some physical traits, and the completion of the 100-meter race for some student athletes. Methods. the descriptive approach was used for its suitability to the research problem. The sample consisted of the students of second stage in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Al-Mustaqbal University in Iraq. It was 143 students (35%) of the original research sample. With the a 143 sample size , the calculated confidence is 34.95 with standard deviation of ±3.87. Results. The study finds out a positive correlation between blood groups and some physical traits. There is also a positive correlation between blood groups and 100-meter sprint achievement as indicated from the statically data analysis and supported by the mean values 5.6 for O blood grouping. Conclusion. the blood group of athletes can take a role and impact on the speed and muscular strength tests. according to the results of this study the athletes who have AB and O blood group are more likely to win in 100 sprint races.

СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ФИЗИЧЕСКОГО ВОСПИТАНИЯ В ВЫСШИХ УЧЕБНЫХ ЗАВЕДЕНИЯХ КРЫМА В КОНЦЕ 20-Х – НАЧАЛЕ 30-Х ГОДОВ ХХ ВЕКА

Based on the analysis of previously unexplored archival documents, the organizational features of the formation of physical education in higher educational institutions of the Crimea in the late 20s – early 30s of the twentieth century are considered. The article scrutinizes the activities of the Supreme Council of Physical Culture of the Crimea to ensure full coverage of physical education of students in educational institutions of the Crimea and the introduction of physical culture as a compulsory subject in the curricula of Crimean higher educational institutions. Since 1927, the Supreme Council of Physical Culture of Crimea has been actively attracting the attention of Soviet educational authorities to the problems of the lack of compulsory physical education in the curricula of Crimean institutes. His main efforts are aimed at solving the issues of staffing physical education of students. To do this, graduates of physical education universities of the USSR were sent to teach at institutes. By 1932, conditions were created for the organization of physical education departments in Crimean higher educational institutions.

Liver Function Markers Response to Different Exercise Intensities in Athletes A Single Bout Perspective

Exercise provides considerable health advantages through promoting proper body system functioning, healthy growth and development, and quality of life. The present study investigated the effect of single bout High- Intensity Exercise (HIE) compared to Low-Intensity Exercise (LIE) on liver function markers in athletes. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physical Education, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (UP). A total of 20 healthy male athletes with age range from 22 to 26 years were randomly selected and underwent 5 minutes of HIE and LIE separated by one week. Blood samples for selected liver function markers were taken pre-exercise, immediately, 10 and 20 minutes post-HIE and LIE, respectively. A repeated measures ANOVA with greenhouse-geisser correction found a significant difference between high and low intensity exercises for SGOT (F=5.881; p<0.05) and SBT (F=7.154; p<0.05) values, while statistically insignificant in the case of SGPT (F=1.572; p>0.05). In high intensity exercise there was statistically significant difference for SGOT (F=7.564; p<0.05) value between different time points. Post hoc analysis with a bonferroni correction showed that SGOT value was significantly increased immediately after the HIE, reducing 10 minutes after the exercise and closely returned to baseline level after 20 minutes of exercise, whereas LIE showed no significant changes. Exercise intensity is important as it triggers liver pathology by asymptomatic modifying liver function markers. These findings can be used to develop and administer exercise training plans for athletes.

STUDENT OF PHARMACY, NURSE, PUBLIC HEALTH, NUTRITIONIST AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION READINESS TOWARD INTERPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION (IPE)

The implementation of interprofessional education (IPE) into higher education curricula is a significant method for creating professionals with the skills necessary for interprofessional collaboration (IPC), including those in the health sciences, nursing, pharmacy, and nutrition. Due to the changes in health services, which are becoming more integrated, it is vital to have the capacity for interprofessional collaboration. The readiness of the pupils for IPE must be assessed before to its implementation in order to identify the subjects that should be highlighted at that time. This research is a cross-sectional study using descriptive analysis method. The distribution of respondents was as all in 4th semester students, consist of department of Pharmacy (n=92), department of Nursing (n=88), department of Public Health (n=95), department of Nutrition (n=66) and department of Physical Education (n=42) in Faculty of Health Sciences. Questionnaire data collection was carried out online. The independent variable that is measured is the student's readiness for Interprofessional Education. The results findings there is a significant difference between the readiness of students in Nurse department and students of all department. The nurse department received the highest score (score = 68.47) and the Health Education received the lowest score (score = 65.59). But all department receive score > 80% of the total score. There is still room for improvement in the areas related to the value of learning together in practical situations

The Impact of Participation in Professional Learning Communities on Physical Education Instructional Leaders

This study investigates the assessment of the physical education teachers and department chairpersons in five institutions in Hunan Province, China, about professional learning communities for physical education and their levels of participation. Stratified sampling was used to generate 187 P.E. teacher-respondents and 52 P.E. chairperson-respondents. Under the Quantitative Research Method, this study utilized weighted mean score and multiple regression to predict the variables in professional learning communities. Based on the findings, as for the profile of the respondents with the combined results from the P.E. teachers and P.E. chairpersons, the following emerged from the data: the age bracket of 41–45 has the highest number of respondents with a master’s degree, constituting 29.7%, the male respondents dominated the data with 64.9%, a total of 79.9% of the respondents are Master's Degree holders, and the length of service revealed 29.7% for 16 years and above. Five variables were tested in the study: professional commitment, strategic approaches, pedagogical and technological knowledge, supportive organizational teaching and learning environments, and professional ethics and standards. The combined mean scores of the two groups of respondents resulted in no significant difference in most of the variables and no significant relationship between the respondents’ assessment of professional learning communities and their level of participation. However, some indicators are not rated highly, and the study calls for a teacher development program. The five variables are considered predictors of the participation of the respondents in PLCs. Furthermore, all the variables are predictors in the professional development of physical education teachers. The strongest predictor is professional ethics and standards, followed by professional commitment. Physical education teachers can be motivated by their chairpersons to join seriously in PLCs to further enhance their capabilities in teaching physical education.

Increasing cognitive learning and sports massage skills through a project-based blended learning model

Background: Low achievement and poor learning skills among current students. Research Objectives: This research analysed the project-based blended learning model on cognitive learning achievement and sports massage skills. Methods: This research is a quasi-experiment. The population was 9 classes (180 students) in the Department of Physical Education. There were 4 classes (80 students) of the samples in this study. A random sampling technique was utilised in this study. A post-test-only control group design was used. Learning achievement was measured by multiple-choice tests, and the skills were measured by a massage skills test. The data were analysed using MANCOVA with SPSS at a 5% significance level. Finding/Results: The research finding showed that (1) there was a difference in massage learning achievement and massage skills between students who studied with project-based blended learning assisted by interactive multimedia and those with direct instruction with a significance number of 0.001 which is smaller than 0.05, (2) there was a difference in massage learning achievement between students who studied with project-based blended learning assisted by interactive multimedia and those with direct instruction, with a value of F = 8.400 and (3) there was a difference in massage skills between students who studied with project-based blended learning assisted with interactive multimedia and those with direct instruction, with a value of F = 13.817. Conclusion: It can be summarised that the project-based blended learning model could improve learning achievement and massage skills. The level of digital literacy has not been considered in this research; it is recommended that future research pay attention to this variable.

Project-based Learning Model for Freestyle Swimming Education at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Megarezky

This study aimed to develop a project-based learning (PBL) model for freestyle swimming in the Physical Education Department of Megarezky University's Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, which was developed through a series of stages, including analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. In this study, 30 students and 5 lecturers were selected as samples using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through surveys, interviews, and observations, and analyzed using descriptive analysis and content analysis. The results show that the PBL model can enhance students' skills and abilities in freestyle swimming, improve their learning outcomes, and promote active and independent learning. Additionally, the model can assist lecturers in teaching more effectively and improving the quality of freestyle swimming education. In conclusion, the PBL model for freestyle swimming can be an alternative to improve student's learning outcomes in freestyle swimming education, with significant advantages, such as enhancing students' critical thinking and problem-solving skills and improving the quality of freestyle swimming education. The research findings indicate that the PBL model has high validity, practicality, and effectiveness in improving students' learning outcomes in freestyle swimming. Therefore, efforts should be made to optimize the use of this model in freestyle swimming education and conduct further research to develop the model further and apply it to various contexts.

Problems facing students of the Department of Physical Education in the athletics course

The purpose of this study was to identify and investigate the obstacles experienced by students in the Department of Physical Education participating in the athletics course al Al al-Bayt University and to determine the effect of (gender, and academic year) on the degree of the problems. The study used the descriptive approach since it suits the nature of the study, and the sample of the study consisted of 66 male and female students. The sample was chosen purposefully, and was tested by a questionnaire designed by the researchers, which consisted of 36 items divided into three dimension: problems related to capabilities, problems related to the study plan, and problems related to psychological factors. According to the findings of the study, the problems facing students at the Department of Physical Education in the Athletic course were of a high degree. The study also found statistically significant differences in the problems facing students due to the variables of gender in favor of the females, and to the variable of the academic year in favor of the sophomore.