Indicators Of Physical Development Research Articles

Deterioration of Soviet people's health in an era of stagnation

The article analyzes negative changes in the USSR population health in the era of stagnation. These changes are traced on the basis of statistical indices of physical development, morbidity of infectious and mental diseases, mortality and life expectancy. The mentioned data are compared with indices of ecological pollution, drinking water and foodstuff quality. The study results are explained by political decisions on reclamation of unsettled territories, developing of all-Union constructions, (anti)alcohol campaigns.

Assessment of the physical, social and value component of health in the structure of healthy lifestyle among the student youth of medical university

Introduction. Young people act as a basic component of the security of society. Physical development data is an indicator of the level of health of the population. Studying at the university coincides with the reproductive period. Adverse effects on the body of young people during this period can negatively affect the health of the next generation. Physical culture and sports activities allow students to integrate effectively into the educational space of the university.The objective of our study was to assess the morphological and medical and social characteristics of the physical development of the student youth in Saratov.Methods and materials. The study was conducted in 2018–2019 at the base of the department of physical therapy, sports medicine and physiotherapy in Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky. Respondents were the students of the Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky as the most promising group of young people in the preservation of reproductive health. Anthropometric parameters were carried out in accordance with the recommendations of V. V. Bunak. The study included anthropometric parameters: body weight, body length, and mass-growth correlation. We analyzed the values of the method «Diagnosing the real structure of value orientations». Analysis of self assessment of the level of health and assessment of their healthy lifestyle by the author’s questionnaire of a closed type.Results. Data of anthropometric parameters of physical development and body mass index of boys 2018–2019 tends to be overweight. S.S. Bubnova’s most preferred values for medical students are «help and mercy for people», «recognition and respect for others» and «pleasant pastime» that does not correlate with health care. Analysis of value priorities in the healthy lifestyle of medical students showed that the majority of respondents to health is not quite high role.Conclusion. Motivated preservation of individual health and active position of the university in the case of healthy lifestyle during the student studies can have a beneficial effect in the formation of health behavior of young people. It is necessary to establish the possibility of regular, accessible and balanced nutrition of students during the study at the university.

Variation of Indicators of Newborn Physical Development as a Manifestation of Adaptive Self-Organization of Their Systems to Changing Environmental Conditions

Introduction: Many published data on variability of anthropometric characteristics of newborns related to the influence of adverse environmental factors during their antenatal development have been accumulated by now. The purpose of our work was to study the relationship between certain parameters of antenatal physical development of newborns and varying environmental and climatic conditions. Materials and methods: Anthropometric measurements were taken in the delivery room immediately after birth and then assessed against environmental and climatic characteristics of the antenatal period. Results: We established the relationship between the exposure to different environmental and climatic factors, including radiation, during the antenatal period and anthropometric characteristics of the examined newborns. We observed a quantitative variety of signs and found that the body mass was most “sensitive” to the impact of adverse environmental factors. At the same time, the phenogenetic analysis helped establish a significant effect of atmospheric pressure on the body mass. The effects of radiation exposure were, to a greater extent, associated with the signs of influence of both environmental (including the total and ultraviolet radiation – in 57.3 % and 67.8 % of cases, respectively) and genetic factors (in 42.7 % and 32.2 % of cases, respectively). Conclusion: The established genotype-environment effects of exposures to changing environmental and climatic conditions prove the importance of continuing longitudinal observations of the examined infants using a cytogenetic analysis.

Adverse effects of iron deficiency anemia on pregnancy outcome and offspring development and intervention of three iron supplements

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common micronutrient deficiency among pregnant women with severe consequences including impaired immuno-inflammatory system, premature birth, fetal death etc. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of three iron supplements on IDA female rats and their offspring. The IDA female rat model was established with low iron diet and the rats were then mated. After pregnancy, rats were fed diets containing different iron supplements (iron polysaccharide complex, iron protein succinylate and ferrous sulfate) until their offspring were 42 days old. Pregnancy outcomes, haematological, iron metabolism, physical and neurological development indexes were determined. The results showed that all three iron supplements improved the levels of hematological parameters of both mother and offspring rats. After iron supplementation, serum iron, transferrin saturation and serum ferritin levels were increased compared with the IDA group. The level of ferritin light chain in the liver and spleen of both mother and offspring rats in iron supplemented groups was significantly higher than that of the IDA group. The average number of born alive per litter in the iron treatment groups was significantly higher than that in the IDA group. Iron supplements also improved the physical growth and neurobehavioral development of offspring rats. It was also found that iron supplementation improved the expression of ferritin light chain and the synaptic growth associated proteins in the brain and hippocampus. No significant difference was found in the efficacy of three iron supplements. These results suggest that pregnant and postpartum IDA affects pregnancy outcomes, offspring physical development and causes neural impairment. Sufficient iron supplementation can significantly improve IDA and its adverse effects on both mother and offspring.

Relationship between physical development indicators and blood pressure level in school-age children

In the study, 848 school age children were examined. They were divided into 3 groups: the first group consisted of 182 children with arterial hypertension, the second group – 78 children with prehypertension and the control group – 588 children with normal blood pressure level. The physical development of children was assessed according to the generally accepted unified method. The blood pressure level was measured with an automatic tonometer three times, with the calculation of the average value. The results were assessed using percentile tables. Statistical processing of the data obtained was carried using Microsoft Office Excel and Statistica 10.0 programs. When analyzing anthropometric indicators, it was found that the Z-index of the body mass index in children of the first group was significantly higher than that in children with normal blood pressure. There was a difference in the circumference of the waist and hips as compared with children from the second and control groups. Based on the study results an epidemiological analysis of statistical processing was carried out and it was found that overweight and obesity are significant risk factors for the development of arterial hypertension (OR = 3.36; RR = 2.50; specificity = 0.81; sensitivity = 0.43). The results of the correlative and cluster analyses suggest the relationship between physical development indicators and the level of blood pressure in schoolchildren.

STRENGTHENING STUDENTS’ HEALTH IN THE PROCESS OF SPORTS AND HEALTH TOURISM ENGAGEMENT

The aim: Is to investigate the level and dynamics of students' physical health in the process of sports and health tourism engagement. Materials and methods: The research involved the students (men) of Sumy State University (n = 60). The research was conducted in 2018-2020. The comparative analysis of indicators of physical development, functional status and health of the students who were engaged in sports and health tourism (sports section of the Department of Physical Education, n = 30) in the process of their physical education, and the students who attended traditional physical education classes (main section, n = 30) was carried out. The level of the students' health was assessed according to the methods by H. L. Apanasenko and V. P. Voitenko. Results: It was found that most indicators of physical development, functional status and state of health are significantly better at the end of the research in the students who were engaged in sports and health tourism during their education than in the students who were engaged in traditional physical education classes. The largest increases are in the indicators of body weight, circumferential size of the chest and the waist, heart rate, vital, strength indices, Robinson's index, duration of heart rate recovery after standard exercise, duration of breath-holding at inspiration and expiration, level of physical health. Conclusions: The high level of physical development, functional status and the state of students' health formed in the process of sports and health tourism will ensure the effectiveness of their learning in higher educational institutions owing to improving their mental and physical performance, as well as help to improve indicators of their lifesustaining and future professional activities.

The state of children’s and youth’s health as a source of construction of the content of health education in secondary schools in Poland

The article, based on the analysis of official statistical materials and publications of scientists of the Republic of Poland, presents the tendencies of changes in the state of health of children, adolescents and youth in the country. A number of «measures» are used to summarize the approach to assessing the health of children, adolescents and young people. Some information on indicators of physical development and sensory-motor fitness is presented, it is revealed that a characteristic feature of development of modern children and youth is acceleration, which instead is not accompanied by acceleration of psychical (mental) and social maturation. It is noted that the negative trends today are a permanent decrease in the population of 6‒19-year-olds, flexibility, endurance and strength, an increase in their Body Mass Index, which is largely associated with a decrease in physical activity of children, adolescents and youth. It is determined that the health problems that “count” in statistical studies on the health of children, adolescents and young people are available trauma, caries, impaired vision, hearing and movement, musculoskeletal disorders systems. It has been found that various psychosocial disorders have become a constant “measure” of the health of children, adolescents and young people. It was found that statistical studies on the health of children, adolescents and young people show separate data on chronic diseases, among which a special place is given to obesity among the “young” population, and infectious diseases, including AIDS, which tends to increase. A number of so-called “subjective” health indicators (those voiced by young people or their parents/guardians) and indicators of favorable or risky health and life behaviors were analyzed. It is concluded that the best ways to solve the problem of health of children, adolescents and youth, Polish scientists determine the provision of effective preventive care, appropriate implementation of health education, taking into account modern standards of health promotion and improving the quality of educational and preventive programs in secondary school, their coverage of the entire population of school-age persons and, indirectly, their parents. It is noted that data on the current state of health of children, adolescents and youth and trends in its changes are an important basis for constructing the content and technology of health-preserving educational influences in educational institutions.

A Cross-cultural study of hardiness and well-being of students and student-athletes in Kazakhstan and Russia

The article considers the problem of personal resources of young people, which can contribute to their adaptation to life in modern society. The main characteristics of social development are: industrial revolution, international integration, high dynamism of socio-economic and socio-cultural processes. It is proved that their future depends on the ability of young people to overcome life difficulties, to be ready to overcome external and internal difficulties. In this regard, it is extremely important to study the resilience of young people and the factors that determine them. The purpose of the study was to study the resilience of Kazakh youth depending on their involvement in sports, as well as to conduct a cross-cultural comparison of Kazakh and Russian youth in terms of resilience and well-being. Significant differences in the level of indicators of resilience among students engaged in sports compared with non-athletes students, both in the sample of Kazakhstan and Russia, were revealed. Correlation analysis showed that young people who plan their activities, know how to maintain the desired weight, exercise and positively evaluate their physical development indicators, as well as are focused on social activity and communication with people have a high level of resilience. The data obtained can be used in the development of strategies for working with the youth of Kazakhstan. Further investigation of the problem may be related to the development of trainings on the development of resilience, as well as the development of strategies for involving young people in active sports.

The Relevance of Revising Food Supply Norms for Students of Cadet-Type Boarding Schools

Summary. Introduction: At present, training of highly qualified military personnel including cadet corps students acquires special importance. Educational programs in cadet corps provide for high daily physical activity of students. At the same time, daily food rationing regulated by current sanitary norms and rules does not comply with higher energy expenditures of such students. The purpose of our study was to substantiate a healthy diet of students of boarding schools taking into account their total daily energy expenditures, calorie needs and requirements for micro- and macronutrients ensuring a high level of functional state of the body, high mental and physical performance. Materials and methods: We studied indicators of health status and physical development of cadets based on the results of medical examinations, results of assessing daily physical activity, and school meals. Daily timekeeping and pulse measurements were used to estimate daily energy expenditures and activity levels. Evaluation of nutrition was based on the analysis of a cyclic menu, process charts, menu layouts, and catering hours. Conclusions: The regulated daily norms of food products adopted in cadet corps subordinate to the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation are significantly lower than actual energy expenditures of their students. This reality determines the necessity of revising food rationing. Draft guidelines for hygienic justification of the recommended diet for students with a higher level of physical activity have been developed. The proposals for improvement of boarding school meals were included in the appropriate sanitary rules and regulations within the framework of the regulatory guillotine.

ИМПЛИЦИТНЫЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ФАКТОРОВ ФИЗИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ У ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ СЕВЕРА С ДИСПЛАСТИЧЕСКИМ ФЕНОТИПОМ

Due to the spread of undiff erentiated forms of connective tissue dysplasia, it seems relevant to assess the impact of organogenesis disorders on the physical development of schoolchildren living in the northern region. What dictates the need to study the interrelationships and interdependencies of the components of physical development and somatometric indicators in children of the north with phenotypic markers of UCTD. The eff ect of posture disorders on the studied components of physical development is manifested by higher growth in children with a fl at and round-concave back, a decrease in the thickness of skin-fat folds and the size of the head with a round and round-concave back. Therefore, to analyze the intersex and age diff erences in physical development in children with NDT, it is necessary to take into account the dynamics of interdependent anthropometric indicators and indices, taking into account the types of posture disorders.

Особенности физического развития детей 5-6 лет г. Реутов Московской области

The paper presents and analyzes data on the study of anthropometric indicators of physical development of boys and girls aged 5-6 years old. The study re-sults indicate statistically significant sex differences identified in a number of parameters. It was shown that a significant part of the sample of 5-6-year-old children demonstrate main anthropometric indicators of physical development in accordance to the standards specified in the WHO documentation.

Actual problems of physical development of children in the age of digital technologies

The active spread of digital technologies all over the world, the mobile availability of high-speed Internet have caused a sharp increase in the time the population spends at the screens of smartphones, tablets, televisions and other media devices. In particular, this tendency influenced the model of behavior of the younger generation in relation to health, lifestyle, and the level of physical activity. The sedentary lifestyle of children and adolescents, associated with screen addiction, causes various diseases, social problems, poor academic performance, and negatively affects the indicators of their physical and mental health. The current study presents data that reflect the dynamic relationship of "screen time" with indicators of physical development of adolescents. The participants were children of primary school age from 6 to 10 years old (n-74). Measurements were carried out using fitness tests, anthropometry, questionnaires, self-report diaries of physical activity and time spent by the study participants with digital technology. The paper discusses the main effective means and methods to improve the motivation of young people for regular exercise. Actions for the formation of a strategy for the behavior of the younger generation in ways of interacting with digital technologies are outlined.

Comparative Characteristics and Assessment of the Relations of Anthropometric Indicators and Motor Abilities of Girls’ Basketball Players 12-14 Years Old

Anthropometric indicators and motor abilities are significant components of the successful implementation of the physical potential of young basketball players. The aim of the study was to describe and compare anthropometric characteristics, indicators of physical and special preparedness for basketball players under the age of 12 and up to 14 years, to identify the presence and degree of relationship between these indicators in each group of athletes. Athletes (n = 50) were grouped in groups under 12 years (U12, 10.97 ±0.48 years; n = 24), and under 14 (U14; 12.96 ±0.49 years; n = 26), body height and body weight were measured, dexterity and indicators of special preparedness were tested and compared (“Throws into the basket from different positions”, “Free Throws”, “Ten eights”). U12 players showed lower performance than the U14 group in all tests except the “Free Throws” test. All athletes showed astrong correlation between jumping and dexterity (p < 0.01). The U14 athletes showed astrong (p < 0.01) and moderate (p < 0.05) relationship between the indicators of special preparedness. Assessment of indicators of physical development, physical and special preparedness of athletes, the study of the relationship of these indicators at different periods of ontogenesis will help rationally differentiate training loads, emphasize pedagogical influences and optimize the training process.

Мониторинг показателей здоровья и физического развития мальчиков 7–12 лет, занимающихся спортивной гимнастикой

Abstract. We study the health and physical development indicators of gymnasts aged 7–12 years in the conditions of transition to the stage of sports specialization characterized primarily by the following changes in the content, types and amount of sports training: an increase in the share of special physical training relative to the previous stage; an increase in competitive time; the appearance of such types of training activities as training camps. Special attention is paid to the psychological and pedagogical aspect of sports training in the conditions of increasing the time of competitive activity. In addition, the issues of proportional development of the forms and functions of the body of young gymnasts within the framework of the health balance between the state of athletes and an ordinary child are considered. The data on the composition of body weight in children are presented to ensure the necessary prevention of the risk of diseases (including diseases of the cardiovascular system) in this life period. Determination of the compliance of the studied indicators with the health criteria of children of this age group on the following points: physical development; neuropsychic development (factors of individual psychological personality traits of students); resistance level; level of the functional state of the main systems of the child’s body.

Антропометрические подходы в оценке конституции юношей и девушек из различных социальных групп

Aim. To identify the features of physical development of boys and girls aged 17-18 from various social groups in the Tyumen region. Materials and methods. A survey was conducted of 328 young men and women aged 17-18 years on the basis of educational institutions in the Tyumen region. The group of young men and women surveyed was divided according to their constitutional type and socio-economic status. Anthropometric methods included studies of the longitudinal, transverse, and girth dimensions of the body according to the generally accepted method (V. G. Nikolaev, 2005). The assessment of constitutional affiliation was carried out according to the scheme of V. G. Shtefko and A. D. Ostrovsky in the modification of S. S. Darskaya (1975). The obtained data were processed on a computer using applied mathematical programs. Results. Based on anthropometric studies of the body of young men and women of the Tyumen region, the presence of features in the longitudinal, transverse and girth dimensions that characterize their constitutional affiliation and physical development of individuals of various social groups was established. The lag of children of the main group in indicators of physical development and the formation of a weak dis-harmonious physique was established. The results of the study expand the scientific understanding of the features of growth processes in children of different social groups, complement the knowledge in the field of age and constitutional human anatomy. Conclusion. The obtained data should be taken into account when developing correctional programs aimed at improving the health of children, which allow reducing the impact of an unfavorable environment and normalizing physical development indicators in young people of the Tyumen region.

Efficiency of a Combined Fitness Program for Improving Physical Condition in Young Women

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a combined exercise program focused on the improvement of young women’s physical condition. Materials and methods. The study involved 62 healthy women (an average age of 29.4 years). More than 50 parameters were assessed (anthropometric indicators, physical capacity and motor abilities, functional status of the cardiorespiratory system, etc.). The structure of physical condition of the women was identified using the factor analysis. The transforming experiment lasted for 14 months. Results. The physical development indicators had the largest contribution (33.4%) to the total variance of physical characteristics of the subjects. The second factor related to the functional state and physical performance accounted for 21.6%, the third factor related to coordination abilities accounted for 19.8%, and the fourth factor related to physical fitness accounted for 10.3% of the total variance. Those four factors explained 85.1% of the total variance. The 35 indicators, which were selected by the factor analysis and characterized the women’s physical condition, were used as criteria for the effectiveness of the proposed exercise program. Participation in the exercise program significantly affected the morphological status of women. Functional indicators of the cardiovascular system improved significantly, including resting heart rate decreased by 16.2% (p &lt; 0.05). Muscle strength increased by 32.2% (p &lt; 0.05), speed and strength endurance and speed endurance increased by 31.5% and 49.1%, respectively (p &lt; 0.05). Exercises targeting coordination abilities lead to improvements in balance ability of women as assessed by the Romberg test (increase by 94.0%, p &lt; 0.05) and by the Flamingo test (increase by 65.6%, p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions. The study confirmed the effectiveness of the combined exercise program according to selected criteria. There were significant (p &lt; 0.05) positive changes in physical condition components including physical development, physical fitness, functional state of the cardiorespiratory system and in body balance.

ЗМІНИ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ФІЗИЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ДІТЕЙ 5 РОКІВ м. КИЄВА В ДИНАМІЦІ 1912-2019 РОКІВ

Objective: on the basis of dynamic observations to assess changes in the physical development of preschool children in Kyiv, and to develop standardized indicators. Research methods: hygienic, physiological, anthropometric, statistical. Object of study - preschool children in Kyiv, both sexes, aged 5 years; indicators of physical development, scientific literature. In order to assess the dynamics of the physical development of preschool children, to develop standardized indicators, using anthropometric, physiological and hygienic research methods, we studied the morphological and functional indicators of physical development of 278 modern preschoolers in Kyiv. Results: it is proved that modern children of 5 years of age in comparison with their peers in 1912, 1962 and 2005 have a narrower chest, ie more prone to asthenic body structure, which is especially pronounced among girls. It is also impossible to exclude the beginning of the slowing down of acceleration processes in both sex and age groups, and given the data of physical development of girls, even in the future the tendency to stagnation of physical development. Thus, there is a sexual differentiation of the growth processes of children of five years of age, as evidenced by significant differences in the morphological, functional and anthropometric characteristics of preschoolers, but different rates of their physical development are noted.

ЗМІНИ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ФІЗИЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ДІТЕЙ 6 РОКІВ м. КИЄВА В ДИНАМІЦІ 1912–2019 РОКІВ

Objective: on the basis of dynamic observations to assess changes in the physical development of preschool children in Kyiv, and to develop standardized indicators. Research methods: hygienic, physiological, anthropometric, statistical. Object of study - preschool children in Kyiv, both sexes, aged 6 years; indicators of physical development, scientific literature. In order to assess the dynamics of the physical development of preschool children, to develop standardized indicators, using anthropometric, physiological and hygienic research methods, we studied the morphological and functional indicators of physical development of 413 modern preschoolers in Kyiv. Results: it is proved that modern children of 6 years of age in comparison with their peers in 1912, 1962 and 2009 have a narrower chest, ie more prone to asthenic body structure, which is especially pronounced among girls. It is also impossible to exclude the beginning of the slowing down of acceleration processes in both sex and age groups, and given the data of physical development of girls, even in the future the tendency to stagnation of physical development. Thus, there is a sexual differentiation of the growth processes of children of five years of age, as evidenced by significant differences in the morphological, functional and anthropometric characteristics of preschoolers, but different rates of their physical development are noted.

Association of Processed Meats and Alcohol Consumption with Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Worldwide Population-Based Study

The link between diet and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of diet with RCC’s incidence and mortality rates worldwide. We conducted an ecological study including 170 countries, whose data on age-standardized (AS) incidence and mortality rates of RCC, dietary factors, and potentially confounding factors such as obesity, insufficient physical activity, tobacco smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and human development index (HDI) were collected and available on May 2020 from the Global Cancer Observatory, the Global Dietary Database, the Global Health Observatory data repository, the Diabetes Atlas 9th edition and the Human Development Report 2019. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to determine the association of dietary factors with incidence and mortality rates of RCC adjusted for the effects of population age and potentially confounding factors. Intake of processed meats and consumption of alcohol were both positively associated with AS incidence rates of RCC (β = 0.11, P < 0.001 and β = 0.1, P = 0.044, respectively). We suggest that high consumption of processed meats and/or alcohol is a risk factor for RCC. However, they were not associated with mortality. Further research is needed at an individual level. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2020.1856388.

INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF THE PHYSICAL CONDITION OF 15–17-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN

Introduction. Differences between anthropometric indicators of physical development in children of different regions may be related to environmental factors, living conditions and health status. The use of informative assessments of the physical development of children and adolescents remains a matter of debate.Aim. To develop generalized assessment of the physical condition of children aged 15–17 years and to substantiate expediency of its use for the needs of preventive medicine.Methods. The study was conducted in accordance with the research plan of the Chair of Medical and Biological Fundamentals of Physical Culture and the interdepartmental Laboratory of Educational Hygiene and Age Physiology. The study involved 716 children aged 15-17 years who lived in Sumy. Anthropometric examination of children was performed with standard instruments according to a unified methodology. To determine the harmony and the level of physical development, sex and age regression scales were used, which allowed to take into account the relationship between anthropometric indicators. The method of integrated estimates was used to create a generalized indicator of physical condition.Results. In the group of people with harmonious physical development, adolescents aged 17 years (66.2±1.77%) predominate over similar groups of 15-year-old (60.37±1.84%) and 16-year-old (50.61±1.59%) children.More people with harmonious physical development were found among girls aged 15-16 years than among boys (p&lt;0.05).Among adolescents with disharmonious physical development, adolescents with insufficient body weight predominate. There are age differences in the physical development of boys, among whom there is a higher percentage of people with disharmonious physical development with insufficient body weight among 16-year-old boys.Conclusion. For the quantitative characteristics of physical development, the technique of integrated assessment is used that allows defining its level on all set of anthropometric and functional indicators and can be used as an expert evaluation in therapeutic practice. The generalized indicator of physical condition characterizes the state of health of the surveyed contingent more adequately than the method of standard assessments. Key words: physical condition; adolescents; harmonious; disharmonious physical development