Physical Danger Research Articles

Body Self

Ego development or, more broadly, the sense of self has at its core a cohesive, distinct, and accurate body self. Compromise of body self development as a result of early overstimulation, empathic unavailability or nonresponse of the caretaker, and inconsistency or selectivity of response can lead to specific developmental arrests, including body-image distortions, nonintegration of body self and psychological self, and difficulties in the regulation of tension states and affect. The individual may then attempt to repair those disrupted developmental needs by such symptomatic expressions as eating disorders, compulsive exercise, substance abuse, and the creation of physical danger, as a step toward integration of mind and body as well as a defensive antidote to painful affect. In the psychoanalytic treatment of these patients, the need for the analyst's attunement to the patient's development of body self as well as psychological self development is illustrated by clinical vignettes of the enactments and attempted restitution of specific developmental trauma.

Hans Staden and the Cultural Politics of Cannibalism

Hans Staden and the Cultural Politics of Cannibalism

Sonorous Bodies: Women and the Glass Harmonica

In the 1760s, Benjamin Franklin modified the traditional "musical glasses" into the more elegant and playable "glass harmonica." Its gentle yet irresistibly resonant sound inspired analogies with feminine voices and souls: the instrument was represented as a "sister" and even as a physical extension of the woman performer. By the late 1780s, enthusiasm for its sound was tempered by concern over physical and moral dangers it posed to listeners and players. Its reputation waxed and waned with that of Dr. Franz Mesmer, who used it in his "magnetic" therapies. For the Gothic and early Romantic era, the armonica was no mere object for making music, but a focus for fantasies about ideal music itself. Yet while its sound remained a literary sign of inspiration and esoteric knowledge, the instrument lost its prestigious place in musical practice. Its feminine associations, once the secret to its magical potency, ultimately became a liability.

Generating stories of resilience: helping gay and lesbian youth and their families.

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth have often been forgotten in the provision of care to families. Not only are 10%-12% of all youth lesbian, gay, or bisexual, they all have families of origin and many also have "families of choice" that are dramatically increasing the numbers of persons who are directly affected. These youth can suffer disqualification ranging from internalized poor esteem and suicidality to physical danger, often at the hands of those very persons who are expected to care for them--families, educators, and health care providers. This article examines both how homophobia and heterosexism are both manifest and recovered from using case examples and offering therapeutic suggestions to clinicians.

A genealogy of dissent: Southern Baptist protest in the twentieth century

A Choice Outstanding Academic Title Between the Civil War and the turn of the last century, Southern Baptists gained prominence in the religious life of the South. As their power increased, they became defenders of the racial, political, social, and economic status quo. By the beginning of this century, however, a feisty tradition of dissent began to appear in Southern Baptist life as criticism of the center increased from both the left and the right. The popular belief in a doctrine of saved, always saved led progressive Baptists to claim that moderates, once saved, did not address the serious social and political problems that faced many in the South. These Baptist dissenters claimed that they could not be at ease in Zion. Led by the radical Walter Nathan Johnson in the 1920s and 1930s, progressive Baptists produced civil rights advocates, labor organizers, women's rights advocates, and proponents of disarmament and abolition of capital punishment. They challenged some of the most fundamental aspects of southern society and of Baptist ecclesiastical structure and practice. For their efforts and beliefs, many of these men and women suffered as they lost jobs, experienced physical danger and injury, and endured character assassination. In A Genealogy of Dissent, David Stricklin traces the history of these progressive Baptists and their descendants throughout the twentieth century and shows how they created an active culture of protest within a highly traditional society.

Children and the city: a summary of recent environmental psychology research

The environmental psychology literature is reviewed as it focuses on children's needs and experiences of towns and cities. Children are, we argue, the unacknowledged outsiders in the planning and management of urban areas; yet their enjoyment of and contribution to these areas is ignored at our peril. We discuss the importance of place attachment in the child's developing personal identity; and the rich affordances of towns and cities for the child's well-being and development, alongside an assessment of the evidence about the social and physical dangers that are more frequently stressed in popular discussions: these range from strangers and street crime, to traffic and pollution. Other related topics reviewed include: children's favourite places and their role in the child's self-regulation; the role of exploration of the local area as part of the child's widening social and cognitive world; gender differences in patterns of exploration, and whether these might be changing; and examples of children's involvement at more than a token level in the planning of their communities. The role of children as consumers in the local economy, and their use of public places, malls and plazas, has often been discussed as if they were inevitably socially problematic, and that their presence inevitably led to conflicts with adult users: yet we argue for a view of cityscapes which bring the different strands of society together. We conclude by discussing those Continental European city designs which foster the participation of children in the city's social life.

The Criminal Liability of Corporations and Scots Law: Learning the Lessons of Anglo-American Jurisprudence

It is the contention of this article that Scotland, in response to the social, economic and physical dangers of corporate crime, requires a properly constructed framework of corporate criminal liability based on ideas drawn from Anglo-American jurisprudence. A proposal for such a framework is put forward and explained.

The Orphans of Eritrea: A Five‐year Follow‐up Study

A group of 4-7-year-old war orphans were examined for the first time while living in an institution (the Solomuna Orphanage) during a protracted war between Eritrea and Ethiopia. At that time, they were compared to a group of refugee children living in a nearby camp with one or both parents. The orphans exhibited significantly more behavioral symptoms than the refugee children, but performed the cognitive tests at a more advanced level. Five years later, the orphans were re-examined; and they were compared to unaccompanied 9-12-year-children living in one of two residential settings that differed qualitatively in their social climate, principles of child care, and patterns of staff-child interactions. Although the severity of their behavioral symptoms had diminished, the orphans still exhibited many symptoms of emotional distress. On the other hand, they performed the cognitive measures as well as, or better than, unaccompanied children who had been protected from the terrors of war. The cross-sectional comparisons indicated that a residential setting that respects the individuality of children and promotes their close personal ties with at least one staff member can ameliorate many of the more serious psychological sequelae of having lost both parents and being exposed to the physical dangers of the war. The implications for war orphans in other Third World countries are discussed.

A Theoretical Framework for Structuring the Content of Competitive Worry in Ice Hockey

Many competitive sport anxiety researchers have examined the degree to which athletes worry before or during competition. Little attention has been paid, however, to establishing a conceptual framework for structuring the content of competitive worry. The main purpose of this study was to examine the latent dimensionality of competitive worry in intercollegiate ice hockey (N= 178) using a conceptual framework based on two multidimensional anxiety theories developed by Endler (1983) and Hackfort (1986). Multidimensional scaling and factor-analytic results revealed that competitive worry in ice hockey can be structured around a combination of four potential content domains relating to athletes’ fear of failure, negative social evaluation, injury or physical danger, and the unknown. These constructs were congruent with the situational anxiety dimensions proposed by Endler and Hackfort. Discussion focuses on the characteristic features of the four worry domains and the extent to which athletes were predisposed to experiencing each type of worry.

An empirical test of the interaction model of anxiety in a competitive equestrian setting

An empirical test of the interaction model of anxiety was assessed by measuring both state anxiety (A-state) and trait anxiety (A-Trait) of 82 female adolescent competitive equestrian riders in a stressful and non-stressful situation. The social evaluation facet (SE) of A-trait was examined to determine how it interacts with a congruent social evaluation stress situation in inducing A-State arousal. As predicted, high SE A-Trait subjects experienced greater increases in A-State than low SE subjects, proceeding from the non-stress to the high-stress condition. For the congruent SE A-Trait facet, a significant person-by-situation (P×S) interaction was observed. That is SE A-Trait and SE stress interacted in inducing A-State arousal. No P×S interactions were observed for the non-congruent Physical Danger, Daily Routines and Ambiguous A-Trait facets. The results of the differential hypotheses indicated strong confirmation of the interaction model for the SE facet of A-Trait by social evaluation stress situation.

Embodied Discourse: On gender and fear of violence

This article advances an interpretation of gender and fear of violence based on feminist post-structuralist theory. The authors explore the interweaving of 'embodied discourses', 'investments' in subject positions, and emotion. They illustrate their discussion through an exploratory analysis of the ways in which a sample of male and female university students describe their experiences of physical and sexual danger in urban space. The authors interpret the accounts they offer in terms of multiple subject positions embodied in the context of gendered power relations. In so doing they offer a fresh perspective on the geography of women's fear.

Compressed modernity and its discontents: South Korean society in transtion

According to conventional economic indicators, since late 1997 history has been reversed for South Koreans since late 1997. Their current financial crisis, which would have led to a moratorium without the emergency bail-out packae from teh International Monetary Fund, seems to require not only economic austerity for business firms and citizen but also a total devaluation of their developmental ‘micacle’ in the latter half of the twentieth century. South Koreans' dilemma, if evaluated from a broad historical and theoretical perspective on their compresed modernity, is that the vary mechanisms which made their explosive economic growth possible tend to create various hazardous consequences in social, political, cultural as well as economic life. Patriarchal political authoritarianism chaebol's despotic and monopolistic business practice, abuse and exclusion of labour, neglect of basic welfare rights, ubiquitous physical dangers, and ideological self-nagation are particularly serious examples of such hazards of the uniquely South Korean modernity.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) digital subtraction angiography: 26-year experience at the University of Florida.

Although the vascular system is presently being imaged by multiple high technology modalities, contrast angiography continues to be the gold standard; however, severe complications rarely occur. During the last 25 years (in over 1400 patients), CO2 has proven to be extremely safe (no allergy or renal failure). However, it is imperative to understand CO2's physical properties and potential dangers. Recently, CO2 is being routinely utilized not only because of safety, but for detection of minute amounts of bleeding, better collateral filling, and for most interventional procedures since unlimited volumes of CO2 can be injected between the catheter and guidewire. Presently, safe, reliable and "user-friendly" delivery systems are now commercially available. CO2 DSA images are now nearly comparable to iodinated contrast, and improvement in DSA images are evolving, including "stacking" software.

Female Prostitution in Glasgow: Drug Use and Occupational Sector

Ethnographic research undertaken between 1992 and 1996 aimed to discover in what ways the varieties of social and commercial (including drug using) experiences of prostitutes are related to the forms of prostitution in which they engage. Females working in each of the Glasgow prostitution sectors (street, sauna, flat, escort and sugar daddy) were recruited by a multiple snowball sampling method which relied largely on research by privileged access. Data gathering was naturalistic and fieldwork extensive. Injecting, and acceptance of drug addiction as a rationale for prostituting amongst street prostitutes continues to be contrasted with intolerance of routine drug use by indoor prostitutes. However, findings are that traditional demarcations between street drug users and indoor non-users have diminished. Recreational drug use has become popular amongst some indoor sector workers. Differing environmental conditions and the various ‘social’ demands of prostitution were linked with both contrasting applications and negative associations of at-work drug effects. Indoor prostitutes use drugs to enhance work performance in the socialising aspect of their interactions with customers, and to counteract boredom. Street prostitutes use drugs to cope with the dangerous environment and harsh working conditions. Negative associations of drug use in indoor sectors were with loss of business acumen while on the street concern was with physical danger. By drawing attention to the range of social contexts in prostitution and showing the flexibility of norms these findings suggest that the health and education needs of prostitutes may vary between sectors and over time.

Frecuencia e intensidad de los miedos en los niños : datos normativos

In the present study we report the findings of a normative fear investigation with a sample of Spanish normal children (ranging in age from 9 to 11 years). We examined the frequency, intensity and content of fear using the Spanish Fear Survey Schedule for Children-Revised (FSSC-R; Ollendick, 1983). The fears reported by the Spanish children were found to be quite similar to those found in American, Australian and British children, and not very different from fears reported by Chinese children. Girls reported significantly higher levels of fearfulness (frequency and intensity) than boys, and both self-reported high levels of intensity and number of fears on the physical danger and death domain. Some significant differences between girls and boys were found on the content of children fears, being small animal fears which best discriminated between girls and boys. Results provide also support for validation of the Spanish version of the FSSC-R.

工作機械作業における動作の認識 ジャイロ兼加速度センサおよびＤＰマッチングを用いたシステム

Skilled human operators can adjust various conditions of manufacturing system and deal with unexpected troubles flexibly and appropriately. However, the operators can possibly fail the adjustment and dealing at times, because of fatigue, carelessness, bad physical condition, etc. The failure may cause some serious delay of the manufacturing processes and even physical danger to the operators. So, an intelligent system for avoiding the failure or warning its signs is desired to improve their working environment. To develop the system, a reliable recognition technique of operator's motion is indispensable. In this research, the recognition system of five kinds of motion in cylindrical grinding machine operation has been investigated by utilizing a small gyro/acceleration sensor and DP matching method. The similarity between the reference motion (standard pattern) and an input motion has been evaluated by the index of DP matching, or the pattern distance. The reference motions have been derived by averaging several typical motion data after time normalization. As the result, to recognize the objective five motions, first, the similarity indices by only angle data should be compared each other. Then, the similarity indices by only acceleration data should be compared, if necessary.

An Oracular Amuletic Decree of Khonsu in the Cleveland Museum of Art

CMA 14.723 (= P. Cleveland 14.723) belongs to the genre of texts known as Oracular Amuletic Decrees, compositions promulgated by deities to protect the wearer from physical and spiritual dangers. Although the surviving corpus is homogeneous in nature and of limited chronological scope, it is part of a larger ‘inoculation programme’ to protect juveniles from childhood diseases, accidents and premature death.

Jerome and the Sham Christians of Rome

This rhetorical question was poseu by Jerome in AD 411 to challenge a young man of good family from Toulouse who was contemplating the responsibilities of monastic life. The old man of Bethlehem wrote on city life with some authority; he had achieved fame and notoriety simultaneously at the court of Pope Damasus in Rome in the 380s.2 And yet, as both men knew well, the moral and physical dangers of the city, the latter resoundingly demonstrated by the Gothic capture of Rome in the previous year, had not prompted the rejection of urban life by western Christians, save by a small and eccentric group of extreme ascetics. Jerome's praise for this group is well known, and his criticism of less committed Christians in Rome is legendary. But when one examines the uniquely vivid testimony of Jerome's letters, one can detect beneath the praise and polemic a vigorous struggle for the support of the city's elite. The social background to the struggle as revealed in Jerome's writings is the subject of this article. What emerges is a complex, contradictory and divided Christian community which Jerome unsuccessfully attempted to influence, a failure that brought final and ignominious exile from Rome.

Gamma‐hydroxybutyrate: an emerging drug of abuse that causes physical dependence

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a compound found in mammalian brain which meets many criteria of a neurotransmitter. GHB has been investigated as a tool for inducing absence (petit mal) seizures, for use as an anesthetic, and for treatment of narcolepsy, alcohol dependence and opiate dependence. Since 1990 GHB has been abused in the United States for euphoric, sedative and anabolic effects. Coma and seizures have been reported following abuse of GHB, but dependence liability has received little attention. The neuropharmacology, potential therapeutic uses and acute adverse effects of GHB are reviewed, followed by a case series of eight people using GHB. Adverse effects of GHB may include prolonged abuse, seizure activity and a withdrawal syndrome. This withdrawal syndrome includes insomnia, anxiety and tremor; withdrawal symptoms resolve in 3-12 days. GHB has the potential to cause a significant incidence of abuse and adverse effects. Prolonged use of high doses may lead to a withdrawal syndrome, which resolves without sequelae. Educational efforts should address the narrow therapeutic index, possible physical dependence and dangers of combining GHB with other drugs of abuse.

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate: an emerging drug of abuse that causes physical dependence

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a compound found in mammalian brain which meets many criteria of a neurotransmitter. GHB has been investigated as a Tool for inducing absence (petit mal) seizures, for use as an anesthetic, and for treatment of narcolepsy, alcohol dependence and opiate dependence. Since 1990 GHB has been abused in the United States for euphoric, sedative and anabolic effects. Coma and seizures have been reported following abuse of GHB, but dependence liability has received little attention. The neuropharmacology, potential therapeutic uses and acute adverse effects of GHB are reviewed, followed by a case series of eight people using GHB. Adverse effects of GHB may include prolonged abuse, seizure activity and a withdrawal syndrome. This withdrawal syndrome includes insomnia, anxiety and tremor; withdrawal symptoms resolve in 3-12 days. GHB has the potential to cause a significant incidence of abuse and adverse effects. Prolonged use of high doses may lead to a withdrawal syndrome, which resolves without sequelae. Educational efforts should address the narrow therapeutic index, possible physical dependence and dangers of combining GHB with other drugs of abuse.