Physical Connectors Research Articles

EcoCharge: Wireless Power Hub for Electric Vehicles

This research paper presents the creation of the "EcoCharge," a cutting-edge wireless charging station designed exclusively for electric cars (EVs). By offering a smooth and eco-friendly charging experience, the system seeks to transform the infrastructure for EV charging. The suggested approach, which makes use of state-of-the-art technology, allows for simple charging in the absence of bulky cables or physical connectors. EcoCharge incorporates cutting-edge wireless power transfer techniques, such resonant or inductive coupling, to guarantee effective energy transmission with a minimum of losses. It also has smart features that optimize charging processes and guarantee compatibility with different EV models and battery sizes. By using dynamic charging algorithms, power management may be made more effective, increasing charging efficiency and cutting down on charging times. The system also places a high priority on sustainability, reducing its negative effects on the environment by using eco-friendly materials and energy-efficient components. Index Terms: Wireless charging station, Electric vehicles (EVs), EcoCharge, Inductive coupling, Charging efficiency.

A dual function conductive nano ink for printed electronics connections

The use of sustainable, multifunctional inks in printed electronics has great utility for various devices, particularly at soft biointerfaces. Here, we discuss the development of a multifunctional nanocomposite ink, termed PS-IO-N ink, designed for applications, principally in the field of flexible and bio-electronics. The ink combines electrically conductive properties with magnetic capabilities, offering a dual-functionality that facilitates both physical and electrical connections. The PSION ink is composed of two main components: poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), a conducting polymer with favorable biocompatibility, and iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles known for their ferromagnetic properties. The ink is formulated as a stable water dispersion, making it eco-friendly and suitable for aqueous processing. Key findings include the optimization of components to balance electrical conductivity and magnetic behavior, allowing the ink to function as both a physical connector and a conductor. The addition of an adhesion promoter enhances the ink's water stability and surface adhesion. The ink's applicability is demonstrated in various scenarios, such as forming flexible circuits on substrates like paper and silk fibroin, creating temporary magnetic connections for electronic devices, and enabling stable connections to sensors for parameter monitoring. The PSION ink provides an innovative solution for flexible and bioelectronic applications, offering the potential for reversible, adaptable connections in both dry and wet environments.

Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging using RFID

Electric vehicle (EV) wireless charging using radio-frequency identification (RFID) is a novel technology that enables the charging of electric vehicles without the need for wires or cables. The technology utilizes RFID tags that are installed on the EV, which communicate with the charging pad through electromagnetic fields. The charging process is initiated when the RFID reader detects the presence of the EV with the installed RFID tag, and the charging pad is activated. The power transfer is then enabled between the charging pad and the EV, allowing for the charging process to begin. RFID-based wireless charging technology offers numerous benefits over traditional wired charging systems. For instance, it eliminates the need for physical connectors, thereby reducing the wear and tear of components and increasing the convenience of charging. Moreover, the technology is more efficient, with minimal energy losses, and reduces the risk of electrical hazards. It also minimizes the impact of weather conditions and road debris on the charging process, making it suitable for both indoor and outdoor charging application. In conclusion, EV wireless charging using RFID is a promising technology that can potentially revolutionize the EV charging industry. It offers numerous benefits, including increased convenience, efficiency, and safety, and has the potential to significantly reduce the environmental impact of transportation.

Wireless Charger for Electric Vehicles

The technology for electric powered automobile wireless charging are reviewed using the method of inductive coupling. WPT is the switch of electrical electricity from the energy supply to a load without using physical connectors. WPT circuitry is located inside the car which gets activated while the vehicle reaches the charging location. The number one coil is supplied from the charging station. Flux is radiated out of the primary coil and receives triggered with secondary coil gift within the Electric vehicle (EV). The induced voltage from secondary coil is then regulated, rectified and used to rate the EV battery. In this mission a miniature version of electric automobile is charged in an powerful way without the use of cables and different plug-in technology. wireless energy transmission is done and control over electromagnetic induction and powerful charging of battery will be carried out.

Battery Powered Inductive Welding System for Electrofusion Joints in Optical Fiber Microducts

Optical fiber microducts are joined together by mechanical joints. These mechanical joints are bulky, require more space per joint, and are prone to air pressure leakage and water seepage during service. A battery powered electrofusion welding system with a resistive-type joint has been recently developed to replace mechanical joints. These resistive-type electrofusion joints require physical connectors for power input. Due to a different installation environment, the power input connectors of resistive optical fiber microduct joints may corrode over time. This corrosion of connectors will eventually cause water seepage or air pressure leakage in the long run. Moreover, due to connector corrosion, resistive-type optical fiber microduct joints cannot be re-heated in future if the need arises. In this study, an inductively coupled electrofusion-type joint was proposed and investigated. This inductive-type electrofusion joint is not prone to long-term corrosion risk, due to the absence of power connectors. Inductive-type electrofusion joints can be re-heated again for resealing or removal in the long run, as no metal part is exposed to the environment. The battery powered inductive welding system can be easily powered with a 38 volts 160 watt-hour battery. The inductive-type electrofusion joint was welded within one second, and passed a 300-newton pull strength test and a 10-bar air pressure leakage test. It was demonstrated that the power input requirement for inductive electrofusion joints is 64% higher than that of resistive electrofusion joints. However, these inductive joints are relatively easy to manufacture, inexpensive, have no air leakage, and no water seepage risk in highly corrosive environments.

Underground housing formation strategies

This paper studied underground residential spaces as one of the most important treatments used since a long time ago until now, and despite the set of obstacles accompanying it, such as increasing costs and special construction treatments required by building, the resulting spaces remain a viable alternative to housing. The research problem is stated as a need for knowledge to determine the morphological formation of the residential underground to enhance its attachment to the surface. To solve such research problem, the most important vocabulary and indicators related to each of the morphology of the underground residential space and the physical links that work to enhance the relationship of the underground residential space with the surface have been investigated and identified. Suitable for housing depending on specialized architectural proposals. A questionnaire was conducted to demonstrate the possibilities of adopting the values of underground residential space morphology and the main element of Physical connectors between the top and bottom and indicating the degree of achievement of value resulting from the theoretical framework. The research founded that the underground residential space was considered fit for housing whenever its connection with the surface was strong depending on the functional, visual and spatial connectors.

PTPσ Controls Presynaptic Organization of Neurotransmitter Release Machinery at Excitatory Synapses

SummaryLeukocyte common antigen-related receptor tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs) are evolutionarily conserved presynaptic organizers. The synaptic role of vertebrate LAR-RPTPs in vivo, however, remains unclear. In the current study, we analyzed the synaptic role of PTPσ using newly generated, single conditional knockout (cKO) mice targeting PTPσ. We found that the number of synapses was reduced in PTPσ cKO cultured neurons in association with impaired excitatory synaptic transmission, abnormal vesicle localization, and abnormal synaptic ultrastructure. Strikingly, loss of presynaptic PTPσ reduced neurotransmitter release prominently at excitatory synapses, concomitant with drastic reductions in excitatory innervations onto postsynaptic target areas in vivo. Furthermore, loss of presynaptic PTPσ in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons had no impact on postsynaptic glutamate receptor responses in subicular pyramidal neurons. Postsynaptic PTPσ deletion had no effect on excitatory synaptic strength. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PTPσ is a bona fide presynaptic adhesion molecule that controls neurotransmitter release and excitatory inputs.

Smart Charging of Electric Vehicle

Transportation through electrical battery-powered cars can facilitate to decreasing fuel expenses and cut back greenhouse gas emissions. Electrified transportation requires a large kind of charging networks to be established during an eco-friendly atmosphere. Wireless electrical battery-powered vehicle charging systems is an identical different technology to charge the electric cars with none plug-in problems. This paper specifies the strategies of Wireless Charging of Electrical Vehicles (WCEV's). The WCEV is taken into account one amongst rising transportation systems during which the EV’s battery is charged through Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) generation. Similarly to in providing an automobile with the specified electricity to recharge the battery of electric vehicle (EV) system has several kinds the most important of them is a wireless charging system that transmits power from transmitter to receiver with none contact. During this project, the technology for electric car wireless charging is reviewed using the technique of inductive coupling. WPT is the transfer of electrical electricity from the power supply to a load without the usage of physical connectors. WPT circuitry is placed within the automobile that receives activated while the car reaches the charging location. The number one coil is supplied from the charging station. Flux is radiated out of the number one coil and link with number two coil present within the Electric vehicle. The voltage which is induced in number two coil is then regulated, then rectified and is used to charge the EV battery.

An Efficient Stable Subassembly Identification Method Towards Assembly Sequence Generation

Attempts have been made to propose stable sub assembly detection using part concatenation method considering permanent and partial stability relations between pair of parts. The stability between pair parts is considered based on surface contacts, assembly mating features and contribution of physical connectors. The proposed method helps in finding possible parallel stable subassemblies during assembly sequence generation in order to achieve economized assembly process.

Modelling and Efficiency-Analysis of Wireless Power Transfer using Magnetic Resonance Coupling

<p>Wireless power transfer (WPT) system has got significant attention in recent years due to its applications in consumer electronics, medical implants and electric vehicles etc. WPT is a promising choice in situations, where the physical connectors can be unreliable and susceptible to failure. The efficiency of WPT system decreasing rapidly with increasing air-gap. Many circuit topologies have been employed to enhance the efficiency of the WPT system. This paper presents the modelling and performance analysis of resonant wireless power transfer (RWPT) system using series-parallel-mixed topology. The power transfer efficiency analysis of the model is investigated via circuit theory. S-parameters have been used for measuring power transfer efficiency. Transient analysis is performed to realize the behavior of voltage and current waveforms using advanced design system (ADS) software. The proposed model is tested with two amplitudes i.e. 100 V peak-to-peak and 110 V peak-to-peak at the same frequency of 365.1 kHz. The overall result shows that the series-parallel-mixed topology model has higher efficiency at low coupling factor (K) for both voltage amplitudes.</p>

Physiomodel - an integrative physiology in Modelica.

Physiomodel (http://www.physiomodel.org) is our reimplementation and extension of an integrative physiological model called HumMod 1.6 (http://www.hummod.org) using our Physiolibrary (http://www.physiolibrary.org). The computer language Modelica is well-suited to exactly formalize integrative physiology. Modelica is an equation-based, and object-oriented language for hybrid ordinary differential equations (http:// www.modelica.org). Almost every physiological term can be defined as a class in this language and can be instantiated as many times as it occurs in the body. Each class has a graphical icon for use in diagrams. These diagrams are self-describing; the Modelica code generated from them is the full representation of the underlying mathematical model. Special Modelica constructs of physical connectors from Physiolibrary allow us to create diagrams that are analogies of electrical circuits with Kirchhoff's laws. As electric currents and electric potentials are connected in electrical domain, so are molar flows and concentrations in the chemical domain; volumetric flows and pressures in the hydraulic domain; flows of heat energy and temperatures in the thermal domain; and changes and amounts of members in the population domain.

Unexpected Sophistication and Complexity of Chemomechanical Control Linkages in Nucleic Acid Motor

Ring-shaped, oligomeric ATPases are essential for a variety of cellular processes ranging from protein and nucleic acid metabolism to organelle transport. A subset of these motor proteins, the hexameric helicases, couple the binding and hydrolysis of ATP to the physical manipulation of nucleic acids to support essential cellular processes such as gene regulation, DNA replication, and DNA repair. How nucleotide turnover is coordinated between six independent motor subunits to generate helicase movement has been a long-standing question in the field. The topological problem of how extended nucleic substrates are loaded into the central pore of a closed hexameric toroid is similarly not well-understood.Using the 300 kDa E. coli Rho protein as a model hexameric RNA/DNA helicase, we have examined these issues through a combined structural and biochemical approach. Models derived from high-resolution crystallographic and solution X-ray scattering data explain in molecular detail how the Rho ring opens and closes in response to substrate binding, how the ATP cycle is coordinated with RNA movement through the motor interior, and why certain helicase families translocate with a preferred directional polarity. We find an unexpectedly rich array of physical connectors that sense the RNA binding status of individual subunits in the motor, and that appear to couple these states to the timing of ATP hydrolysis in a manner that is responsive to the base sequence of the substrate. These studies highlight the physical complexity of hexameric helicases, and suggest that related motor proteins utilize similarly intricate chemomechanical linkage mechanisms.

Roles of the N- and C-Terminal Domains of Mammalian Mitochondrial Initiation Factor 3 in Protein Biosynthesis

Bacterial initiation factor 3 (IF3) is organized into N- and C-domains separated by a linker. Mitochondrial IF3 (IF3mt) has a similar domain organization, although both domains have extensions not found in the bacterial factors. Constructs of the N- and C-domains of IF3mt with and without the connecting linker were prepared. The Kd values for the binding of full-length IF3mt and its C-domain with and without the linker to mitochondrial 28S subunits are 30, 60, and 95 nM, respectively, indicating that much of the ribosome binding interactions are mediated by the C-domain. However, the N-domain binds to 28S subunits with only a 10-fold lower affinity than full-length IF3mt. This observation indicates that the N-domain of IF3mt has significant contacts with the protein-rich small subunit of mammalian mitochondrial ribosomes. The linker also plays a role in modulating the interactions between the 28S subunit and the factor; it is not just a physical connector between the two domains. The presence of the two domains and the linker may optimize the overall affinity of IF3mt for the ribosome. These results are in sharp contrast to observations with Escherichia coli IF3. Removal of the N-domain drastically reduces the activity of IF3mt in the dissociation of mitochondrial 55S ribosomes, although the C-domain itself retains some activity. This residual activity depends significantly on the linker region. The N-domain alone has no effect on the dissociation of ribosomes. Full-length IF3mt reduces the binding of fMet–tRNA to the 28S subunit in the absence of mRNA. Both the C-terminal extension and the linker are required for this effect. IF3mt promotes the formation of a binary complex between IF2mt and fMet–tRNA that may play an important role in mitochondrial protein synthesis. Both domains play a role promoting the formation of this complex.