Physical Conditions Research Articles

Effects Of An Exercise Program On Physical Condition In Cancer Patients In A Community Framework

Effects Of An Exercise Program On Physical Condition In Cancer Patients In A Community Framework

A status digital twin approach for physically monitoring over-and-under excavation in large tunnels

Accurate assessments of over-and-under-excavation volumes during tunnel construction are critical for stability and structural safety. Over-and-under-excavation assessment is typically time-consuming as it is undertaken manually and is prone to inaccuracies that adversely impact quality, safety, and costs. To overcome this problem, a status digital twin (to monitor physical conditions) is developed to assess over-and-under excavation during tunneling, enabling a robust and automated assessment of volumes of earth to be determined. The development of the status digital twin comprises three stages: (1) creating an as-designed building information model and as-built point cloud model; (2) producing an automated status update with newly added data; and (3) calculating the of over-and-under excavation volume by building a Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN). The status digital twin is tested in a large-scale tunnel project to evaluate its feasibility and effectiveness. The average over-and-under excavation thickness is 0.05 m, and the mean error of volume calculation is 4.54 %. The results demonstrate that the status digital twin can accurately assess over-and-under excavation during the construction of large-scale tunnel projects by providing instant feedback concerning over/under excavation, thus enabling quality to be effectively managed and costs to be controlled.

Assessment of heavy metal contamination in the groundwater of Gujarat, India using the Heavy Metal Pollution Index

Groundwater serves as a vital water source for a significant population in the Gujarat region of India. However, substantial contamination from heavy metals, pose a serious threat to human health through various pathways, including drinking water. The rapid industrial and agricultural growth in recent years has exacerbated heavy metal pollution in the state. This study focuses on assessing the heavy metal contamination in the groundwater of Gujarat using the Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI). The research covers the entire state, considering its diverse physical, climatic, topographical, and geographical conditions. The HPI scores obtained from individual studies highlight the extent of pollution caused by heavy metals. The overall findings underscore the severe problem of heavy metal contamination in Gujarat's groundwater and the associated health risks. Various other pollution indicators, including the Heavy Metal Evaluation Index, Degree of Contamination, Metal Index, and Water Pollution Index are discussed as tools to assess contamination levels. These indices compare concentrations of different heavy metals with established limits to determine the pollution level. The goal is to provide valuable insights for investors and policymakers in formulating strategies to manage and reduce heavy metal contamination across the state. Additionally, the paper explores effective, environmentally friendly, and economically viable treatment techniques to remove heavy metals from aquatic systems, safeguarding the environment. By employing pollution indicators and remedial actions, this study aims to guide efforts in mitigating the impact of heavy metal contamination in the groundwater of Gujarat.

Going Underground: Demographics, Services, and Best Practices Endorsed by Practitioners Providing Support for Naturalistic Psychedelic Use

ABSTRACT Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) has shown preliminary efficacy for psychiatric and physical health conditions. Although some people report naturalistic psychedelic use with so-called “underground” practitioners, little is known about PAT that occurs outside of controlled clinical settings or perspectives of these practitioners. We conducted an anonymous online survey of individuals who reported providing psychedelic support services (e.g. trip sitting and/or preparatory/follow-up psychotherapy) in naturalistic settings. We investigated demographics, including education and licensing, details about services provided, and reported client outcomes. Among 107 participants, 40.2% held a full or in-progress license and 44.9% had not obtained a relevant graduate degree. Almost all participants reported pre-screening clients before treatment, offering preparation, integration, and trip-sitting services, and most employed a range of therapeutic modalities, centering primarily on non-directive approaches. Participants reported that clients most commonly consumed psilocybin, and treated numerous conditions, primarily aligning with indications targeted in psychedelic clinical research. Perceptions of clients’ symptom changes were largely positive, although a small proportion reported worsened personality disorder symptoms. Further research delineating client and practitioner perspectives of naturalistic PAT services is warranted, and such work may shed light on the benefits and risks specific to naturalistic PAT as well as inform best practices for practitioners.

Chemical and isotopic composition of rainwater in the eastern Yucatan peninsula, Mexico

Given that rain is the component of precipitation that reaches the surface of the earth, and aiming to contribute to the global efforts of rainwater monitoring, we present information regarding the origin of ions and their relationship with isotopic patterns and the source of moisture for rainwater in the Mexican Caribbean, which not only may be useful for pollution and atmospheric studies, but also for estimating groundwater recharges, understanding dust nuisances, and offering information about water quality for rainwater harvesting. In this paper, we describe the chemical composition of rainwater in terms of major ions, isotopic composition, and the most probable sources of moisture in the Caribbean coastal zone of Mexico, considering the three main climatic seasons in this area. The chemistry of rainwater displayed a noticeable influence from sea-salt spray, land-blown dust, and anthropogenic impacts such as agriculture and biomass burning. We identified the predominant terrestrial origin of calcium, namely anthropogenic contributions of sulfates and nitrates, plus potassium from sea spray and anthropogenic emissions. The local meteoric water line is δ2H = 8.2 δ18O + 13.8 (R² = 0.9601) suggesting enrichment due to evaporative losses, various moisture sources and local climatic effects. Although isotope composition was not different by site, it was by season, as opposed to water chemistry. We conclude that the water chemistry responds to the local conditions of the air column below the clouds, while the isotope composition is influenced by the origin of moisture and the physical conditions in which water evaporates and condenses as well.

Development and Validation of a Tool for VBOI (Virtual Body Ownership Illusion) Level Assessment

Virtual Body Ownership Illusion (Virtual BOI) refers to the perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral changes that occur due to the illusion that a virtual body is one’s own actual body. Recent research has focused on inducing Virtual Body Ownership Illusion (Virtual BOI) using various physical conditions of VR environments such as haptic feedback and 360-degree immersion, among others. The level of Virtual BOI has been recognized as an important factor in VR-based clinical therapy programs where patient immersion is crucial. However, a common issue is the lack of standardized evaluation tools for Virtual BOI, with most experiments relying on ad hoc tools based on experimental conditions or lacking consideration for the physical design elements of VR. This measurement tool was designed to consider the characteristics of recent VR devices, such as haptics and hand tracking, in the design of experiments and questionnaires. The tool is composed of sub-attributes related to VR technology, including Embodiment, Presence, Visuo-tactile, Visuo-proprioceptive, and Visuo-Motor. Based on a review of the existing literature, we hypothesized that the Virtual BOI scores would vary depending on manipulation methods, viewpoints, and haptic conditions. An experiment was conducted with 39 participants, who performed the same task under four different conditions using a virtual hand. Virtual BOI scores were assessed using the evaluation tool developed for this study. The questionnaire underwent CFA, and three items with factor loadings below 0.5 were removed, resulting in a total of 14 items. Each subscale demonstrated high reliability, with Cronbach’s alpha values greater than 0.60. When developing experiments, clinical programs, or VR content related to Virtual BOI, the evaluation tool presented in this study can be used to assess the level of Virtual BOI. Additionally, by considering technological elements such as haptics and hand tracking, VR environments can be designed to enhance the level of Virtual BOI.

ANALYSIS OF COLIFORM BACTERIA IN DUG WELL WATER

In Indonesia, in rural and urban areas, you can find a lot of dug wells, because in general people use a lot of dug wells, because dug wells are relatively easy and cheap to make. However, dug wells have a very high risk of pollution in the form of physical, chemical and biological pollution. Water and health are two things that are interconnected. If the quality of the water consumed by the public is contaminated by coliform bacteria and E coli bacteria, it can cause diseases including diarrhea. This research aims to determine the relationship between the distance of the septic tank and the physical condition of the dug well on the number of coliform bacteria in the dug well water using the Cross Sectional method. Samples were taken using a simple random sampling technique with a total sample of 89 dug wells. The data obtained were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. Univariate analysis. The presence of coliform bacteria was 31.5%, 65.8% absent, septic tank distance did not meet the requirements, 43.8% met the requirements, 56.2%, the physical condition of the dug well met the requirements. 36.0% requirements, 60.0% eligible. Bivariate analysis of septic tank distance obtained a value of 0.000, the physical condition of the dug well had a p value of 0.000. The conclusion was that there was a significant relationship between the distance of the septic tank and the physical condition of the dug well and the presence of coliform bacteria.

Anomalic Quasi-Recurrent Variations of Cosmic Rays in September 2014 – February 2015

An abnormal behavior of galactic cosmic rays in September 2014 – February 2015, manifested in a significant modulation of its flux with a period close to solar rotation, is studied. The state of the solar magnetic field, changes in the parameters of the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field during the specified period are analyzed. The reasons for the occurrence of longitudinal asymmetry in the distribution of galactic cosmic rays in the inner heliosphere are discussed. It has been established that the period under study is divided into two parts with different physical conditions on the Sun. Conclusions have been drawn about the decisive joint influence of sporadic and recurrent events: repeatedly renewable “magnetic traps” created by successive coronal mass ejections from the same longitudinal zone and anomalously expanded polar coronal holes with an enhanced magnetic field.

Climatic significance of clay minerals in Cenozoic marine and lacustrine sediments

Abstract In sediments, clay minerals are mainly detrital. Formed by continental weathering, they are carried by surface transport predominantly by rivers, glaciers and, to a lesser extent, winds to the adjacent sedimentary basins and then are redistributed by oceanic currents. In a sedimentary core, the variability in the clay mineral assemblages reflects either variable physical and chemical weathering conditions in the watershed, typically with a significant link to climatic conditions, or changes in the mineral source, the latter being associated with various transport agents. When different sources are involved, a combination of mineralogical and geochemical proxies allows us to trace the detrital provenance, but they also indirectly provide valuable information on transport pathways and palaeocurrents. This manuscript reviews several examples from the literature and ongoing research on clay mineral variability in marine or lacustrine sedimentary records and interprets them in terms of: (1) climate control at different timescales, from the Neogene to the Quaternary; and (2) transport paths. Examples are selected to review the various clay-derived proxies in existence.

Does Medicare Care About Anxiety: Views of Home Care Social Workers

This study addresses the lack of research on the perceptions of home care social workers as to how the Medicare home health benefit addresses anxiety. The findings are based on interviews of 44 home care social workers from five home health agencies in the New York City area. Four themes emerged. Social workers believe: (1) there is extensive anxiety among Medicare home health beneficiaries; (2) Medicare home health’s mandatory assessment for anxiety is limited and not done by social workers; (3) Medicare home health does not require treatment or coverage of anxiety; (4) the lack of coverage for patients assessed with anxiety creates and exacerbates mental and physical health conditions. Policymakers should modify the Medicare home health benefit to cover anxiety.

Faster ciguatoxin extraction methods for toxicity screening

Ciguatera poisoning (CP) is a severe global public health problem caused by the consumption of seafood products contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs). The growing demand for seafood products requires high-throughput testing for CTX-susceptible seafood, however complex extraction and slow cleanup methods inhibit this goal. Herein, several methods for extracting CTXs from fish tissue were established and compared; these methods are sensitive, specific, and valid while achieving higher sample extraction throughput than currently established protocols. The trial fish material was generated from multiple species, with different physical conditions (wet and freeze-dried tissue), and naturally contaminated with various CTXs (i.e., CTX-1B, CTX-3C, and C-CTX-1), thus ensuring these methods are robust and broadly applicable. The extraction methods used were based on mechanical maceration with acetone or methanol or enzymatic digestion followed by acetone and ethyl acetate extraction. Crude extracts were investigated for CTX-like toxicity using an in vitro mouse neuroblastoma (N2a) cell-based assay (CBA). Among the three methods, there was no significant difference in toxin estimates (p = 0.219, two-way ANOVA), indicating their interchangeability. For speed (> 16 samples/day), accuracy (100%), and CTX analog retention confirmation by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS), the preferred extraction methods were both methanol and enzyme-based. All extraction methods post hoc confirmation of CTX analogs successfully met international seafood market-based CTX contaminant guidance. These methods can drastically increase global CTX screening capabilities and subsequently relieve sample processing bottlenecks, inhibiting environmental and human health-based CTX analysis.

Tarhan method in the chemical properties and determinations of carbonatoblastites

Up to now, in geology/earth science literature, carbonatites (carbonatic rocks) have been accepted as magmatic-origin, rarely seen in nature, depth rocks (plutonic). As a result of our scientific studies (field, petrography, mineralogical etc.), it has been definitely determined that carbonatites are not magmatic-origin intrusion, carbonatic dyke, pegmatitic, stock and lens-type depth rocks. On the other hand, carbonatites develop in the regional dynamothermal Tarhan metamorphism cycle, in the second phase, under the changing physical conditions (P/T) of the Abukuma type reversed regional regressive dynamothermal metamorphism facies and sub-facies, where temperatures are effective compared to the developed pressures (T>P, temperatures have left their mark on metamorphism). The previously existing (pre-exiting) pure-impure primary source rock units, carbonate/limestones and primary source rock units develop within pure-impure marbles, which are metamorphic equivalents of Barrow type regional progressive dynamothermal metamorphism, where pressures are effective compared to temperatures in the first phase of the metamorphism cycle (P>T, pressures mark the metamorphism). They were derived from the rock units in question in solid phase and in-situ (autochthonous where they are). Therefore, carbonatites, which have been known as magmatic-originated depth rocks until today, are metamorphic-originated, rootless, metablastic rock series and derivatives, which are a type of new modern metamorphic rocks. It has been determined that they are carbonatoblastite type metablastic rocks with different primary rocks of origin (pure-impure carbonate/limestone). Up to now, carbonatites have been determined by a very expensive method according to O/C isotope ratios. However, carbonatites accepted to be of magmatic origin correspond to carbonatoblastites of metamorphic origin. Therefore, it has been suggested to apply the Tarhan Method, which is much cheaper and more practical in the determination of carbonatoblastites. According to the Tarhan method, petrographic thin sections are made from pure-impure carbonate/limestone, pure-impure limestones and pure-impure carbonatoblastites. In the polarized light microscope, optical signals/marking of single optical axis minerals (uniax minerals) of different carbonate type minerals in petrographic thin sections of different carbonate rocks are determined (quartz, calcite, calcite-dolomite, dolomite, apatite, nepheline, siderite, aragonite, witherite, stronsionite etc.). Single optical axis rock-forming main minerals of different carbonate origin and other rock-forming main single optical axis silicate minerals (quartz, orthoclase, foid, etc.) found together with the minerals in question often give a single optical axis optically positive (+) sign (ne > no). The petrographic thin section giving optically positive (+) sign shows that the rock sample belonging to it is carbonatoblastite (known as rare carbonatites of magmatic origin) type, 3rd generation metamorphic rock. If the main different carbonate minerals with rock-forming minerals and the main silicate minerals with single optical axis rock-forming minerals found together with them mostly give single optical axis optically negative (-) sign (ne < no), the mentioned petrographic thin sections indicate that they belong to limestone/carbonate which are 1st generation pure-impure primary source rocks of sedimentary origin and 2nd generation pure-impure marbles of metamorphic origin. However, the single optical negative (-) sign of different carbonate type minerals of marbles is much more effective than the optically negative (-) signs of different carbonate minerals that form limestones. As a result; Carbonatoblastic rock series and their derivatives/carbonatoblastites (known as carbonatites, which are rare depth rocks of magmatic origin) generally have a positive (+) sign (ne > no) with a single optical axis. In other words, all carbonate-based carbonatoblast and silicate-based rock-forming main-secondary-trace anhydrous, light-colored, expanding cage/structured, tectosilicate/framework crystalloblast neominerals are generally single-axis positive (+) sign. However, the carbonate-dominated rock-forming main carbonate minerals within the vertical and lateral gradual transition zones of carbonatoblastites and marbles (metamixitic metamorphic transition zone) have a single optical axis with optically negative-positive (±) and optically positive-negative (±) signs.

Comparison of monte carlo tally techniques for dosimetry in a transmission-type X-ray tube.

This study discussed comparing result accuracy and time cost under different tally methods using MCNP6 for a novel transmission X-ray tube which was designed for the Auger electron yield with specific material (eg. iodine). The assessment included photon spectrum, percent depth dose, mass-energy absorption coefficient corresponding to air and water, and figure of merit comparison. The mean energy of in-air phantom was from 41.8 keV (0 mm) to 40.9 keV (100 mm), and the mean energy of in-water phantom was from 41.41 keV (0 mm) to 45.2 keV (100 mm). The specific dose conversion factors based mass-energy absorption coefficient corresponding to different materials was established and the difference was less than 2% for the dose conversion of FMESH comparing to measurement data. FMESH had better figure of merit (FOM) than the F6 tally for the dose parameter assessment, which mean the dose calculation that focused on the superficial region could be assessed with more calculation efficiency by FMESH tally for this novel transmission X-ray tube. The results of this study could help develop treatment planning system (TPS) to quickly obtain the calculated data for phase space data establishment and heterogeneous correction under different physical condition settings.&#xD.

Risk of suicide after hospitalizations due to acute physical health conditions—a cohort study of the Norwegian population

BackgroundIt is well known that individuals recently discharged from psychiatric inpatient care face a high risk of suicide. Severe physical health conditions have also been linked to suicide risk. The risk of suicide following discharge from somatic hospitals is not known for individuals admitted due to acute physical health conditions.MethodsA Cohort study using data from the entire Norwegian population aged 12 years and older from 2008 to 2022 linked with information on health service use and cause of death. We used Cox regression with age as time axis to estimate sex-adjusted hazard ratios of suicide following discharge for ages 12 to 64 years and 65 years and older. We also performed analyses after excluding hospitalizations with indications of concurrent mental disorders, self-harm, or suicide attempts. To assess individual risk, we performed an adapted case-crossover analysis among discharged patients who died from suicide.ResultsA total of 4 632,980 individuals aged 12 to 64 years and 1,469,265 individuals aged 65 years and older were included. Compared to unexposed individuals at similar ages, we found an increased risk of suicide in the first 4 weeks after discharge, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 7.0 (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.9 to 8.3) among those aged 12 to 64 years and 6.8 (95% CI 5.4 to 8.6) among those 65 years and older. In the younger age group, the risk was attenuated, with a HR of 2.4 (95% CI 1.7 to 3.2) after excluding hospitalizations with indications of concurrent mental disorders, self-harm, or suicide attempts. The corresponding HR was 4.8 (95% CI 3.5 to 6.4) among those 65 years and older, declining to 1.9, (1.2 to 3.1) in weeks 5 to 8 and 1.2 (0.7 to 2.2) in weeks 21 to 24. The case-crossover analysis confirmed that individuals 65 years and older were particularly vulnerable.ConclusionsThe heightened risk of suicide following discharge from acute somatic hospitalization, even in the absence of concurrent mental disorders, self-harm, or prior suicide attempts, underscores the critical need for comprehensive mental health and existential support for patients post-discharge.

Application of Electrical Prospecting Methods for Monitoring the Condition of Earth Dam in the Almaty Region of Kazakhstan

This article deals with the issue of diagnostics of the physical condition of earthen dams, taking into account seasonal changes in the water level of hydraulic structures using electrical exploration methods. The simplicity of the method, the accuracy of measurements of geophysical parameters, and the availability of software packages for the processing, interpretation, and visualization were the basis for the choice of method. The method of electrical resistivity and self-potential was chosen. The methodology, technique, technology of field surveys, processing, and geological interpretation of the study results are given. A comparative analysis of the obtained geophysical parameters of seasonal measurements is given. The research results are given in the form of sections of the resistivity model and self-potential isolines.

Final parity rule strengthens consumer protections, improves MH, SUD access

In the first update to the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA) in nearly 10 years, the federal government on Sept. 9 enacted final federal rules to ensure that people with mental health and substance use disorders (SUDs) receive similar insurance coverage for their care as they would for physical health conditions.

The impact of botulinum toxin on the health, physical condition, and mental well-being of individuals suffering from chronic migraines

The impact of botulinum toxin on the health, physical condition, and mental well-being of individuals suffering from chronic migraines

Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Translated Physical Self-Perception Profile among Chinese Breast Cancer Survivor

PurposeTo translate the original English version of Physical Self-Perception Profile into Cantonese Chinese, while considering linguistic and socio-cultural characteristics, and evaluate its psychometric properties among Chinese breast cancer survivors in Hong Kong, China, thus providing a valid, culturally relevant tool for assessing of the physical self-esteem among this population. MethodsThe 30-item Physical Self-Perception Profile was translated into Chinese by the combined translation technique. The psychometric properties of the Cantonese version of the Physical Self-Perception Profile were examined in 292 Hong Kong Chinese breast cancer survivors for internal consistency and test-retest reliability. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to evaluate the structural validity. A panel of 5 experts examined its content validity. The concurrent validity was examined by correlating the Physical Self-Perception Profile and a validated global self-esteem measure. ResultsThe Cantonese version of the Physical Self-Perception Profile demonstrated satisfactory content validity, also satisfactory internal consistency with Cronbach’s α ranging from 0.64 to 0.80, as well as good test-retest reliability, with an intra-class correlation coefficient ranging from 0.77 to 0.81. The confirmatory factor analysis showed a fairly good fit of the four-factor subdomain structure, namely, physical condition, physical strength, body attractiveness and sports competence. The concurrent validity of the Chinese-version Physical Self-Perception Profile was demonstrated by a significant positive correlation between the physical self-worth domain and four subdomains with global self-esteem. In addition, the four subdomains had statistically significant positive correlations with the physical self-worth domain indicating the instrument’s hierarchical structure. ConclusionsThe study translated the Physical Self-Perception Profile from English to Cantonese and demonstrated its desirable psychometric properties among Chinese Hong Kong breast cancer survivors. The linguistical and cultural adaptation of this instrument can serve as a valid and reliable tool for assessing physical self-esteem among breast cancer survivors in Hong Kong, China.

Involvement of public health nurses in supporting mothers after maternity health checkups

Objectives This study aimed to analyze and clarify the role of public health nurses (PHNs) in assisting mothers who need assistance during antenatal checkups.Methods This study was conducted in core city, A. The study participants were PHNs who experienced supporting at least three mothers who required support during maternity health checkups. We interviewed the respondents about their observations, decision points, difficulties in coordination, and other aspects of support. Data were extracted from verbatim transcripts and analyzed inductively.Results Sixteen PHNs participants had an average of 9.3 years of experience. The analysis included 10 categories, 43 subcategories, and four themes. PHNs connected with mothers early depending on the mothers' wants, based on information gathered during the gestational period (theme 1). PHNs make early telephone visits to mothers based on information obtained during the gestational period. If the mother did not respond to the initial visit, the PHNs attempted to establish contact through other means.PHNs carefully observed and assessed mothers' childcare routines and mental and physical conditions (theme 2). To assess the mothers' mental health status, they were interviewed in detail using the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Determining the mother's condition was challenging; therefore, several PHNs conducted multiple visits and repeated the observations to achieve accurate assessments.The PHNs stayed close to their mothers and carefully supported them toward independence while assessing their progress (theme 3). PHNs established trusting relationships with mothers.PHNs served as coordinators in resolving problems and provided ongoing support in cooperation with medical institutions and related organizations (theme 4). The PHNs carefully coordinated consultations and encouraged mothers to consult psychiatrists if appropriate. Conclusion Although PHNs provided attentive care to mothers requiring assistance, difficulties arise in accurately diagnosing postpartum depression and connecting mothers to psychiatric services. Guidelines that standardize the assessment of and responses to mental health issues are required. It is necessary to organize the problems faced by mothers and develop a system of cooperation among various organizations.

The Physics of the Carbon Cycle: About the Origin of CO2 in the Atmosphere

Aims: Examination of the correctness of some assumptions of IPCC regarding climate. Discussion of consequences. Methodology: Explanation of terms used by IPCC and clarification of consequences, identification of prerequisites for the validity/applicability of these terms and scrutiny of their fulfillment under real-world conditions, discussion of consequences. Results: Based on the laws of physics and logic, two central terms used by IPCC, i.e. the fixed "airborne fraction", and the constant "CO2-budget” cannot exist in reality. The first states that about 50 % of the CO2 emitted by humans (the “airborne fraction”) stay in the atmosphere for centuries or longer (the other about 50 % leaving it within maximum a few years), the latter is the maximum value of cumulative net global anthropogenic emissions that is allowed, if global warming should be kept below a given level, for example 2 °C. According to their definition, both values are independent of the temporal distribution of the anthropogenic emissions. But physics speaks against their existence. And also the “Bern Cabon Cycle Model”, used by IPCC as an alternative method to analyze the carbon cycle, cannot be correct, because it is based on incorrect physical boundary conditions. The inadmissibility of the two terms is also supported by observations of the fast decay of 14CO2 after the atomic bomb test stop agreement. Conclusion: If the considerations made here are correct, IPCC's assessment of the sharp increase in CO2 concentration being a consequence of anthropogenic releases implodes. Consequently, the assessment of global warming to be man-made is justified no more, and the necessity to terminate all anthropogenic releases of CO2 for climate protection reasons becomes superfluous. The considerations made here appear to be very reliable, but in view of the far-reaching consequences, a careful review by the scientific community seems to be urgently needed.