Physical Channel Research Articles

Mechanotransduction and epigenetic modulations of chromatin: Role of mechanical signals in gene regulation.

Mechanical forces may be generated within a cell due to tissue stiffness, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the changes (even subtle) in the cell's physical surroundings. These changes of forces impose a mechanical tension within the intracellular protein network (both cytosolic and nuclear). Mechanical tension could be released by a series of protein-protein interactions often facilitated by membrane lipids, lectins and sugar molecules and thus generate a type of signal to drive cellular processes, including cell differentiation, polarity, growth, adhesion, movement, and survival. Recent experimental data have accentuated the molecular mechanism of this mechanical signal transduction pathway, dubbed mechanotransduction. Mechanosensitive proteins in the cell's plasma membrane discern the physical forces and channel the information to the cell interior. Cells respond to the message by altering their cytoskeletal arrangement and directly transmitting the signal to the nucleus through the connection of the cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton before the information despatched to the nucleus by biochemical signaling pathways. Nuclear transmission of the force leads to the activation of chromatin modifiers and modulation of the epigenetic landscape, inducing chromatin reorganizationand gene expression regulation; by the time chemical messengers (transcription factors) arrive into the nucleus. While significant research has been done on the role of mechanotransduction in tumor development and cancer progression/metastasis, the mechanistic basis of force-activated carcinogenesis is still enigmatic. Here, in this review, we have discussed the various cues and molecular connections to better comprehend the cellular mechanotransduction pathway, and we also explored the detailed role of some of the multiple players (proteins and macromolecular complexes) involved in mechanotransduction. Thus, we have described an avenue: how mechanical stress directs the epigenetic modifiers to modulate the epigenome of the cells and how aberrant stress leads to the cancer phenotype.

Numerical modeling of ice control on the Albany River, Ontario, Canada

The Kashechewan First Nation (KFN) community is located on a floodplain of the north branch of the Albany River, on the west coast of James Bay. Each spring, the community faces the uncertain prospect of evacuation due to ice-jam flooding, the most severe of which occurred in 2006. A study was conducted to develop long-term options for reducing the flood risk to the community, which included dams, dykes, pier and weir type ice-control structures, and conveyance channels. This paper presents a numerical model study on the Albany River in Ontario, Canada to develop ice control as a potential means for mitigating ice-jam flooding at the KFN community using the two-dimensional ice dynamics model DynaRICE. A method was developed to simulate pier type ice-control structures within the model such that the physical channel conditions, flow conditions, and combinations of ice control could be evaluated. The model allowed detailed simulation of ice retention, resulting inundation, and the forces on the individual piers. To optimize the design of the piers, including pier spacing, height, and size, various combinations of ice, flow, and pier conditions were simulated. Numerical modeling facilitated a comparative examination of flood risk reduction to the community from the various ice control options.

Channel Semantic Enhancement-Based Emotional Recognition Method Using SCLE-2D-CNN

The existing EEG emotion classification methods have some problems, such as insufficient emotion representation and lack of targeted channel enhancement module due to feature redundancy. To this end, a novel EEG emotion recognition method (SCLE-2D-CNN) combining scaled convolutional layer (SCLs), enhanced channel module and two-dimensional convolutional neural network (2D-CNN) is proposed. Firstly, the time-frequency features of multi-channel EEG emotional signals were extracted by stacking scl layer by layer. Secondly, channel enhancement module is used to reassign different importance to all EEG physical channels. Finally, 2D-CNN was used to obtain deep local spatiotemporal features and complete emotion classification. The experimental results show that the accuracy of SEED data set and F1 are 98.09% and 97.00%, respectively, and the binary classification accuracy of DEAP data set is 98.06% and 96.83%, respectively, which are superior to other comparison methods. The proposed method has a certain application prospect in the recognition of human mental state.

Bistable switch molecule DPACdCl4 showing four physical channels and high phase transition temperature

Multiple switchable physical channels within one material or device, encompassing optical, electrical, thermal, and mechanical pathways, can enable multifunctionality in mechanical-thermal-opto-electronic applications. Achieving integrated encryption and enhanced performance in storage and sensing presents a formidable challenge in the synthesis and functionality of new materials. In an effort to overcome the complexities associated with these multiple physical functions, this study investigates the large-size crystal of DPACdCl4 (DPA=diisopropylammonium), revealing significant features in rare multi-channel switches. This compound demonstrates the ability to switch between "OFF/0" and "ON/1" states in the mechanical-thermal-opto-electronic channels. Consequently, DPACdCl4 possesses four switchable physical channels, characterized by a higher phase transition temperature of 440.7 K and a competitive piezoelectric coefficient of 46 pC/N. Furthermore, solid-state NMR analysis indicates that thermally activated molecular vibrations significantly contribute to its multifunctional switching capabilities.

Educating for a Just World: Empowering K-12 Students as Global Democratic Digital Citizens

Given the incredible growth in online activity since the global pandemic, there is a need for an updated approach to digital citizenship education that positions students as critical designers and producers who use their learning to inform, to support, and to offer opportunities for change in their communities. In this paper, we examine some of the recent conceptualizations of digital citizenship, human rights education, and global citizenship to identify their intersections and move toward the development of a Global Democratic Digital Citizenship framework for K-12 education. We argue that current frameworks target distinct skills and competencies that enable individualistic performance of global and digital citizenship actions but neglect the development of democratic characteristics and the ways in which these are mediated by digital technologies. Students must understand how to engage respectfully with others, make their voice heard, become interculturally intelligent, and act responsibly and democratically online. Citizenship entails participation in representative democracy; therefore, citizenship education must empower youth to actively engage in local and global democratic processes through both physical and digital channels.

A Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm Approach for Silicon Photonics Design

A multi-objective genetic algorithm approach is formulated to optimize the design of silicon-photonics complex circuits with contradicting performance metrics and no closed-form expression for the circuit performance. A case study is the interleaver/deinterleaver circuit which mixes/separates optical signals into/from different physical channels while preserving the wavelength-division-multiplexing specifications. These specifications are given as channel spacing of 50 GHz, channel 3-dB bandwidth of at least 20 GHz, channel free spectral range of 100 GHz, crosstalk of −23 dB or less, and signal dispersion less than 30 ps/nm. The essence of the proposed approach lies in the formulation of the fitness functions and the selection criteria to optimize the values of the three coupling coefficients, which govern the circuit performance, in order to accommodate the contradicting performance metrics of the circuit. The proposed approach achieves the optimal design in an incomparably short period of time when contrasted with the previous tedious design method based on employing Z-transform and visual inspection of the transmission poles and zeros.

РОЗГОРТАННЯ БАГАТОКАНАЛЬНОГО МАРКЕТИНГУ У ЦИФРОВОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ

The article has considered the interaction between a company/brand and consumer in the modern digital environment based on multichannel marketing by identifying the main stages of its development and defining their main characteristics. It has been determined that in the era of digital technologies, there is a fundamental transformation of the concepts of companies/brands’ marketing activities, among which is the emergence of new ways of interaction through online and offline channels. The stages of development of multichannel marketing have been considered according to the criteria of marketing channels of interaction, their integration by both the company and the consumer, and approximate time frames. The main distinctive features of multichannel, cross-channel, and omnichannel marketing as successive stages of development of multichannel marketing have been provided. According to the study results, it has been proposed to consider the characteristics of the identified stages in terms of the technological and ecosystem basis for the development of multichannel marketing, and the transformation of companies/brands’ marketing activities and the consumer journey. The technological basis reflects the development of the Internet, which enables further development of the interaction environment. The ecosystem basis reflects the transformation of the environment as a result of technical and technological means. It has been determined that the transformation of companies’ marketing activities takes place in the following aspects: integration of digital and physical channels into the company’s business model with the construction of relevant business processes, identification of touchpoints, and mapping a customer journey and contact chains, using push and pull marketing, formation of a seamless customer experience along with product/brand promotion. From the consumer’s point of view, the consumer journey is changing from a linear to a looped one, when previous experience and loyalty become the determining factors for decision-making. From the company’s perspective, a successful customer journey should include brand advocacy.

БАГАТОКАНАЛЬНА ВЗАЄМОДІЯ У МАРКЕТИНГОВІЙ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ: ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ ТА ОСНОВНІ ПІДХОДИ

Significant changes in the environment of interaction between companies and consumers caused by the development of the Internet and digital technologies have led to a significant transformation of the theoretical and methodological foundations of modern marketing and the emergence of channel-based marketing. The main stages of channel-based marketing development, which most researchers consider to be the following: Multichannel, Crosschannel, and Omnichannel Marketing, have been investigated. The main differences in the studies of each stage and the gradual expansion of research issues, the scope of issues covered, and the level of generalization have been considered. Some works also highlight Metamarketing as the next stage in the development of Omnichannel Marketing. The main criteria for distinguishing the stages of development of channel-based marketing have been presented. Most researchers cite the development of the Internet and the expansion of its opportunities in terms of use in the marketing activities of companies, the increase in the number of digital and physical channels, approaches to their integration by companies, changes in consumer behaviour and consumer involvement in the marketing activities of companies, and the need to create a seamless customer experience as the main result of Omnichannel Marketing as the determining factors of channel-based marketing development. Based on the results of research analysis, the article has summarised the main approaches to channel-based interaction in modern marketing research, i.e. a conceptual approach, within which certain parameters or criteria for generalisation are developed; an evolutionary approach, which forms an idea of channel-based interaction through its gradual development and application in the companies’ practice; and a bibliometric approach, which reflects the historical retrospective of channel-based marketing. The results obtained reach the basis for comprehension of current research on channelbased interaction, approaches, and methods for further scientific research in this area.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ СУЩНОСТЬ РОЗНИЧНОЙ ТОРГОВЛИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ПЕРЕХОДА К ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКЕ

The article is devoted to the study of the economic essence of retail trade in the digital economy. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that digital transformation is fundamentally chang-ing the retail landscape, posing new challenges to business and opening up opportunities for innovation. This requires expanding the theoretical framework capable of explaining and predicting changes in con-sumer behavior, business models, and competition mechanisms. Regulatory legal acts and scientific pub-lications were used as materials for the study, which consider various aspects of the economic essence of retail trade, its evolution and role in the economy, as well as the impact of digitalization on this industry. The author analyzes the changes taking place in retail trade under the influence of information and com-munication technologies and emphasizes the need to rethink traditional concepts such as value chains, competitive advantages and interaction with consumers. The focus is on the impact of digitalization on the operational mechanisms of the industry, the integration of online and offline channels, as well as the growing role of data and personalization in the business models of retail companies. The author notes that the use of big data, automation and artificial intelligence play a key role in improving the efficiency of retail operations and creating a unique customer experience. The article proposes a new definition of retail, which takes into account the use of both physical and digital channels to optimize supply chains, expand geographical coverage and improve customer experience. This definition reflects a broader range of processes and phenomena occurring in modern retail and offers a new perspective on its role and functions in the digital economy. The proposed study highlights the importance of omnichannel strategies and platform business models, as well as focuses on the strategic importance of personalization of cus-tomer experience. The article concludes that it is necessary to update and expand the conceptual frame-work of retail trade, which will allow for more accurate analysis and forecasting of its development in the context of digital transformation.

Investigating the influence of omnichannel retailing on consumer decision making in the Jordanian market

The present research investigates the use of omnichannel retailing and its influence on the Jordanian market, focusing on four important dimensions: integration, fulfilment, usability, and seamlessness. This study attempts to answer how strategies of omnichannel affect purchase-decisions and satisfaction of customers among students at private universities in Jordan as expectations for integrated purchase experiences that combine physical and digital channels continue to rise. Using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), this study empirically examines the relationships between various dimensions of omnichannel retailing and consumer decision-making. The findings reveal that strong integration across sales channels, fast delivery options, simple interfaces, and seamless transitions significantly enhance consumer decision-making. This underscores the importance of robust infrastructure facilities, dependable information availability options, flexible fulfillment methods, user-friendly interface designs as well as a smooth customer support system which all together make for a great shopping experience. Thus, local retailers are given clear recommendations to invest in current systems by diversifying their delivery alternatives, improving mobile platforms, and using data analytics to match marketing efforts. The main focus of this paper is effective merchandising practices that can help retailers connect with consumers effectively during changing market situations. Moreover, there are several lessons from this research for businesses operating under stiff competition but with the increasing needs of modern-day consumers.

ОМНИКАНАЛЬНОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ КАК КЛЮЧЕВОЙ ПРИОРИТЕТ ЦИФРОВОЙ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ СЕКТОРА B2B ДИСТРИБЬЮЦИИ И СЕРВИСНОГО ОБСЛУЖИВАНИЯ

This paper studies the importance of determining priorities for the digital transformation of business. With new trends and technologies enabling omni-channel digital consumer experiences, B2B dis-tribution and service organizations need to adapt management practices and tools to today's digital environ-ment. This study identifies trends in the digital transformation of organizations in the B2B distribution and service sector. This is achieved by analyzing the current state of the digital transformation of organizations in the B2B distribution and service sector and identifying issues and key priorities in the digital transfor-mation of B2B organizations. The study investigates the organizational and economic relations arising in or-ganizations in the B2B sector. The paper analyzes and systematizes approaches to strategy development for the digital transformation of organizations, revealing that the most important approach for organizations in the B2B distribution and service sector is based on dynamic capabilities. A dedicated approach made it pos-sible to identify the digital technologies for realizing the internal and external capabilities of an organization. The hypothesis of the study is the assumption that with the digital transformation of the economy, omni-channel management has an impact on the efficiency of distribution systems in the B2B distribution and ser-vice sector. The paper shows that the organization of sales using digital technologies is at a low level and this allows us to conclude that there is a lack of integration in product distribution channels. The introduction of omni-channel management in the product distribution system, which allows for seamless interaction with consumers through digital and physical product distribution channels, is proposed as a key area of digital transformation. As a key direction for the digital development of the B2B distribution and service sector, the article proposes omni-channel management as part of the concept of dynamic capabilities allowing for the integration of distribution channels and influencing the external and internal capabilities of the organization.

Performance of NR physical random access channel in the presence of carrier frequency offset in millimeter-wave bands

Performance of NR physical random access channel in the presence of carrier frequency offset in millimeter-wave bands

Orthogonal Delay-Doppler Division Multiplexing (ODDM) Over General Physical Channels

Orthogonal Delay-Doppler Division Multiplexing (ODDM) Over General Physical Channels

Towards Multi-user Access Fairness in Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted Wireless Networks

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) provides additional physical channels to existing wireless network infrastructure and has attracted intensive research attention to enhance the communication capacity and extend additional user accommodation. Existing RIS researches mainly focus on optimizing the physical-layer channel utilization, and have yet to consider the multi-user fairness of the medium access process when involving the RIS channel. This article shows that RIS can lead to severely unbalanced access opportunities among RIS-assisted users and others from the experimental analysis. Specifically, we demonstrate that due to the capture effect and unbalanced receiving rate of management frames, RIS-assisted users can have unfair competitive priorities to normal users without RIS resources. To overcome such unfair access issues, we propose a novel antiunfair algorithm that allows equal access opportunities for all kinds of users in a RIS-assisted network. Specifically, we optimize the management frames' modulation and coding scheme (MCS) selections to fight against unexpected bias to balance the access opportunities. We have conducted an experimental evaluation with a practical RIS system showing that the proposed antiunfair algorithm can significantly alleviate the fairness problem without compromising the network performance.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF ACHIEVABLE BIT RATES IN RIS-ASSISTED MASSIVE MIMO NETWORKS AT 28 GHz BAND

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology is a smart way of controlling the radio signal propagation to improve the capacity and coverage of wireless networks. RIS tunes the phase shifts of the incident signals in a dynamic fashion. Channel modeling is an important aspect in RIS-based mmWave communication for the next-generation wireless networks. However, to achieve maximum benefit from RIS-assisted wireless systems, it is essential to provide accurate channel state information (CSI). But, it is very challenging to get accurate CSI because of large number of RIS elements, their passive nature, and the training overhead involved during the channel estimation. To overcome the higher training overhead, in this article we aimed to take advantage of the correlation and sparsity of channels in RIS-assisted channel estimation. The objective of this work is to propose a simplified channel model for the RIS-assisted physical channel of a massive multi-input-multi-output (mMIMO) wireless communication system and analyze its performance in terms of transmitted powers, MIMO configurations, and achievable bit rates. The simulated results proved that the strategic placement of RIS with optimal phase shifts and optimal MIMO configuration can enhance the maximum achievable rate. The achievable rates of the proposed channel modeling are compared with the existing state-of-the-art methods to prove its efficiency. Also, the combination of mMIMO technology along with RIS-assisted communication provides degrees of freedom in terms of signal coverage, energy consumption, and system complexity.

Artificial Intelligence on Retail Marketing

Abstract- The modern retail sector is characterised by high consumer expectations and a new covenant of data-driven retail experiences. But it is not simple for merchants to create a personalised shopping experience at a scale that is meaningful and relevant. Retailers who can develop their retail channels will distinguish themselves as industry leaders when physical and digital purchase channels merge. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly used in various industries, including retail marketing. With the advent of technology and the growing popularity of e-commerce, retailers have been leveraging AI to improve their marketing efforts and provide a personalized shopping experience for their customers. This paper explores the various applications of AI in retail marketing, including customer segmentation, recommendation systems, and chatbots. We also discuss the benefits and challenges of using AI in retail marketing and the ethical considerations that need to be addressed. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Retail Industry, Customer Segmentation, Ethical Considerations

Radio Frequency Fingerprint Identification for 5G Mobile Devices Using DCTF and Deep Learning.

The fifth-generation (5G) mobile cellular network is vulnerable to various security threats. Radio frequency fingerprint (RFF) identification is an emerging physical layer authentication technique which can be used to detect spoofing and distributed denial of service attacks. In this paper, the performance of RFF identification is studied for 5G mobile phones. The differential constellation trace figure (DCTF) is extracted from the physical random access channel (PRACH) preamble. When the database of all 64 PRACH preambles is available at the gNodeB (gNB), an index-based DCTF identification scheme is proposed, and the classification accuracy reaches 92.78% with a signal-to-noise ratio of 25 dB. Moreover, due to the randomness in the selection of preamble sequences in the random access procedure, when only a portion of the preamble sequences can be trained, a group-based DCTF identification scheme is proposed. The preamble sequences generated from the same root value are grouped together, and the untrained sequences can be identified based on the trained sequences within the same group. The classification accuracy of the group-based scheme is 89.59%. An experimental system has been set up using six 5G mobile phones of three models. The 5G gNB is implemented on the OpenAirInterface platform.

Mobile Marketing in the Art Industry

The rising prevalence of mobile devices has transformed consumer behaviors and created new opportunities for audience engagement through mobile marketing in the art world. However, there has been limited research on implementing effective mobile strategies for art professionals. This study aimed to systematically review mobile techniques over the past five years based on academic literature and industry reports. It analyzed key mobile marketing campaigns from prominent art institutions focusing on approaches like apps, augmented reality, and location-based services. The literature revealed several important findings about mobile marketing effectiveness. According to Pew Research Center data from 2019, 81% of Americans now own smartphones frequently used for internet access, demonstrating widespread mobile access. Studies of apps found those displaying artist portfolios and enabling ticket purchases had high audience engagement. Augmented reality apps providing interactive experiences attracted more first-time museum visitors than non-users. Location services increased nearby gallery foot traffic up to 35% by capitalizing on proximity. Case studies indicate mobile strategies can significantly boost participation when integrated across digital and physical channels through profiles, ticketing, content, and location promotion to spur visits. As a result, mobile technologies may help arts institutions connect with broader demographics in novel ways. However, usability and data privacy must be addressed. The review concluded that mobile techniques are highly impactful for boosting audience involvement, working best as an omni-channel approach across platforms and interactivity. Adopting established mobile marketing best practices is essential for arts professionals and organizations to thrive in today’s digital landscape and engage wider audiences.

LocCams

Unlawful wireless cameras are often hidden to secretly monitor private activities. However, existing methods to detect and localize these cameras are interactively complex or require expensive specialized hardware. In this paper, we present LocCams, an efficient and robust approach for hidden camera detection and localization using only a commodity device (e.g., a smartphone). By analyzing data packets in the wireless local area network, LocCams passively detects hidden cameras based on the packet transmission rate. Camera localization is achieved by identifying whether the physical channel between our detector and the hidden camera is a Line-of-Sight (LOS) propagation path based on the distribution of channel state information subcarriers, and utilizing a feature extraction approach based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model for reliable localization. Our extensive experiments, involving various subjects, cameras, distances, user positions, and room configurations, demonstrate LocCams' effectiveness. Additionally, to evaluate the performance of the method in real life, we use subjects, cameras, and rooms that do not appear in the training set to evaluate the transferability of the model. With an overall accuracy of 95.12% within 30 seconds of detection, LocCams provides robust detection and localization of hidden cameras.

Size spectra of the edaphic fauna of typical Argiudol soils of the Rolling Pampa Region, Argentina.

Soil-dwelling organisms populate the spaces-referred to as interstices-between the litter on the soil surface and the pores in the soil's organo-mineral matrix. These organisms have pivotal roles in soil ecosystem functions, such as the breakdown and decomposition of organic matter, the dispersal of bacterial and fungal spores and biological habitat transformation. These functions, in turn, contribute to broader ecosystem services like carbon and nutrient cycling, soil organic matter regulation and both chemical and physical soil fertility.This study provides morphological data pertaining to a range of soil organism sizes, specifically in Argiudol soils subjected to varying levels of agricultural activity in the Rolling Pampas Region, one of the world's most extensive and fertile plains.The primary focus is on soil microarthropods-namely, Acari (mites) and Collembola (springtails)-with a body width of less than 2 mm. These organisms constitute the majority of life in the intricate soil pore network. Additionally, the study documents species of earthworms (Oligochaeta, Crassiclitelata), recognised as ecosystem engineers for their ability to create physical channels in the soil matrix and to distribute organic matter. Moreover, the study includes measurements of morphological traits of soil-dwelling "macrofauna" (organisms with a body width greater than 2 mm), which are also implicated in various soil ecosystem functions. These include population regulation by apex predators, organic matter decomposition, biogenic structure formation, nutrient mobilisation and herbivory. In this paper, we report both the geographical locations and individual measurements of key morphological traits for over 7,000 specimens, covering a range of soil-dwelling organisms. These include springtails (Entognatha, Collembola), mites (Arachnida, Acari), earthworms (Oligochaeta, Crassiclitellata) and additional soil macrofauna. All specimens were collected from typical Argiudol soils located in three distinct agricultural systems characterised by varying levels of land-use intensity. To our knowledge, no other dataset exists providing this information for the Argentinian Pampas.