Physical Activity Settings Research Articles

Occupational stress in teaching and medical workers and its prevention

In modern conditions, an important task of occupational medicine remains to study the physiological features of the formation of occupational stress with an assessment of the impact of adverse stress factors of varying intensity and duration on the body of pedagogical and medical workers. The study aims to conduct a physiological and hygienic assessment of the resistance to stress and physiological reactions of the employee's body to the effects of neuropsychiatric stress for the scientifically based development of a system of measures aimed at preserving health and optimizing professional activity of pedagogical and medical workers. The authors conducted a hygienic assessment of working conditions in educational institutions of St. Petersburg, lifestyle based on the results of a survey of teachers (a total of 116,256 pieces of information), the health status of teachers according to medical examination data (418 teachers) and questionnaires (346 respondents). Physiological and hygienic studies of the work of nurses, pediatric surgeons and medical workers employed in the covid hospital included a quantitative assessment of stress resistance using a new methodological approach. Specialists examined 130 people, carried out 1194 measurements of psychophysiological indicators. The authors performed static data processing using sets of statistical programs EpiInfo 3.5.2., Statistica 10, Microsoft Excel 2010. Pedagogical and medical workers of intellectual labor with a pronounced component of interpersonal communication revealed a high level of nervous and emotional tension, which correlates with a high degree of reliability with physiological shifts and an indicator of resistance to stress. Specialists conducted a study of the prevalence of chronic diseases among teachers, which revealed the predominance of diseases of the circulatory system in the structure of morbidity, also implemented and tested a set of physical culture and wellness activities. As a result of the data analysis, it was found that insufficient resistance to stress, a low level of physical fitness (fitness) form pronounced changes in the parameters of cardiodynamics in teachers. According to the results of the study, scientists have developed a system of health-saving behavior of pedagogical and medical workers, universal for educational and medical organizations. Limitations. There are quantitative restrictions due to the number of medical staff of the covid hospital. Ethics. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Institute of MT" (Protocol No. 4 of 04/14/2021)

‘He isn’t a teacher. He is our friend’: understanding the challenges and opportunities of conducting ethnographic research with children

ABSTRACT The use of ethnographic approaches to study social settings has been steadily increasing over the last several decades. However, relatively few studies have been conducted with children, particularly in physical activity settings. This dearth of research may be due to the reported challenges of trying to ‘fit in’ in the world of children. This autoethnographic study provides insight into the approach utilised to conduct an ethnographic study with children and to become a ‘friendly adult’ in their world. The original six-month project focused on examining a cohort of 5–8year-old children to try and understand their engagement and relationship with physical culture. The project, conducted at a school in Victoria, utilised a range of ethnographic and child-centred methods to examine children’s engagement in PE and on the playground. This autoethnographic exploration provided the primary author the ability to reflect on and unpack his ethnographic approach to gain a deeper insight into his role in the project. This study investigates the challenges and opportunities that the primary author faced in trying to study the lives of these children. These challenges and opportunities included, embracing and engaging with past experiences; balancing roles as a former teacher; and maintaining a ‘friendly adult’ role. Being accepted into the world of the children required navigating these challenges and using them as opportunities to engage with the children as the gatekeepers of the research. Exploring these challenges and opportunities provided significant insight into how to engage with children in ethnographic research and build trust and rapport. Unpacking this approach through autoethnography provides a guide for future researchers working with children.

Sport and Physical Activity for Positive Youth Development Related to Social and Emotional Learning: Reflections From the Know-Do Gap

Physical activity programs in school and community settings have the potential to foster positive youth development related to social and emotional learning. However, research findings and best practices that promote these outcomes are often not implemented in practice. The field of implementation science can help researchers understand and navigate the barriers to implementing what we know from research into policy and practice (i.e., to bridge the know-do gap). In this paper, after describing positive youth development, social emotional learning, and their application in physical activity settings, I share reflections from my engaged scholarship with the teaching personal and social responsibility model to illustrate ways my collaborators and I have tried to address the know-do gap. Lessons learned about ways that kinesiology researchers can actively support the implementation of our research in society are discussed.

The Provision and Experience of Variety in Physical Activity Settings: A Systematic Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Studies.

Emerging evidence indicates that the provision or experience of "variety" may be an important determinant of physical activity behavior. Variety refers to diverse endeavors, opportunities, or tasks and, in the context of physical activity, has been examined as a feature of an activity or environment (i.e.,variety support) and an experience (i.e.,one's felt experience or perceived variety). The primary aim of our review was to synthesize studies investigating the provision or experience of variety in physical activity settings on health and well-being, behaviors, and motivation. Our secondary aim was to examine quantitative data reporting on different facets of variety in physical activity settings. We conducted a systematic search of five electronic databases (Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Science Direct, MEDLINE, and the Human Kinetics Library) to identify studies providing a quantitative or qualitative assessment of variety in physical activity settings. We identified 5,576 potentially relevant articles to examine. After title and abstract screening (and removal of duplicates), 74 articles remained for full-text screening, from which 28 studies were deemed eligible. Our findings from qualitative and quantitative (experimental and cross-sectional) studies demonstrate that the provision and experience of variety relates to participation and engagement in physical activity, motivation for exercise and physical activity, and well-being outcomes. Our results also indicate that the provision of variety can increase enjoyment, interest (i.e.,motivation), and adherence to a physical activity program. Our findings support the assertion that variety should be considered during planning, implementation, and evaluation of physical activity programs. Additional experimental studies are needed to gain a better understanding of how elements of physical activity and exercise programs, delivery, and environment can be manipulated to increase variety and foster participation in physical activity.

Further thoughts on promoting sustainable behavior change in physical activity settings – comment on Hohberg et al.

In this commentary, I provide some reflections on the target article’s discussion of the role of affect for physical activity promotion. I also offer further thoughts and suggestions on how to promote sustainable behavior change, addressing both conceptual and methodological issues.

The Myth of Average: Active Senior Citizens in the Aomori Prefecture in Japan

Japan is known for the highest life expectancy in the world, but there are regional variations within the country. Aomori, located at the northern tip of Japan’s mainland, is the prefecture characterized by heavy snow in winter and the lowest average life expectancies for women and men. Their short life expectancies have been attributed to excessive sodium intake and physical inactivity. In this short-term reflexive ethnography, I take the postpositivist stance and set up a strawman claim of “all citizens of Aomori Prefecture are physically inactive” in order to falsify it by providing a counter example. The counter example is a community of very senior citizens over 80 years of age who are physically and socially active in playing indoor golf. My purpose in writing this research report is to share an encounter with a unique community through a contextualized physical activity setting and a reflection on issues related to the community’s survival. The theoretical model of physical literacy has informed my observations, conversations, and reflections that are narrated in the impressionist mode. My narrative demonstrates that there are physically active senior citizens in the Aomori Prefecture. Moreover, my interview with an organizer uncovered that the senior golf players were facing challenges to participate in and sustain the golf program in the future.

Age and Gender Differences in Achievement Goal Orientations in Relation to Physical Activity.

Our aim in the study was to examine age and gender differences in achievement goal orientations and their impact on self-reported persistence toward physical activities of middle school, high school, and college students. A total of 1254 students from four middle schools, two high schools, and one university participated in this study. Multiple regression analyses revealed that age, as a continuous variable, had a significant and positive effect on students' mastery-approach goals, performance-approach goals, mastery-avoidance goals, and their persistence toward physical activities. In contrast, the endorsement of performance-avoidance goals was negatively related to students' age. However, no significant gender differences or age-by-gender interactions were found for the four achievement goals. These findings suggest that future investigators should consider age (vs. grade) when examining maturational differences in young people's achievement goal orientation in physical activity settings.

Association between Park Visitation and Physical Activity among Adults in Bangkok, Thailand

Visiting parks regularly can provide multiple health benefits, including increased physical activity levels. However, empirical evidence connecting park visitation and physical activity in urban settings in Southeast Asia remains scarce. This study explores the association between park visitation and physical activity among adults. A cross-sectional study using a survey questionnaire of 585 respondents in Bangkok, Thailand was conducted. Two binomial logistic regressions (odds ratio = ORs, 95% confidence interval = CI) with park visitation and physical activity level as the dependent variables were employed. We found that park visitation was influenced by individual and neighborhood environment correlates. People with a healthy lifestyle and who lived near parks were more likely to visit parks. We also found that park visitation was a strong predictor of physical activity. People who visited parks were almost four times more likely to meet the 2020 WHO global recommendation for physical activity of 150 min of medium and vigorous physical activity per week. The findings suggested that parks and green spaces are important settings for physical activity. The results of this study can inform policymakers on how to plan and design active environments that are conducive to physical activity and health.

“The Challenge Is That Steroids Are So Effective”: A Qualitative Study of Experts’ Views on Strategies to Prevent Men’s Use of Anabolic Steroids

Despite persistent efforts in many countries to prevent the use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and other image and performance-enhancing drugs (IPEDs), very little is known about effective prevention strategies. This study aimed to explore experts’ views on strategies to prevent AAS use in the context of recreational strength training in gyms. The study builds on in-depth interviews with 46 researchers and practitioners from 15 countries, whose main area of expertise is IPED use, prevention and education in physical activity settings (IPED experts). Participants were asked about their views on AAS use prevention and what intervention strategies may be effective in preventing this behavior. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis in accordance with recommendations for this technique. The findings showed that the IPED experts generally agree that some, but not all, instances of AAS use can be prevented through targeted prevention in gyms. They pointed to three key priorities for AAS use prevention in gyms: (1) make the case for drug-free training, (2) promote safe and effective ways to enhance muscularity, and (3) attempt to change the physical and social environment in the gym to make the training milieu less conducive to AAS use. Importantly, however, none of the experts were able to pinpoint any specific behavior change strategies that have proven effective.

A Feasibility Trial for Virtual Administration of the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The Test of Gross Motor Development-3 is one of the most popular assessment tools in physical education and physical activity settings. It is a valid assessment originally designed to administer in-person, but the virtual administration of the assessment has yet to be deemed feasible. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the trial feasibility of virtual data collection using the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 to assess the fundamental motor skills of children with autism spectrum disorder. Most specifically, we report on the design and feasibility of the online assessment process. A total of 22 families of children with autism spectrum disorder participated in the online data collection.

The 3 × 2 achievement goal model and its relation to students’ persistence/effort in college physical activity classes

Objective: This study examined (1) the validity and reliability of the 3 × 2 achievement goal questionnaire (3 × 2 AGQ) in a college physical activity (PA) setting, and (2) relationships between achievement goals and students’ persistence/effort. Methods: Participants were 556 students (M = 20.31 years, SD = 1.34; 305 males; 251 females) enrolled in PA classes at a major university in the southwest U.S. Results: Results indicated that the 3 × 2 AGQ failed to assess six achievement goals as construed in the 3 × 2 model of achievement goals in academic settings. However, it served as a reliable and valid measure assessing task/self-approach, task/self-avoidance, other-approach, and other-avoidance goals in a college PA setting. All except other-avoidance goals were found motivationally beneficial and positively predicted persistence/effort. Conclusions: Instructors are encouraged to figure out how to use their influences and peers’ influences to help students endorse achievement goals that contribute to positive motivation, such as task/self-approach goals.

Employing Immersive Technologies To Develop Fitness-Related Outcomes In Children And Youth: A Scoping Review

Technologies that immerse users in virtual and augmented realities are becoming more common in physical activity and sport settings. Immersive technologies may be an effective tool for developing fitness-related outcomes in children and youth. Purpose: To compile peer-reviewed empirical articles and report on the effectiveness of immersive technologies in developing fitness-related outcomes in children and youth. Methods: Education resources information centre (ERIC), SPORTDiscus, and Child Development & Adolescent Studies databases were searched using keywords for immersive technologies (i.e., augmented reality, virtual reality) and the outcomes of interest (i.e., skill- and health-related components of fitness, physical activity, exercise). Pertinent information from the relevant articles (e.g., study design, findings) was charted and emerging themes were summarized. Results: The database search yielded 19 relevant articles. 15 reported positive effects of immersive technologies on fitness-related outcomes and four articles reported no effect. Charting of these articles revealed considerable variability in the technologies considered to be immersive. Many of the articles used low- or non-immersive technologies such as Xbox Kinect and Nintendo Wii as interventions. Charting also revealed frequent use of immersive technologies in developing skill-related components of fitness in children and youth with motor and cognitive impairments. Articles that studied non-impaired children and youth most often evaluated the effectiveness of immersive technologies in improving daily physical activity behaviours. Charting further revealed a paucity of, and considerable need for research on whether immersive technologies are effective in developing skill-related components of fitness in non-impaired children. Conclusions: Immersive technologies can be effective in developing fitness-related outcomes in children and youth; however, more research is required to evaluate the effectiveness of high and full immersion technologies in developing skill-related components of fitness in non-impaired children and youth.

The Effect Of Teaching Style In Children's Physical Activity Levels Within Structured Physical Activity Settings

Structured physical activity (i.e., physical education or out-of-school movement programs) is the primary method where children start learning movement skills, develop physical fitness, practice healthy habits, and have shown to be quite successful in tackling physical inactivity in children. PURPOSE: This study aims to explore the effect of different teaching styles in physical activity levels among children in structured physical activity settings. METHODS: 35 Preschool and 25 School-age children were each divided into two groups (N = 15 and N = 20, preschool; N = 14 and N = 20, school-age), participating in two 60-minute developmentally appropriate lessons. The first lesson was delivered using a teacher-centered teaching style, while the second lesson used a child-centered approach. Each lesson was composed of a warm-up, physical fitness development, motor skill learning, and activity closure, whereas the equipment and other environmental variables remained the same between the two lessons. Physical activity was measured in step count using an OMRON HJA-308 pedometer, and data were obtained every fifteen minutes. An independent t-test was used to assess teaching styles' effect on overall physical activity and examine gender differences in this sample. RESULTS: Teaching style did not significantly affect physical activity level in preschool children; however, step count was significantly higher in school-aged children when a student-centered teaching style (2115 ± 460 steps vs. 1679 ± 387 steps, P < 0.05) was adopted. School-age boys were significantly more active in a student-centered teaching style (2253 ± 463.5 steps vs. 1635 ± 401 steps, P < 0.05), but the choice of teaching style did not affect school-aged girls' physical activity levels. In contrast, no significant gender differences were observed in preschoolers in both groups. CONCLUSION: While teacher-centered teaching style is still the most common way of delivering instruction in structured physical activity settings today, educators and coaches in the field should be aware not to overuse it. Instead, a comprehensive teaching strategy that includes both teacher and child-centered approaches would be more developmentally appropriate. Supported by the Planning subject for the 13th five year plan of Beijing education sciences (BEAA19045)

P03-04 Perceived and objective indicators of neighbourhood safety and physical activity in early adolescence: a national cohort study

BackgroundThe health benefits of regular physical activity in adolescence are well-documented. Currently, young people in the UK are not achieving recommended levels of physical activity. The neighbourhood environment is a key setting for physical activity in adolescence. Due to lack of financial independence and mobility restrictions, adolescents spend a significant amount of time in their neighbourhood. Feeling unsafe in their neighbourhood may be a potential barrier to physical activity.This study aims to examine associations between objective and subjective measures of neighbourhood safety and physical activity.MethodsParticipants (n = 11,726) came from the Millennium Cohort Study; a nationally representative UK longitudinal birth cohort. At age 11 perceived neighbourhood safety was assessed via questionnaire and the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) crime domain was linked to participant postcode data. At age 14, participants self-reported physical activity and a subsample (n = 4,813) also wore GENEActiv wrist-worn activity monitors for one weekday and one weekend day. Associations between perceived safety, IMD crime and self-reported physical activity were quantified using linear regression models. Zero Inflated Poisson (ZIP) models were used to examine associations with accelerometer-measured physical activity. We adjusted for parental education, family income, ethnicity and season of accelerometer wear. An interaction term for sex was tested to assess whether associations between perceived safety and physical activity differed by sex. Models were also stratified by sex.ResultsFeeling not safe compared to very safe was associated with 0.28 (95% CI -0.50, -0.06) fewer days of self-reported physical activity. However, no association was seen between perceived safety and accelerometer physical activity. Those living in the highest IMD crime areas reported on average 0.31 (95% CI -0.47, -0.15) fewer days of physical activity compared to those living in the lowest crime areas. Individuals living in the highest IMD crime areas achieved 5.56 fewer minutes of daily accelerometer-measured exercise than those in least crime areas.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates consistent associations between perceived safety and objective crime with physical activity levels in adolescence.

Exclusion, inclusion and belonging in mainstream and disability sport: Jack’s story

ABSTRACT Concepts of exclusion and inclusion in sport, physical activity and physical education settings are mostly anchored to discussions about access to and opportunities in physical and social spaces from the perspective of non-disabled adult stakeholders. In this article, we use individual interviews and two creative non-fiction accounts to explore the views of an adult with cerebral palsy (CP), named Jack, who reflects on his embodied experiences of mainstream and CP youth football. This approach enabled us to provide a more nuanced and sophisticated consideration of the exclusion/inclusion dichotomy by centring Jack’s construction of identity and feelings of belonging in the spaces his body inhabited. Particular attention is paid to the interactions and relationships that Jack developed with teammates and coaches, and the (often ableist) constructs of ability that pervade mainstream and CP settings, all of which served to influence Jack’s sense of belonging. We end by encouraging scholars to centre the experiences and amplify the voices of disabled young people, and to consider inclusion as intersubjective experiences associated with feelings of belonging, acceptance and value that are dynamic and in flux. The concept of embodied belonging can help us to move researchers beyond a simple critique of disabling socio-spatial power relations towards the construction of new knowledge that enhances understandings of disability, place, and space.

Improving physical activity behaviors, physical fitness, cardiometabolic and mental health in adolescents - ActTeens Program: A protocol for a randomized controlled trial

This trial aims to investigate the effects of the ActTeens physical activity program, on adolescents’ physical activity level, health-related fitness, cardiometabolic and mental health. The trial will aim to recruit ~140 adolescents (aged 13–14 years). Participants will be randomized into either intervention or control groups. The intervention will be guided by social cognitive theory and self-determination theory and implemented over one school term (24-weeks). The ActTeens Program will include: (1) structured physical activity sessions delivered within physical education, including movement-based games and dynamic stretching warm-ups; resistance training skill development; high-intensity training workouts; and cool-downs; (2) self-monitoring plus goal setting for physical activity by pedometer-smart wearable; and (3) healthy lifestyle guidance (social support) by WhatsApp® messages about healthy eating and regular physical activity for the intervention and parents groups. Study outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 24-weeks from baseline, and 12-months from baseline. Physical activity (accelerometer) is the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes include muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiometabolic profile, and mental health. A process evaluation will be conducted (i.e., recruitment, retention, attendance, and program satisfaction). This project will have the potential to address many questions and debates regarding the implementation of physical activity interventions in low-and- middle-income countries.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05070377. Registered on 7 October 2021.

P125 Online Nutrition Curriculum Improves Middle School Students’ Food, Nutrition, and Physical Activity Practices

<h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the improvement in nutrition, food safety, food resource management, and physical activity practices among youth participating in an online nutrition education series. <h3>Use of Theory or Research</h3> Previous evaluation studies of the goal-oriented EatFit curriculum demonstrated positive behavior change outcomes when delivered in person. Pivoting to remote programming due to the COVID-19 pandemic presented an opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness of an online version of the curriculum. <h3>Target Audience</h3> Middle school students enrolled in the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) in Contra Costa County, California <h3>Program Description</h3> During FFY21, a nutrition educator implemented an online version of the EatFit curriculum. Six lessons were adapted for remote delivery and included activities focused on MyPlate, the nutrition facts label, hydration, fast food, physical activity, and goal setting. Students worked to accomplish their eating and fitness goals each week. The engaging video lessons were delivered asynchronously through a learning management system. To interact with the students the nutrition educator provided each class with a live Zoom introductory and review session. <h3>Evaluation Methods</h3> Students completed an online version of the EFNEP 6th-8th grade pre-post Nutrition Education Survey and provided responses to an open-ended question about the online lessons. Pre-post analyses were completed using the Web-Based Nutrition Education Evaluation and Reporting System (WebNEERS). <h3>Results</h3> In total, 855 students received the online lessons, and 284 students completed the pre-post surveys. The majority of students identified as Hispanic. Differences in the pre-to-post scores indicated improvement in desired behaviors: 88% of students improved their diet quality, 51% improved food safety practices, 49% improved food resource management practices, and 71% improved physical activity practices. Students described specific behaviors they adopted and enjoyable aspects of the online lessons. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The online goal-oriented EatFit lessons provided middle school students with the knowledge and skills to improve their nutrition, food safety, food resource management, and physical activity practices and is an alternative delivery method to consider in post-pandemic programming. <h3>Funding</h3> NIFA

Exploring the Relationships Among Achievement Goal Theory, State Anxiety, and Intentions to Be Physically Active

Background: Participating in physical activity has been shown to reduce symptoms of anxiety, but the reasoning behind this explanation has not been well-established in the literature. Previous research on this topic has identified low confidence as a possible reason for anxiety in physical activity. Therefore, Achievement Goal Theory (AGT) could be one framework to help better understand this phenomenon. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the interrelationships among AGT constructs (goal orientations and perceived motivational climate), state anxiety, and intentions to be physically active. Study Design: After IRB approval, a sample of 531 participants (73.3% female) was engaged from a large public university in the Southeastern United States. Setting: The consenting individuals completed questionnaires related to the hypothesized construct. The range of ages of the participants was 18 to 36 years with a mean of 20.71 years. Data were collected late on in the semester after a perceived motivational climate was established. Materials and Methods: Participants completed the following questionnaires: the Achievement Goal Questionnaire for Sport, competence valuation items from Elliot et al. (2000), perceived competence items from Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI), Perceived Motivational Climate Questionnaire in Physical Activity Settings, adapted anxiety scale from Thill and Curry (2000), Chatzisarantis and colleagues’ (1997) three items, and Godin and Shephard’s (1985) Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire. Statistics: Descriptive statistics were run first and then correlations were run among all continuous variables. Following the correlations, two blocked regressions were evaluated examining achievement goals and then perceived climate’s influence on state anxiety. Results: There was a negative relationship between state anxiety and the following constructs: perceived competence, intent, mastery-approach goals, and climate. Positive relationships existed between state anxiety and the avoidance referencing and performance-approach goals and climate. Additionally, adopting mastery-approach goals were found to be negative predictors of anxiety. From these results, AGT may be a suitable framework to explain why some individuals experience anxiety in physical activity settings. Conclusion: Adopting avoidance-valanced goals are linked with more state anxiety and lower intentions. Fostering a mastery-approach climate can result in low anxiety and lead to adherence to the activity. Because of this, teachers and coaches should promote a mastery-approach climate.

519-P: “What Can I Eat?” Healthy Choices for American Indians and Alaska Natives with T2D: Randomized Wait-List Controlled Trial Outcomes from a Nutrition Diabetes Education Program

“What Can I Eat? (WCIE) Healthy Choices for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) with T2D” is a 5-lesson diabetes nutrition education program culturally adapted for AI/ANs with T2D. Classes were taught synchronously via Zoom at 5 reservation-based or urban inter-tribal clinical sites nationwide in 2021. Classes were taught by registered dietitian nutritionists (RDN) and topics included the diabetes plate, sugar sweetened beverages, heart healthy choices, food label reading. Class activities included didactic sessions, hands-on interactive learning, physical activity, mindful eating, and goal setting. Participants were recruited through diabetes registries at each collaborating site and randomized to either the immediate or the wait list group. The former group started classes immediately upon randomization; the latter started classes 3 months after randomization. Participants (N=58) were AI/AN adults with T2D (baseline data: mean age 58.6 +/-11.1 years, 26% male; BMI 33.8 (+/- 7.1)) . Before participation, each enrollee received a “class kit” including class activity resources and tools to collect evaluation data (i.e., scale, A1C kit, blood pressure monitor, and paper impact surveys) . Classes 1-4 were taught weekly for 4 weeks; the 5th class was taught 3 months after class #1. Data were collected at 3 timepoints: baseline, 1 month (after class 4) and 3 month (after class 5) . Outcomes included diabetes self-efficacy, behavior (physical activity and diet) , and clinical measures (BMI, blood pressure, A1c) . Linear mixed models were used to assess intervention effects on changes in outcome measures from baseline. No significant changes from pre to post were observed in behavior or clinical outcomes. Compared to the wait list group, the immediate group had greater increase in self-efficacy for using the diabetes plate at 1 and 3 months (ps&amp;lt;0.01) and for making healthy food choices at 1 month (p=0.047) . Disclosure K.R.Moore: Consultant; Novo Nordisk. D.Pavli: None. H.Pontius: None. J.Yanson: None. L.Jiang: None. Ai/an wcie study group: n/a. S.A.Stotz: n/a. A.G.Brega: None. M.C.Mcnulty: None. I.Adedoyin: None. G.Austin: None. N.Couture: None. H.Garrow: None. N.O'banion: None. Funding American Diabetes Association (4-18-SMSC-01)

Climate change and physical activity: ambient temperature and urban trail use in Texas

Individuals in the USA are insufficiently active, increasing their chronic disease risk. Extreme temperatures may reduce physical activity due to thermal discomfort. Cooler climate studies have suggested climate change may have a net positive effect on physical activity, yet research gaps remain for warmer climates and within-day physical activity patterns. We determined the association between ambient temperatures (contemporary and projected) and urban trail use in a humid subtropical climate. At a trail in Austin, TX, five electronic counters recorded hourly pedestrian and cyclist counts in 2019. Weather data were acquired from World Weather Online. Generalized additive models estimated the association between temperature and trail counts. We then combined the estimated exposure–response relation with weather projections from climate models for intermediate (RCP4.5) and high (RCP8.5) emissions scenarios by NASA NEX-GDDP. From summer to autumn to spring to winter, hourly trail counts shifted from bimodal (mid-morning and early-evening peaks) to one mid-day peak. Pedestrians were more likely to use the trail between 7 and 27 °C (45–81°F) with peak use at 17 °C (63°F) and cyclists between 15 and 33 °C (59–91°F) with peak use at 27 °C (81°F) than at temperature extremes. A net decrease in trail use was estimated by 2041–2060 (RCP4.5: pedestrians = − 4.5%, cyclists = − 1.1%; RCP8.5: pedestrians = − 6.6%, cyclists = − 1.6%) and 2081–2100 (RCP4.5: pedestrians = − 7.5%, cyclists = − 1.9%; RCP8.5: pedestrians = − 16%, cyclists = − 4.5%). Results suggest climate change may reduce trail use. We recommend interventions for thermal comfort at settings for physical activity.