Physical Activity Score Research Articles

GREATER PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT OFFER PROTECTION AGAINST COGNITIVE DECLINE OVER TIME

Abstract Evidence suggests that physical activity and social engagement in later life are associated with a less pronounced and reduced risk of cognitive decline over time; however, findings are mixed and knowledge concerning the effect of these factors on cognitive functioning in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is underdeveloped. To enhance understanding, we extracted data from eight waves (2004-2018) of the Health and Retirement Study and used hierarchical linear mixed models to investigate the impact of physical activity and social engagement on cognitive functioning in Americans aged 60 years and older with MCI (n=1462). The average cognitive score (sum of immediate and delayed word recall, serial seven subtraction test, counting backwards, range: 0 to 27) at baseline was 9.6, which decreased by 0.14 points each year. Each unit increase in physical activity (weighted sum of light, moderate, vigorous activity; range: 9 to 45) and social engagement (measure capturing social visits, volunteerism, religious participation; range: 0 to 3) reduced the effect of time on cognitive functioning by 0.01 (β=0.007, p<.0001) and 0.04 (β=0.040, p<.0001) points, respectively, while simultaneously controlling for APOE genotype and other covariates. This means, for example, that the cognitive score of someone with a physical activity score of 40 was, on average, 3.1 points higher than someone with a physical activity score of 10 after 16 years of follow-up. Findings suggest that greater physical activity and social engagement offer protection against cognitive decline and could minimize MCI progression among older adults experiencing MCI.

Diet and physical activity as risk-reducing factors for hidradenitis suppurativa.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a multifactorial inflammatory skin disease that is considered to be an immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID). Up till now, the impact of lifestyle on (the development of) HS has not been thoroughly investigated. To investigate the effect of dietary intake and physical activity (PA) on (the development of) HS. A nested case-control study was performed within the longitudinal Lifelines Cohort Study, that took place in the Northern Netherlands, and identified 1004 adult eligible HS patients and 5000 age-matched controls. Dietary data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire, subsequently translated to the Lifelines Diet Score (LLDS), alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMED) and Dutch Dietary Guidelines score (DDG), with higher scores reflecting healthier dietary habits. PA was measured by the Short Questionnaire to Assess Health-enhancing PA score. Logistic regression analyses were performed between dietary/PA scores, and the prevalence/development and severity of HS. Compared to controls, HS patients scored lower on the LLDS [OR = 0.98; 95% CI 0.96-0.99], aMED [0.93; 0.89-0.97] and DDG [0.93; 0.88-0.97] with multivariable regression analysis. Overall, this indicates less adherence to dietary recommendations and consumption of a low-quality diet in the HS population. Lower adherence to the LLDS and DDG was also significantly associated with a higher likelihood to HS development in univariable regression analysis [0.96; 0.94-0.99 and 0.91; 0.84-0.99, respectively], and a trend of decreased adherence to the aMED [0.93; 0.85-1.02] was noted. Besides, PA levels were found significantly lower in HS patients (p ≤ 0.001). Poor diet quality and lower quantities of PA were associated with HS in the general population. Identifying dietary and PA habits of HS patients can contribute to the development of prevention strategies for HS specifically, and for IMIDs in general.

Children's Attraction to Physical Activity and Its Relation to Physical Activity Level.

Understanding of psychosocial factors of physical activity (PA) in children is crucial in encouraging sustained PA, which in turn is associated with important health outcomes. This study aimed to examine how children's attraction to physical activity (CAPA) is associated with PA. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 219 primary school children (105 boys; 114 girls) aged 7 years old-10 years old in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 2016-2017. Children from three main ethnicities, namely Malay, Chinese and Indian, were recruited. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured; body composition was assessed by deuterium dilution technique. CAPA and level of PA were obtained through self-administered questionnaires and reported as CAPA and PA scores. Median CAPA and PA scores were 3.40 (Q1 = 3.00, Q3 = 3.80) and 2.31 (Q1 = 1.95, Q3 = 2.74), respectively. Significant gender differences were found in CAPA and PA scores, with boys being more attracted to PA (3.16 [Q1 = 2.90, Q3 = 3.44]; P = 0.001) and more physically active compared with girls (2.47 [Q1 = 2.07, Q3 = 3.07]; P = 0.001). CAPA and PA scores correlated positively in both sexes. Boys scored higher than girls in 'liking of games and sports' (ρ = 0.301, P = 0.002) and 'liking of vigorous PA' (ρ = 0.227, P = 0.02) CAPA subscales, which also correlated positively with PA scores. Girls' PA scores correlated with 'peer acceptance in games and sports' (ρ = 0.329, P < 0.001). Boys are more physically active and have higher attraction to PA compared with girls. Differences in PA scores between the sexes were related to gender differences in CAPA scores. Thus, attention should be given to gender differences in CAPA related psychosocial factors when planning interventions to promote PA among children.

Physical activity, locomotor capacity and body mass index of persons with lower limb amputation

Objective: To describe physical activity, demographic characteristics, clinical conditions, and body mass index, as well as to compare the scores of physical activity and levels of independence and functionality according to amputation level in persons with lower limb amputations. Method: The study included 70 individuals with lower limb amputation. The following instruments were applied: a) Record to characterize the participants, b) the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities (PASIPD), and c) the Functional Measure for Amputees Questionnaire (FMA). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, and results with p-value less than or equal to 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Study participants had higher scores on Leisure, energy expenditure of 26.93 MET h/d, and had a good score on the Locomotor Capabilities Index. Conclusion: Study participants were physically active, as well as having fewer limitations and restrictions in relation to the ability to move. Evidently, the score of physical activity is associated with better mobility levels. Body mass index was not correlated with physical activity in this study.

Cross-cultural Adaptation of the Activity Questionnaire for Adults and Adolescents into Turkish and Investigation of its Validity and Reliability

Objective: The Activity Questionnaire for Adults and Adolescents (AQuAA) is used to evaluate physical activity (PA) levels in different age groups. Its validity and reliability in the Turkish language have not been studied yet. This study aims to adapt the AQuAA into Turkish and to investigate its validity and reliability. Methods: A total of 124 volunteers were included in the study. After the Turkish adaptation of AQuAA, the AQuAA-Tr version was administered to the volunteers for test-retest reliability twice, with an interval of two weeks, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) for criterion validity. For construct validity, the step counts of the volunteers were followed for two weeks with the Samsung Health® smartphone pedometer application. The reliability of the AQuAA-Tr was evaluated with intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Spearman correlation coefficients (r) were used to analyze the relationships between continuous variables. Results: A total of 72 adolescents (51 females and 21 males, mean age 14.5 ± 0.1 years) and 52 young adults (32 females and 20 males, mean age 25.8 ± 1.3 years) participated in the test-retest reliability and criterion validity study. Thirty-four adolescents (26 female, 8 male, mean age 14.7 ± 0.2 years) and 39 young adults (27 female, 12 male, mean age 25.6 ± 1.5 years) were included in the construct validity study. The test-retest reliability of the questionnaire was in the range of strong to very strong (ICC = 0.704 to 0.982) in adolescents and moderate to strong (ICC = 0.606 to 0.851) in adults for different levels of PA. In the context of the criterion validity, although there were moderate to strong correlations (r = 0.413 to 0.768) between some PA levels of the IPAQ-SF and AQuAA-Tr in adolescents and moderate correlations (r = 0.422 to 0.525) in adults, the correlations were mostly weak or negligible. In relation to construct validity, although there were moderate correlations (r = 0.435 to 0.504) between the Samsung Health® data and some PA levels of the AQuAA-Tr in adults, the correlations were mostly weak or negligible. There were no correlations between the Samsung Health® data and AQuAA-Tr in adolescents. Conclusion: The reliability of the AQuAA-Tr was confirmed in both adolescents and adults. However, the criterion and construct validity of the AQuAA-Tr were not confirmed for either adolescents or adults. Introducing a PA questionnaire, which can provide detailed information about sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous PA scores separately and total PA scores and allows the evaluation of PA in different categories, into our language is considered beneficial. Yet, the results of AQuAA-Tr should be interpreted carefully in the clinic.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Activity among Mostly Older, Overweight Black Women Living in the Rural Alabama Black Belt.

Despite well-documented global declines in physical activity (PA) during the COVID-19 pandemic, little is known regarding the specific impact among underserved, rural Alabama counties. This is concerning as this region was already disproportionately burdened by inactivity and related chronic diseases and was among the hardest hit by COVID-19. Thus, the current study examined the effect of COVID-19 on PA in four rural Alabama counties. An ancillary survey was administered between March 2020 and August 2021 to the first cohort (N = 171) of participants enrolled in a larger PA trial. Main outcomes of this survey included the perceived impact of COVID-19 on PA, leisure-time PA, and social cognitive theory (SCT) constructs at 3 months. Almost half of the participants reported being less active during the pandemic (49.7%) and endorsed that COVID-19 made PA more difficult (47.4%), citing concerns such as getting sick from exercising outside of the home (70.4%) and discomfort wearing a face mask while exercising (58%). Perceived COVID-19 impact on PA was significantly associated with education, household dependents, and gender (p's < 0.05). More women, parents, and college graduates reported that the COVID-19 pandemic made PA more difficult. Overall, there were no significant associations between PA, SCT constructs, or perceived COVID-19 impact on PA scores at 3 months. While the pandemic made PA difficult for many participants, these barriers were not associated with leisure-time PA levels or related theoretical mechanisms of action, which bodes well for the success of our ongoing intervention efforts and the resiliency of these communities.

The effectiveness of child and adolescent sports engagement in China: an analysis of China’s results for the 2016–2022 Global Matrix report cards on physical activity

China strives to become a leading sports nation. Through implemented policies and programs, Chinese children and adolescents have shown notable advancements and improvements in their engagement in physical activity in recent years, indicating an overall positive trend. However, some indicators exhibit a concerning “inversion phenomenon”. This study utilizes data from three surveys conducted between 2016 and 2022 by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance. By comparing current ratings with those from 2016 and 2018, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, significant obstacles in promoting physical activity and health among Chinese children and adolescents are revealed, with persistently low scores. The 2022 Global Matrix 4.0 report ranks Chinese children and adolescents 53rd out of 57 surveyed countries, with an overall average physical activity score of D. Similarly, the average score for sources of influence ranks at 53rd. Consequently, the establishment of an integrated school, family, and social sports promotion mechanism, led by the government, becomes an imperative prerequisite for enhancing the levels of physical activity and overall health among children and adolescents.

Wearable Activity Trackers That Motivate Women to Increase Physical Activity: Mixed Methods Study.

Physical inactivity is a significant public health concern, particularly among women in the United States. Wearable activity trackers (WATs) have been proposed as a potential solution to increase awareness of and engagement in physical activity (PA). However, to be effective, WATs must include features and designs that encourage daily use. This study aims to explore the features and designs of WATs that appeal to women and determine whether devices with these attributes are effective motivators for women to be physically active. A mixed methods study guided by the self-determination theory was conducted among 15 women. Participants trialed 3 WATs with influence in their respective accessory domains: Apple Watch for the wrist; Oura Ring for the finger; and Bellabeat Leaf Urban for multiple sites (it can be worn as a bracelet, necklace, or clip). Participants documented their daily PA levels and rated their satisfaction with each device's comfort, features, and motivational effect. Focus groups were also conducted to gather additional feedback and experiences within the a priori areas of comfort, features, and motivation. Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 scores indicated that most participants (14/15, 93%) were motivated at baseline (amotivation score: mean 0.13, SD 0.45), but on average, participants did not meet the national minimum PA guidelines according to the self-reported Physical Activity Vital Sign questionnaire (moderate to vigorous PA score: mean 144, SD 97.5 min/wk). Mean WAT wear time was 16.9 (SD 4.4) hours, 19.4 (SD 5.3) hours, and 20.4 (SD 4.7) hours for Apple Watch, Bellabeat Leaf Urban, and Oura Ring, respectively. During focus groups, participants reinforced their quantitative ratings and rankings of the WATs based on personal experiences. Participants shared a variety of both activity-related and non-activity-related features that they look for in a motivating device. When considering what the ideal WAT would be for a woman, participants suggested features of (1) comfort, (2) extended battery life, (3) durability, (4) immediate PA feedback, (5) intuitive PA sensing, and (6) programmability. This study is the first to specifically address women's experiences with and preferences for different types of WATs. Those who work with women should realize how they view WATs and the role they play in motivation to be active.

Characterization of trajectories of physical activity and cigarette smoking from early adolescence to adulthood

BackgroundCigarette smoking and physical inactivity are two critical risk factors for noncommunicable diseases and all-cause mortality. However, few studies have compared the long-term trajectories of both behaviors, as well as multilevel factors associated with trajectory patterns. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) Wave I through V survey data, this study characterized distinct subgroups of the population sharing similar behavioral patterns from adolescence to adulthood, as well as predictors of subgroup membership for physical activity (PA) and cigarette smoking behavior respectively.MethodsUsing the Add Health Wave I through V survey data, we identified the optimal number of latent classes and class-specific trajectories of PA and cigarette smoking from early adolescence to adulthood, fitting latent growth mixture models with standardized PA score and past 30-day cigarette smoking intensity as outcome measures and age as a continuous time variable. Associations of baseline sociodemographic factors, neighborhood characteristics, and sociopsychological factors with trajectory class membership were assessed using multinomial logistic regression.ResultsWe identified three distinct subgroups of non-linear PA trajectories in the study population: moderately active group (N = 1067, 5%), persistently inactive group (N = 14,257, 69%) and worsening activity group (N = 5410, 26%). Foror cigarette smoking, we identified three distinct non-linear trajectory subgroups: persistent non-smoker (N = 14,939, 72%), gradual quitter (N = 2357, 11%), and progressing smoker (N = 3393, 16%). Sex, race/ethnicity, neighborhood environment and perceived peer support during adolescence were significant predictors of both physical activity and cigarette smoking trajectory subgroup membership from early adolescence to adulthood.ConclusionsThere are three distinct subgroups of individuals sharing similar PA and cigarette smoking behavioral profile respectively from adolescence to adulthood in the Add Health study population. Behavioral interventions that focus on neighborhood environment (e.g. establish community-based activity center) and relationship to peers during adolescence (e.g. peer counseling) could be key to long-term PA promotion and cigarette smoking cessation.

Assessment of quality of life and physical activity in patients with oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis in remission.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate physical activity (PA) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children with oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in remission in comparison with healthy peers and to determine the disease-related factors affecting PA levels. This study was conducted with 50 oligoarticular JIA patients in remission and 50 healthy peers between 9 and 14years. Demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and treatments were noted from electronic medical records. HRQOL was assessed with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). PA was evaluated with the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C). Oligoarticular JIA patients had significantly lower self-reported median PedsQL scores in the domains of school functioning and social functioning compared to the control group (67.5 (10) vs. 75 (25), p = 0.001 and 70 (15) vs. 85 (26.3), p < 0.001, respectively). The median PAQ-C score was 2.6 (1.1) in patients with JIA and 3 (0.9) in their healthy peers (p = 0.02). The PAQ-C score was 2.8 (1.2) in patients < 8years at the disease onset and 2.3 (1) in those aged ≥ 8years (p = 0.022). There was no significant difference in the number of affected joints, type of affected joint, MTX and biologic agent treatment, and remission with or without drugs with the total score of the PedsQL and PAQ-C. All PedsQL domains were positively correlated with the PAQ-C. Conclusion: Oligoarticular JIA patients demonstrated lower PA and HRQOL scores compared to healthy controls despite favorable disease control. What is Known: • Oligoarticular JIA has fewer functional limitations and disabilities compared to other JIA subtypes. • As JIA can affect all aspects of a child's life, there is a need to improve the quality of life related to the disease. What is New: • It should be considered that patients with oligoarticular JIA may show lower PA and HRQOL scores compared to healthy controls despite favorable disease control. • Since there may be a relationship between PA and HRQOL, factors that may affect PA should be investigated to provide a holistic approach to JIA treatment.

Arthroereisis with a Talar Screw in Symptomatic Flexible Flatfoot in Children

Background: Pes planovalgus, or flexible flatfoot, deformity is a common problem in pediatric orthopedic patients. There is no consensus on using the technique of arthroereisis in the treatment of symptomatic pes planovalgus. The aim of our study was to prospectively assess the functional outcomes following symptomatic pes planovalgus treatment with the use of the Spherus talar screw. Methods: Twenty-seven patients (11 females, 16 males), at a mean age of 10.5 years (7–14 years) were included in the prospective study. We assessed the level of physical activity (including sports) based on the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) activity scale, a 10-point level-of-activity VAS scale, and the Grimby physical activity scale. Pain was assessed based on a VAS pain scale; foot function was assessed with the revised Foot Function Index (FFI-R); and ankle joint mobility was measured. Results: The mean follow-up period was 18 months (14–26 months). There was a significant improvement in VAS-measured physical activity scores from 5.47 to 7 at follow-up, p = 0.048. There was a significant improvement in UCLA activity scale scores from 4.78 to 6.05 at follow-up, p = 0.045. Pain levels decreased from a mean VAS score of 4.73 prior to surgery to a mean score of 2.73 at follow-up, p = 0.047. The functional FFI-R scores showed a significant improvement from 140 points prior to surgery to 97.75 points at follow-up, p = 0.017. Comparison of the preoperative and follow-up values of the range of plantar flexion, adduction, and abduction in the operated limb also showed no significant changes in those individual parameters. The mean values of dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, adduction, and abduction at the ankle joint at follow-up, compared individually between the operated and non-operated foot showed no statistically significant differences. Conclusions: The use of a talar screw in the treatment of symptomatic pes planovalgus helps reduce pain and improve functional outcomes after treatment. Foot function assessments showed diminished pain, improved levels of physical and sport activity, and no effect on the range of motion after surgery in comparison with preoperative data. Arthroereisis with a talar screw is a valid surgical technique for the treatment of symptomatic pes planovalgus.

Relationship between telomere shortening and early subjective depressive symptoms and cognitive complaints in older adults

AbstractBackgroundTelomere length (TL) has been reported to be associated with depression and cognitive impairment in elderly. Early detection of depression and cognitive impairment is important to delay disease progression. Therefore, we aimed to identify whether TL is associated with early subjective depressive symptoms and cognitive complaints among healthy elderly subjects.MethodThis study was a multicenter, outcome assessor‐blinded, 24‐week, randomized controlled trial (RCT). Measurement of questionnaire and physical activity scores and blood sample analyses were performed at baseline and after six months of follow‐up in all study participants. Linear regression analyses were performed to identify whether early subjective depressive symptoms, cognitive complaints, and several blood biomarkers are associated with TL.ResultAltogether, 137 relatively healthy elderly individuals (60‐79 years old) were enrolled in this prospective RCT. We observed an approximate decrease of 0.06 and 0.11−0.14 kbps of TL per one point increase in the geriatric depression scale and cognitive complaint interview scores, respectively, at baseline and after six months of follow‐up. We also found an approximate decrease of 0.08−0.09 kbps of TL per one point increase in interleukin (IL)‐6 levels at baseline and after six months of follow‐up.ConclusionOur study showed that both early subjective depressive symptoms and cognitive complaints were associated with a relatively shorter TL in relatively healthy elderly individuals. In addition, based on our findings, we believe that IL‐6 plays an important role in the relationship between shortening TL and early subjective depressive symptoms and cognitive complaints.

Effect of mobile-assisted education on health promoting lifestyle and blood sugar of women with gestational diabetes: a randomised controlled trial

BackgroundThe gestational diabetes causes complications for the mother and the baby.MethodsIt was a randomised controlled trial that was conducted in Public Health Center No 1 in Baghmalek, Khuzestan province, Iran....

The relationship between physical activity level and balance parameters, muscle strength, fear of falling in patients with hypertension.

The number of studies investigating the role of physical activity and exercise in hypertension (HT) patients is insufficient in the literature, and reports evaluating the relationship between HT, physical activity, and balance are lacking. This study aims to examine the relationship between physical activity levels and balance parameters, muscle strength, and fear of falling in patients with HT. 78 subjects with HT participated in this study. Demographic and clinical characteristics of all participants were recorded. Blood pressure was evaluated using a sphygmomanometer, physical activity level was assessed using a SenseWear Armband, fear of falling was assessed using the Fall Efficacy Scale, balance was assessed using the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale, and muscle strength was evaluated using a digital handheld dynamometer. All 78 subjects completed the study as planned. The average age of participants was 57.75 ± 5.82, the mean systolic blood pressure was 133 ± 5.73, and the diastolic blood pressure was 84 ± 6.78. 34.2% of participants used angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, 38% used beta blockers, and 26% used diuretic drugs. A positive correlation between physical activity and balance scores of individuals with HT was found (P < .005). It was also found that low muscle strength was associated with balance and risk of falling (P < .005). There is a positive correlation between decreased physical activity levels and balance in participants with HT. The results suggest that people with HT who have poor balance also have decreased muscle strength against gravity, such as in the quadriceps femoris and gluteus maximus. Overall, we recommend that patients with HT should improve their physical activity levels.

Preliminary Effects of Aerobic Exercise, Training Dose, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Resting Plasma Neurotrophic Factors in Alzheimer’s Dementia in the FIT‐AD Trial

AbstractBackgroundVascular factors are increasingly recognized for their roles in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer’s dementia (AD). Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), a physiologic indicator of cardiovascular health, and plasma neurotrophic factors, endogenous soluble proteins in the periphery, have been linked to cognition, brain structure and function, and AD and are modifiable by aerobic exercise (AEx), but their interplay remains poorly understood. The objective of this pilot study was to estimate the effect sizes of 6‐month AEx on resting plasma neurotrophic factors and the relationships of CRF and exercise dose with change in resting plasma neurotrophic factors in AD.MethodThis study was a pilot blood ancillary study of the FIT‐AD Trial that randomized participants to 6‐month AEx or stretching control on a 2:1 allocation ratio. The blood study enrolled 26 participants (AEx Group [n = 18] and stretching control [n = 8]). Resting plasma brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), irisin, fibroblast growth factor‐21 (FGF‐21], and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), and CRF (peak oxygen consumption) were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Exercise dose was calculated by the heart rate physical activity score (HRPAS) method.ResultThe sample was 77.6±6.99 years of age and had 15.4±3.00 years of education on average. Sixty‐five percent of the participants were male and 96.2% carried at least one copy of APOE e4. Most 6‐month between‐group effect sizes were small except for irisin (d = ‐0.44), indicating that the irisin levels decreased in the AEx group relative to stretching control. The association between exercise dose and changes in CRF with changes in neurotrophic biomarker were weak (r2 ≤ 0.025).ConclusionThe effects of exercise on BDNF, irisin, IGF‐1, and FGF‐21 may be heterogeneous in AD. Weak associations of exercise dose and CRF changes with changes in resting neurotrophic biomarkers were seen. There were weak associations of exercise dose and CRF changes with changes in resting neurotrophic biomarkers. Our findings need to be validated in future, adequately powered exercise studies in AD.

Relationship between Baseline Physical Activity and Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder Treatment Outcomes.

Generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder often benefit from medication and psychotherapy. Our aim was to determine whether a correlation exists between patient baseline physical activity and response to treatment. This was a retrospective study that included adult patients with anxiety and depression who received outpatient care for their conditions by providers in the Department of Psychiatry and Psychology of the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida. Statistical analyses were used to analyze whether Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity scores as a measure of baseline exercise correlated to changes in Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores or Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7-item scale (GAD-7) scores during treatment for anxiety or depression. Factors including age, sex, smoking status, and caffeine intake also were analyzed. When comparing change in GAD-7 or PHQ-9 scores from baseline to follow-up during treatment for anxiety or depression, there was no significant difference based on Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity scores. Caffeine intake had a direct correlation with PHQ-9 scores from baseline to 12 to 24 weeks but no correlation with GAD-7 scores. Overall, the amount of physical activity a patient participates in before anxiety or depression treatment does not appear to affect improvement outcomes. Caffeine intake may improve depression severity scores; however, further research is needed to assess whether this could be a part of future treatment plans.

한국 초기 성인의 팬데믹 이후 건강증진행위 영향요인 분석

This study identifies the level of post-pandemic health promotion behaviors among young adults in South Korea and the influence of social network service(SNS) addiction tendency and time management skills. Data were collected through an online survey from September to October 2022. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0. The participants’ health promotion behaviors were moderate, with the highest scores in personal hygiene and the lowest scores in diet and physical activity. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that Model 1, which includes general characteristics, explains 28.3% of post-pandemic health promotion behaviors; Model 2, which also includes SNS addiction tendency, explains 36.3%; and Model 3, which also includes time management ability, explains 50.6%. In conclusion, SNS addiction tendency and time management skills significantly affect young adults’ post-pandemic health promotion behaviors, and health promotion programs that include healthy SNS use and time management skills should be developed.

Questionnaire-based scoring system for screening moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in middle-aged Japanese workers.

Currently available questionnaires have limited ability to measure physical activity (PA) using accelerometers as a gold standard. This study aimed to develop a PA questionnaire for middle-aged Japanese workers and propose a PA scoring system for predicting low moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). A total of 428 participants (median age 49years; 75.8% men) participated in a 7-day PA measurement using an accelerometer and a questionnaire. The association between questionnaire responses and low MVPA (<150min/wk) was assessed by logistic regression analysis. A score was assigned to each response based on the correlation coefficients of the multivariate model. The ability of the sum score to predict low MVPA was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Five questionnaire items were used for measuring PA scores (range: 0-50; higher scores indicated a higher probability of low MVPA). The AUC was 0.741 (95% CI, 0.689-0.792), and the sensitivity and specificity at the optimal cut-off value were 66.7% and 68.2%, respectively. This predictive ability was slightly increased by body mass index (AUC 0.745 [95% CI, 0.693-0.796]; sensitivity 69.9%; specificity 66.9%). These predictive values were greater than those of conventional questionnaires used in health checkups in Japan (P < .05). This questionnaire-based PA scoring system showed moderate accuracy in predicting low MVPA. It is useful for screening physically inactive workers and promoting PA.

Effects of virtual interventions based on the theory of planned behavior to improve obesity-preventive lifestyle among girls, during COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundAdolescence is a critical period for the spread of obesity and overweight. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of an educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on promoting obesity-related behaviors in overweight female students in Gachsaran.Methodsthis quasi-experimental study was conducted on 90 female students of the first secondary school in the form of two intervention and control groups. Information related to nutritional status and the structures of the theory of planned behavior were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability have been confirmed. The educational intervention was carried out during five virtual training sessions. The data obtained three months after the intervention were analyzed using SPSS statistical software, version 20, using independent t-tests, paired t-tests, and equivalent non-parametric tests.ResultsThe present study showed that the scores of the constructs of awareness, perceived behavior control, subjective norms, intention, and nutritional behaviors were significantly improved after the intervention (p < 0.001). The results of the Mann-Whitney test showed that the two intervention and control groups did not have a significant difference in terms of the average overall physical activity score after the intervention (p = 0.078).ConclusionThe results of the present study showed that training based on the theory of planned behavior in the conditions of COVID-19 disease and in a virtual form had an effect on nutritional behavior but could not increase physical activity behavior in adolescents with weight loss.

Relationship between physical activity and who assist scores in substance addiction clients at the addiction Polyclinic of Prof Ngoerah General Hospital Denpasar

Drug abuse which includes narcotic, psychotropic, and addictive substances can affect the central nervous system function. Substances are often abused because of the pleasurable and calming effects of their use. Physical activity is said to have the potential as an adjunct therapy for substance addiction disorders. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between physical activity and WHO ASSIST scores in substance addiction clients. This study used a cross-sectional design on substance addiction clients undergoing treatment at the Addiction Polyclinic of Prof Ngoerah General Hospital Denpasar. Physical activity score checks were conducted using GPAQ questionnaires and WHO ASSIST scores. Data collection to patients as research subjects was carried out after obtaining informed consent. After data collected, the next stages was data analysis using SPSS, with descriptive statistical analysis, normality test and spearman correlation test. From 30 samples, an average GPAQ score of 2099.33 ± 2225.32 was obtained. The average WHO ASSIST score for each substance was highest in tobacco 15.57 ± 8.98 and lowest in hallucinogen 0.70 ± 1.664.