Physical Activity Recall Research Articles

Variations in adolescents\u2019 motivational characteristics across gender and physical activity patterns: A latent class analysis approach

BackgroundNeglecting to take account of the underlying context or type of physical activity (PA) that underpins overall involvement has resulted in a limited understanding of adolescents’ PA participation. The purpose of the present research was to identify male and female adolescents’ leisure time PA patterns and examine whether psychological processes derived from self-determination theory differ as a function of the pattern of PA undertaken.MethodsNine hundred ninety-five students (61.2% females, 38.8% males; M age = 13.72 years, SD = 1.25) from eight secondary schools in Dublin, Ireland completed a physical activity recall 7 day diary and measures of intrinsic motivation, competence, relatedness, autonomy and autonomy support. Based on the diary five binary indicators of physical activity were derived reflecting recommended levels of MVPA on a minimum of 3 days, at least three sessions of non-organized physical activity (e.g. jog), team sport, individual sport, and organized non-sport physical activity (e.g. dance). Latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups of adolescents that engaged in similar patterns of physical activity. Profiles of physical activity participation were subsequently compared on motivational characteristics using Kruskal-Wallis tests.ResultsLatent class analysis revealed six distinct classes for girls (Organized Run/Swim & Dance/Gym; Organized Dance; Leisure Active Team Sport; Active Individual Sport; Walk/Run/Outdoor games; Non-Participation) and five for boys (Leisure Active Gym; Leisure Active Individual Sport; Active Team Sport; Active Mixed Type; Non-Participation). Significant differences were found between the classes. Girls characterized by participation in team or individual sport, and boys represented by team sport participation demonstrated significantly higher self-determined motivational characteristics relative to other profiles of physical activity.ConclusionThis research offers a nuanced insight into the underlying type of activities that constitute overall patterns of PA among adolescent boys and girls and further reveals that psychological processes vary dependent on the profile of physical activity undertaken. The findings may be useful for informing interventions aimed at promoting physical activity among young people.

Calibration of Self-Report Measures of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior.

Calibration equations offer potential to improve the accuracy and utility of self-report measures of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) by rescaling potentially biased estimates. The present study evaluates calibration models designed to estimate PA and SB in a representative sample of adults from the Physical Activity Measurement Study. Participants in the Physical Activity Measurement Study project completed replicate single-day trials that involved wearing a Sensewear armband (SWA) monitor for 24 h followed by a telephone administered 24-h PA recall (PAR). Comprehensive statistical model selection and validation procedures were used to develop and test separate calibration models designed to predict objectively measured SB and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) from self-reported PAR data. Equivalence testing was used to evaluate the equivalence of the model-predicted values with the objective measures in a separate holdout sample. The final prediction model for both SB and MVPA included reported time spent in SB and MVPA, as well as terms capturing sex, age, education, and body mass index. Cross-validation analyses on an independent sample exhibited high correlations with observed SB (r = 0.72) and MVPA (r = 0.75). Equivalence testing demonstrated that the model-predicted values were statistically equivalent to the corresponding objective values for both SB and MVPA. The results demonstrate that simple regression models can be used to statistically adjust for overestimation or underestimation in self-report measures among different segments of the population. The models produced group estimates from the PAR that were statistically equivalent to the observed time spent in SB and MVPA obtained from the objective SWA monitor; however, additional work is needed to correct for estimates of individual behavior.

Longitudinal associations of away-from-home eating, snacking, screen time, and physical activity behaviors with cardiometabolic risk factors among Chinese children and their parents

Background: Little is known about intergenerational differences in associations of urbanization-related lifestyle behaviors with cardiometabolic risk factors in children and their parents in rapidly urbanizing China.Objective: We tested the intergenerational differences in longitudinal associations of away-from-home eating, snacking, screen time, and leisure-time sports with high waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), elevated blood pressure (BP), elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) among Chinese children and their parents.Design: We studied children enrolled in the longitudinal China Health and Nutrition Survey (1991-2009, 7 surveys) aged 7-17 y in ≥2 surveys (average follow-up: 2.3 surveys out of a possible 4 surveys with the age restriction; n = 3875, including 1175 siblings) and their parents (2947 mothers, 2632 fathers) living in the same household. We used 3 consecutive interviewer-administered 24-h dietary recalls to derive a 3-d average for away-from-home eating (nonconsumer, >0 and <1 meal/d, or ≥1 meals/d) and consumption of fruit or vegetable snacks (any or none) and other snacks (any or none) and a self-reported 7-d physical activity recall for screen time (≤1, >1 and ≤2, or >2 h/d) and leisure-time sports (any or none). Random-effects logistic regression was used to examine the associations of lagged (average: 3 y) behaviors with cardiometabolic risk factors (WHtR, BP, HbA1c, and CRP).Results: We detected intergenerational differences in associations between lagged behaviors and risk factors (P-interaction < 0.1). Generation-specific models showed that lagged away-from-home eating of ≥1 meal/d (compared with none) was negatively associated with parents' high WHtR (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.88) but positively associated with children's high WHtR (OR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.12). Lagged fruit and vegetable snack consumption was negatively related to parents' (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.97) and children's (OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.33, 1.00) high WHtR. Lagged screen time (>2 compared with ≤1 h/d) was positively associated with parents' (OR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.56, 4.28) and children's high WHtR (OR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.06, 4.83).Conclusion: Parent-offspring differences in associations between lifestyle behaviors and cardiometabolic risk factors provide insight into intergenerational differences in cardiometabolic risk with urbanization.

Cardiovascular Stress During Inpatient Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation

Objectives(1) To measure the amount of cardiovascular stress, self-reported physical activity, and accelerometry-measured physical activity by individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) during physical therapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT); and (2) to investigate the relations between these measures. DesignObservational study. SettingTwo inpatient SCI rehabilitation centers. ParticipantsPatients with SCI (N=87) were recruited from consecutive admissions to rehabilitation. InterventionsNot applicable. Main Outcome MeasuresHeart rate was recorded by a Holter monitor, whereas physical activity was captured by self-report (Physical Activity Recall Assessment for People with SCI questionnaire) and real-time wrist accelerometry during a total of 334 PT and OT inpatient sessions. Differences between individuals with paraplegia and tetraplegia were assessed via Mann-Whitney U tests. Spearman correlations were used to explore the relation between measurements of physical activity and heart rate. ResultsTime spent at a heart rate within a cardiovascular training zone (≥40% heart rate reserve) was low and did not exceed a median of 5 minutes. In contrast, individuals reported at least 60 minutes of higher-intensity time during therapy. There was a low but statistically significant correlation between all measures. ConclusionsThe cardiovascular stress incurred by individuals with SCI during inpatient PT and OT sessions is low and not sufficient to obtain a cardiovascular training effect to optimize their neurologic, cardiovascular, or musculoskeletal health; this represents a lost opportunity to maximize rehabilitation. Self-reported minutes of higher-intensity physical activity do not reflect actual time spent at a higher intensity measured objectively via a heart rate monitor.

Design and Evaluation of a Computer-Based 24-Hour Physical Activity Recall (cpar24) Instrument.

BackgroundWidespread access to the Internet and an increasing number of Internet users offers the opportunity of using Web-based recalls to collect detailed physical activity data in epidemiologic studies.ObjectiveThe aim of this investigation was to evaluate the validity and reliability of a computer-based 24-hour physical activity recall (cpar24) instrument with respect to the recalled 24-h period.MethodsA random sample of 67 German residents aged 22 to 70 years was instructed to wear an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer for 3 days. Accelerometer counts per min were used to classify activities as sedentary (<100 counts per min), light (100-1951 counts per min), and moderate to vigorous (≥1952 counts per min). On day 3, participants were also requested to specify the type, intensity, timing, and context of all activities performed during day 2 using the cpar24. Using metabolic equivalent of task (MET), the cpar24 activities were classified as sedentary (<1.5 MET), light (1.5-2.9 MET), and moderate to vigorous (≥3.0 MET). The cpar24 was administered twice at a 3-h interval. The Spearman correlation coefficient (r) was used as primary measure of concurrent validity and test-retest reliability.ResultsAs compared with accelerometry, the cpar24 underestimated light activity by −123 min (median difference, P difference <.001) and overestimated moderate to vigorous activity by 89 min (P difference <.001). By comparison, time spent sedentary assessed by the 2 methods was similar (median difference=+7 min, P difference=.39). There was modest agreement between the cpar24 and accelerometry regarding sedentary (r=.54), light (r=.46), and moderate to vigorous (r=.50) activities. Reliability analyses revealed modest to high intraclass correlation coefficients for sedentary (r=.75), light (r=.65), and moderate to vigorous (r=.92) activities and no statistically significant differences between replicate cpar24 measurements (median difference for sedentary activities=+10 min, for light activities=−5 min, for moderate to vigorous activities=0 min, all P difference ≥.60).ConclusionThese data show that the cpar24 is a valid and reproducible Web-based measure of physical activity in adults.

Exploring The Link Between Exercise Identity And Intervention Dosage

Adolescent overweight and obesity in the United States has increased in past decades, resulting in numerous physiological and psychological consequences. Obesity interventions often aim to increase physical activity (PA). Such interventions may strengthen Exercise Identity (EI). A strong EI has been positively related to long-term PA engagement, as individuals seek to engage in behaviors congruent with the role identity of “exerciser.” Greater dosage of PA intervention may progressively increase EI, and enhance future exercise behavior. However, the relationship between PA intervention dosage and EI in an overweight and obese adolescent population is unclear. PURPOSE: To determine if a PA intervention, when delivered in varying dosages, may strengthen an overweight or obese adolescent’s EI. METHODS: Fifty overweight and obese adolescents (age=14.16 ± 1.88 years, BMI=35.66 ± 7.87 kg/m2, BMI percentile=97.5% ± 3.7%) were recruited from a behavior change summer camp, which included a PA intervention component. Age, gender, height, and weight were collected, and BMI was calculated. The participants were categorized into three separate groups, according to length of PA intervention (dosage): 3 week PA dosage, 4-5 week PA dosage, and 6-7 week PA dosage. Participants completed the Anderson Exercise Identity Scale and 3 Day Physical Activity Recall (3DPAR) at pre- and post-intervention. Group comparisons of EI were made using two-way ANOVA. Changes in vigorous physical activity (VPA) within groups were calculated using Log-Rank, Kaplan-Meier, and Wilcoxon. Activities on the 3DPAR were categorized and coded to compare exercise behavior within groups. RESULTS: Upon comparison, the mean EI in the 6-7 week intervention group significantly differed from other group means and resulted in a significant increase in EI within groups (p<0.001). All intervention groups demonstrated significant increases in VPA (p<0.05), and complied with National PA Guidelines of 60+ minutes of MVPA daily; VPA performed on at least 3 days/week. CONCLUSION: Exercise Identity may be increased in overweight and obese adolescents following a physical activity intervention. Greater dosage of physical activity intervention will result in greater benefits to Exercise Identity, and may ultimately enhance long-term exercise behavior.

Evaluating Measures of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Suitable for Large Epidemiologic Studies

PURPOSE: Questionnaires typically used in epidemiologic studies to assess habitual physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) are imprecise and do not assess the full spectrum of daily activities. This has limited our understanding of how these behaviors affect health. Thus, we tested two more precise and comprehensive measures, an accelerometer and an internet-based 24-hour recall (ACT24), as well as a questionnaire (Q). METHODS: Adults (50-70 y) enrolled in a 12-month study that included 3 criterion measures: PA energy expenditure (PAEE) measured by doubly labeled water (DLW), and two 7-d activPAL measures of active and sedentary time (A/ST). They also completed a 20-item past year Q about PA and ST (twice), an ACT24 recall of PA and ST every 2 months, and wore an ActiGraph (AG) on the waist twice for 7-d. AG equations (Freedson, Sasaki, Crouter 2-regression, Lyden machine learning [Soj3x]) were used to estimate PAEE. A/ST was quantified via Crouter, Soj3x and two cut-points (100 vertical axis [100VA]; 200 vector magnitude [200VM]). Accuracy was evaluated as % difference from the mean of the criterion values, while correlations between the true criterion and each test instrument were also calculated. RESULTS: Among those with DLW or activPAL measures, mean age and BMI was 63 y and 23.8 kg/m2. Mean criterion values were: DLW PAEE (747 kcal/d, n=689) and activPAL A/ST (6.0/9.8 hrs/d, n=932). Accuracy in assessing PAEE was similar for the Q and ACT24 (-12% vs. 10%), but accuracy was lower for the Q than ACT24 for estimating A/ST (-48%/-18% vs. 3%/1%). Among AG measures, Crouter was most accurate for PAEE (-6%), while 100VA was most accurate for A/ST (1%/2%). Strength of the correlations for PAEE and A/ST were relatively consistent within each measure, but correlations were lower for Q (r=0.28-0.41), higher for ACT24 (r=0.63-0.73) and highest for AG Soj3x (r=0.72-0.77). Correlations for the other AG measures (r=0.61-0.75) were similar to ACT24. Results did not vary greatly by sex, but all correlations for Q and ACT24 were lower for obese participants. CONCLUSION: ACT24 and AG measures of PA and ST were more accurate and had higher correlations than Q, suggesting that use of these more comprehensive measures in future epidemiologic studies could yield new etiologic discoveries, possibly leading to new intervention opportunities.

Physical Activity Levels in Individuals with Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes.

Purpose: The literature on physical activity (PA) in adults with cystic fibrosis, particularly in those with cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD), is limited. PA may be an important part of blood glucose management in CFRD. The purpose of this study was to describe PA levels in adults with CFRD and determine their adherence to the Canadian Diabetes Association (CDA) aerobic exercise training guidelines. Methods: Adults with CFRD were recruited from a hospital-based CF clinic. PA was measured using the Seven-Day Physical Activity Recall (telephone interview), adherence to CFRD management with the Self-Care Inventory-Revised (questionnaire), and blood glucose control from glycated hemoglobin levels documented in participants' medical chart within 3 months. Results: Eighteen adults (mean age 41 [SD 9] y) with diagnosed CFRD participated in the study. They varied in volume of PA (range 13,080-17,362 metabolic equivalent min/wk). Of the study participants, 12 (67%) met the CDA guidelines of 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous PA per week with no more than 2 consecutive days without exercise. No differences were found in clinical factors between those who met the aerobic exercise guidelines and those who did not. Conclusion: The majority of individuals with CFRD are meeting the recommended amount of aerobic PA. The factors influencing PA and blood glucose control in adults with CFRD require further investigation.

Household Support for Physical Activity in Adolescent Girls Recruited from Lower SES Neighborhoods

Tangible (e.g. adult facilitation) and intangible (e.g. encouragement) forms of support for physical activity engagement could be an important contributor of physical activity engagement for adolescent girls from low socioeconomic status (SES) households. However, limited research has examined associations between household support and physical activity in this population. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the perception of household support and physical activity levels of adolescent girls recruited from low SES neighborhoods. METHODS: Thirty-six girls, between the ages of 13-17 years, were recruited from lower SES neighborhoods. A trained researcher took participants’ height and weight and administered two questionnaires to assess: (1) household support for physical activity (including support from the adult in the household the participant perceived themselves as being closest with and each additional adult in the household); and (2) minutes per day in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (using the 3-Day Physical Activity Recall). Participants also reported their perception of barriers and facilitators of physical activity. RESULTS: Participants (N=36; 60% non-Hispanic black) had a median age of 14.9 [13.8, 15.9] and median BMI percentile of 90.5 [58.5, 97.0]. Total support (r=0.221; p=0.224), tangible support (r=0.126; p=0.492), and intangible support (r=0.197; p=0.174) from the closest adult in the household was positively associated with physical activity but these results were not statistically significant (adjusted for age, BMI, and race/ethnicity). There were significant negative associations between BMI and both total adult household support for physical activity (r=-0.514; p=0.001) and the support provided by the closest adult in the household (r=-0.553; p<0.001). The most frequently reported facilitator of physical activity was support from family and friends (n=15; 42%). CONCLUSIONS: While household support for physical activity was not significantly associated with measured physical activity, there was a significant negative association between BMI and household support for physical activity. This suggests adolescents with a higher BMI receive less support for physical activity, which may warrant further investigation.

ADAPTAÇÃO TRANSCULTURAL DO QUESTIONÁRIO THREE DAY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY RECALL

RESUMO Introdução: Diversos são os instrumentos que mensuram atividade física no Brasil. Um deles é o Three Day Physical Activity Recall, porém, até o momento, nenhuma ferramenta foi submetida à adaptação transcultural. Objetivo: Descrever os procedimentos e critérios de escolha do Three Day Physical Activity Recall quanto à equivalência conceitual, semântica e de itens, que resultou na versão brasileira para adolescentes de 10 a 12 anos. Métodos: Foram compilados artigos que continham o instrumento de autorrelato, que tivessem como variáveis de interesse o nível de atividade física e o custo energético. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados BIREME, LILACS, MEDLINE, PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science e SPORTDiscus. Seguiram-se as etapas da adaptação transcultural: dez doutores e 30 membros da população-alvo participaram da avaliação e adequação do constructo à cultura brasileira (equivalência conceitual e de itens) e a versão em português do instrumento seguiu todas as recomendações para equivalência semântica. Resultados: São apresentadas as avaliações dos doutores sobre a versão em português do instrumento, envolvendo questões sobre regionalidade das atividades, dificuldade cognitiva para o autorrelato, instruções, capacidade de mensuração da atividade física e seus domínios. As diferentes versões de tradução e re-tradução do instrumento, com destaque para as modificações solicitadas, assim como a versão final são apresentadas. Conclusões: Tendo sido satisfeitos os pré-requisitos da adaptação transcultural, concluiu-se que o instrumento está adaptado para a população e cultura alvo; entretanto, as qualidades psicométricas, a reprodutibilidade, a validade, o constructo e o critério devem ser testados.

Participants’ physical activity levels and evaluations of a school sport programme in Papua New Guinea

In its contemporary form, sport for development has been positioned as an important part of strategic policy for a variety of governmental and sporting organisations. One area that has been targeted by governments and a variety of sporting partners has been the impact of sport on non-communicable diseases (NCDs, sometimes colloquially referred to as ‘lifestyle diseases’ such as obesity). However, relatively little evidence exists for the impact of sport programmes on the reduction of NCDs and future health burden. This study sought to examine the physical activity levels of school-aged children in Papua New Guinea (PNG) during their participation in a targeted sport programme operating during school hours. Data collection methods employed were physical activity recall and pedometer counts, as well as perceptions, intentions, and knowledge of participants. Children in this study were found to have lower physical activity levels during the after-school period than has been reported in the literature for children in other countries. Overall, children were active during the sport programme, completing 1179 steps on average (which constitutes 10% of the suggested daily values for children of a similar age). No profound differences were observed in either the qualitative or quantitative data across different schools, regions, or genders. The responses from children regarding the sport programme were notably positive.

Leisure time physical activity among older adults with long-term spinal cord injury.

Cross-sectional. To describe participation in leisure time physical activity (LTPA) (amount, intensity and type) among older adults with long-term spinal cord injury (SCI), and to investigate the associations with sociodemographics, injury characteristics and secondary health conditions (SHCs). Home settings in southern Sweden. Data from the Swedish Aging with Spinal Cord Injury Study (SASCIS). The physical activity recall assessment for people with SCI was used to assess LTPA among 84 men and 35 women (mean age 63.5 years, mean time since injury 24 years, injury levels C1-L5, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A-D). Associations were analyzed statistically using hierarchical multivariable regression. Twenty-nine percent reported no LTPA, whereas 53% performed moderate-to-heavy intensity LTPA. The mean minutes per day of total LTPA was 34.7 (±41.5, median 15, range 0-171.7) and of moderate-to-heavy LTPA 22.5 (±35.1, median 5.0, range 0-140.0). The most frequently performed activities were walking and wheeling. Sociodemographics, injury characteristics and SHCs (bowel-related and bladder-related problems, spasticity and pain) explained 10.6% and 13.4%, respectively, of the variance in total and moderate-to-heavy LTPA. Age and wheelchair use were significantly, negatively associated with total LTPA. Women, wheelchair users and employed participants performed significantly less moderate-to-heavy LTPA than men, those using walking devices/no mobility device and unemployed participants. Many older adults with long-term SCI do not reach the amount or intensity of LTPA needed to achieve fitness benefits. Research is needed on how to increase LTPA and to identify modifiable factors that could enhance their participation.

Abstract P281: Longitudinal Associations of Diet, Screen Time, and Physical Activity Behaviors With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among Chinese Children and Their Parents

Background: Understanding intergenerational differences in associations of urbanization-related lifestyle behaviors with cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk factors in children and their parents is important in rapidly urbanizing China. Objective: We tested the intergenerational differences in longitudinal associations of away-from-home eating, snacking, screen time, and leisure-time sports with high waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), elevated blood pressure (BP), elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) among Chinese children and their parents. Method: We studied 5,180 children (aged 7-17y) and their parents participated in China Health and Nutrition Survey (1991-2009) with measured WHtR, BP, HbA1c, and CRP. We used three-day 24-hour dietary recall to derive away-from-home eating (non-consumer, &lt;1meal/day, and ≥1meals/day) and consumption of fruit/vegetable snacks (any/none) and other snacks (any/none). We used a seven-day physical activity recall to collect screen time (≤1hr/day, 1-2hrs/day, and &gt;2hrs/day) and leisure-time sports (any/none). Random-effects logistic regression was used to examine the associations of lagged behaviors with CMD risk factors. Results: We detected intergenerational differences in associations between lagged behaviors and risk factors ( P interaction &lt;0.1). Generation-specific models showed that lagged away-from-home eating ≥1 (versus no) meals/day was negatively associated with parents’ high WHtR (OR=0.68, 95% CI=0.53, 0.89) but positively associated with children’s high WHtR (OR=1.46, 95% CI=1.01, 2.12) at follow-up. Lagged fruit/vegetable snack consumption was negatively related to parents’ high WHtR, parents’ elevated BP, and children’s high WHtR at follow-up. Lagged screen time was positively associated with parents’ high WHtR and children’s high WHtR, elevated BP, and high CRP at follow-up. The behavior-risk factor associations did not differ across years. Conclusion: CMD risk factors were negatively associated with fruit/vegetable snack consumption and positively associated with screen time in both generations. Away-from-home eating was associated with higher WHtR in children but lower WHtR in parents. Generation-specific intervention strategies may be needed for behavioral changes to reduce CMD risk.

Is physical inactivity associated with depressive symptoms among adolescents with high screen time? Evidence from a developing country

BackgroundIncreasing levels of screen use and physical inactivity in developing countries may be deleterious for adolescent mental health. This study aimed to examine how physical inactivity is associated with concurrent depressive symptoms among adolescents with high recreational screen time in Bangladesh. MethodsA self-administered survey was conducted among 898 secondary school students of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. High screen-time was assessed using the Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire (ASAQ), with a cut-off of >2 h/day. Scores ≥10 on the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD10) suggested depressive symptoms. The Three-Day Physical Activity Recall (3DPAR) instrument was used to estimate physical activity, with those doing ≤60 min/day of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) classified as not meeting MVPA recommendations. Of the 599 adolescents who were determined to have high recreational screen time (>2 h/day), 505 completed the CESD10, and form the basis for this analysis. ResultsOf the adolescents with high recreational screen time, 32% did not meet MVPA recommendations and 25% reported depressive symptoms. Generalized estimating equations modelling on CESD scores showed that depressive symptoms were more prevalent among adolescents with high screen time who also did not meet MVPA recommendations (OR 2.37; 95% CI: 1.23–4.59), after adjusting for a set of confounders including sociodemographic, psychosocial and lifestyle factors. ConclusionsAdolescents in Dhaka city with high recreational screen time and not meeting physical activity recommendations are also likely to have depressive symptoms. More research is needed to understand the causal directions of these relationships.

A Web-Based Physical Activity Intervention for Spanish-Speaking Latinas: A Costs and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

BackgroundLatinas report particularly low levels of physical activity and suffer from greater rates of lifestyle-related conditions such as obesity and diabetes. Interventions are needed that can increase physical activity in this growing population in a large-scale, cost-effective manner. Web-based interventions may have potential given the increase in Internet use among Latinas and the scalability of Web-based programs.ObjectiveTo examine the costs and cost-effectiveness of a Web-based, Spanish-language physical activity intervention for Latinas compared to a wellness contact control.MethodsHealthy adult Latina women (N=205) were recruited from the community and randomly assigned to receive a Spanish-language, Web-based, individually tailored physical activity intervention (intervention group) or were given access to a website with content on wellness topics other than physical activity (control group). Physical activity was measured using the 7-Day Physical Activity Recall interview and ActiGraph accelerometers at baseline, 6 months (ie, postintervention), and 12 months (ie, maintenance phase). Costs were estimated from a payer perspective and included all features necessary to implement the intervention in a community setting, including staff time (ie, wages, benefits, and overhead), materials, hardware, website hosting, and routine website maintenance.ResultsAt 6 months, the costs of running the intervention and control groups were US $17 and US $8 per person per month, respectively. These costs fell to US $12 and US $6 per person per month at 12 months, respectively. Linear interpolation showed that intervention participants increased their physical activity by 1362 total minutes at 6 months (523 minutes by accelerometer) compared to 715 minutes for control participants (186 minutes by accelerometer). At 6 months, each minute increase in physical activity for the intervention group cost US $0.08 (US $0.20 by accelerometer) compared to US $0.07 for control participants (US $0.26 by accelerometer). Incremental cost-per-minute increases associated with the intervention were US $0.08 at 6 months and US $0.04 at 12 months (US $0.16 and US $0.08 by accelerometer, respectively). Sensitivity analyses showed variations in staffing costs or intervention effectiveness yielded only modest changes in incremental costs.ConclusionsWhile the Web-based physical activity intervention was more expensive than the wellness control, both were quite low cost compared to face-to-face or mail-delivered interventions. Cost-effectiveness ranged markedly based on physical activity measure and was similar between the two conditions. Overall, the Web-based intervention was effective and low cost, suggesting a promising channel for increasing physical activity on a large scale in this at-risk population.ClinicalTrialClinicaltrials.gov NCT01834287; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01834287 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6nyjX9Jrh)

Patterns and correlates of physical activity in adolescents in Dhaka city, Bangladesh

ObjectivesDespite the widely acknowledged public health importance of physical activity (PA), few studies have examined levels of PA in Bangladesh. The purpose of this study was to investigate the patterns and correlates of PA in adolescents in Bangladesh. Study designCross-sectional survey. MethodsA total of 798 students, aged 13–17 years; 48% girls, from eight purposively selected secondary schools in Dhaka city, Bangladesh completed a self-administered questionnaire including the 3-Day PA Recall. Parents completed a separate questionnaire to provide household/family-level data. Multilevel generalized linear modelling was used to identify the correlates of PA for boys and girls. ResultsTwo-thirds (66%) of the adolescents met the recommendations of 60 min/day of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) daily, with more boys than girls (76% and 55%, respectively). The most common activities reported were walking for travel (42%), cricket (33%) and household chores (30%). Multivariable modelling showed that girls' PA was positively associated with mother's education level, walking to school, involvement in school sports and having home sports equipment. Boys' PA was positively associated with mother's employment, having home sports equipment, having a playground at school and walking to school. ConclusionsOne third of adolescents in Bangladesh were insufficiently active with girls less active than boys. Walking to school and access to sports facilities including playgrounds and home equipment may be important to promote activity among Bangladeshi adolescents, with special attention to the girls.

Depressive symptoms among older adults with long-term spinal cord injury: Associations with secondary health conditions, sense of coherence, coping strategies and physical activity.

To assess the presence of depressive symptoms among older adults with long-term spinal cord injury and investigate the association with sociodemographic and injury characteristics; and to determine how potentially modifiable factors, i.e. secondary health conditions, sense of coherence, coping strategies and leisure-time physical activity, are associated with depressive symptoms. Cross-sectional study. A total of 122 individuals (70% men, injury levels C1-L5, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A-D), mean age 63 years, mean time since injury 24 years. Data from the Swedish Aging with Spinal Cord Injury Study, collected using the Geriatric Depression Scale-15, the 13-item Sense of Coherence Scale, the Spinal Cord Lesion-related Coping Strategies Questionnaire and the Physical Activity Recall Assessment for people with Spinal Cord Injury. Associations were analysed using multivariable linear regression. A total of 29% reported clinically relevant depressive symptoms and 5% reported probable depression. Sense of coherence, the coping strategy Acceptance, neuropathic pain and leisure-time physical activity explained 53% of the variance in depressive symptoms. Older adults with long-term spinal cord injury report a low presence of probable depression. Mental health may be supported through rehabilitation that strengthens the ability to understand and confront life stressors, promotes acceptance of the injury, provides pain management and encourages participation in leisure-time physical activity.

Using a 3-Day Physical Activity Recall as Homework to Increase Physical Activity in Rural Appalachian School Youth: A 3-Week Pilot Intervention Program

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a 3-Day Physical Activity Recall (3DPAR) intervention program on the physical activity (PA) levels of rural Appalachian school youth. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in which the pre- and postlevel of PA in rural Appalachian school youth has been assessed following a 3DPAR intervention program. A sample of 76 school youth (M age = 13.3 years) recruited from three secondary schools in the Appalachian region was included in the final analyses. To assess intervention effects such as steps per day and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) minutes per day, we had participants wear sealed NL-1000 piezoelectric pedometers for 7 days at pre- and posttest. For this 3-week pilot intervention, participants recorded daily activity using a 3DPAR self-report instrument. Participants received two educational sessions during the first three classes of the intervention period. We utilized a MANOVA to determine the effects of intervention participation on pre- versus posttest for the whole week, weekdays, and weekends. Youth who completed the 3DPAR-delivered intervention significantly increased their step counts on the weekends. Future studies should evaluate whether a longer intervention including a control group could result in improving PA over the long term. Subscribe to TPE

Psychosocial Determinants of Physical Activity in Undergraduate College Students

Less than 50% of adults aged 18-30 years report meeting the current guidelines for physical activity (PA), with the steepest declines occurring in young adulthood. Theory-based psychosocial factors have been proposed to identify possible modifiable psychological barriers to PA. Purpose: To explore the relation between PA and key psychosocial determinants: 1) motivation (MO); 2) self-ef- ficacy (SE); 3) social support (SS); 4) exercise enjoyment (EE); and 5) body image (BI) in young adult college students. A secondary aim was to examine whether young adult females and males differ in psychosocial determinants of PA. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational design was employed. Fifty-five females (18.7±0.7 yrs) and 35 males (18.5±0.6 yrs) participated. Weekly minutes of hard PA, very hard PA, and total weekly minutes of PA (7-Day PA Recall) served as the dependent variables. Determinant variables were assessed using standardized questionnaires. Results: For females, SE, EE, MO, SS from friends, and BI were correlated (p&lt;0.05) to total weekly minutes of PA. The combination of EE, MO, SS, and BI explained nearly 43% of the variance in total weekly minutes of PA (R2=0.426, F(4,50)=9.294, p&lt;0.001). For males, EE was correlated (p&lt;0.05) to minutes of hard PA, minutes of very hard PA, and total weekly minutes of PA. A stepwise multiple regression analysis resulted in EE being the only determinant selected for the model (R2=0.174, F(1,33)=6.949, p=0.013). Conclusion: EE was a significant psychosocial determinant of PA among young adult male and female college students. Other psychosocial determinants of PA in females include MO, SS, and BI. These psychosocial variables deserve consideration when designing future behavioral interventions to increase PA in young adult college students.

The association between physical activity and mortality among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

The aim of this study was to assess whether physical activity can predict mortality in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). This observational study enrolled 317 patients undergoing MHD from Shanxi Provincial People Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University from February to June 2012. Physical activity was measured by using the Human Activity Profile (HAP) and the Stanford 7-day Physical Activity Recall Questionnaire (PAR). Exercise or not, maximal activity score (MAS), adjusted activity score (AAS), light physical activities, moderate physical activities, and the PAR value were significantly associated with mortality among patients undergoing MHD. The patients with higher scores of maximal activity score (MAS), adjusted activity score (AAS), and PAR value; more hours of the light physical activities; and moderate physical activities have the lower mortality. Through multivariate Cox regression analysis, adjusting for age, MAS, PAR value, and light physical activities can predict the mortality among patients undergoing MHD (P < .05), and the relative risk values were 0.44, 0.69, and 0.66, respectively. Baseline physical activities are independent predictors of mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis.