Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form Research Articles

Prevalence of Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Disorders and Their Association with Smartphone Addiction and Smartphone Usage among University Students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Cross-Sectional Study.

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and their association with smartphone addiction and smartphone usage among university students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 313 university students aged 18 years and older who owned a smartphone and used it during the preceding 12 months participated in this cross-sectional study. The prevalence of upper limb MSDs, smartphone addiction/overuse, and levels of physical activity were recorded using the standardized Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire, the smartphone addiction scale (short version), and the international physical activity questionnaire (short form), respectively. Data collection was performed on campus between March and May 2021. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the association between the prevalence of upper limb MSDs and smartphone addiction/overuse and levels of physical activity. The 12-month prevalence of MSDs of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist/hand regions due to smartphone use among participants was found to be 20.13%, 5.11%, and 13.42%, respectively. Shoulder (odds ratio (OR) = 11.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.64-27.94, p < 0.001), elbow (OR = 15.38, 95% CI = 1.92-123.26, p = 0.01), and wrist/hand MSDs (OR = 7.65, 95% CI = 2.75-21.22, p < 0.001) were more prevalent among participants who were categorized as having smartphone addiction/overuse measures. Promoting awareness about the healthy use of smartphones, including postural education and decreasing screen time, is necessary to reduce smartphone-related MSDs.

Evaluation of psychosocial status and nutritional awareness in municipal employees during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 emerged in China in December 2019 as a disease spreading from person to person by rapid droplet transmission, and which eventually evolved into a pandemic. Aim: This study aims to examine the psychosocial state, nutritional awareness, and physical activity level of municipal employees who provided services under changing working conditions during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Methods: A total of 220 employees working in two different municipalities in Istanbul were included in this study during March and April of 2021. For data collection, a questionnaire form was used. The form consisted of questions about the demographics and nutritional awareness of individuals, the Coronavirus-19 Phobia Scale, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short form). Results: The mean total coronaphobia score was 51.08 ± 14.47 with the mean score for women being significantly higher than that for men (p < 0.05). The mean score obtained by the responses of participants to questions about nutritional awareness during the pandemic was significantly higher than the mean score referring to the period before the pandemic. The examination of the physical activity level of employees revealed that 62.4% of the men and 60% of the women were physically inactive during the pandemic. Conclusion: It was found that the coronaphobia scores of municipal employees during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic were at an average level, their nutritional awareness levels increased in general compared to the pre-pandemic period, and municipal employees were mostly inactive physically during the pandemic.

Psychometric Properties of the Online International Physical Activity Questionnaire in College Students.

Due to the restrictions imposed to control the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increase in studies based on online surveys. However, there are important concerns about the validity and generalizability of results from online surveys. Thus, we aimed to test the reliability and validity of the online version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF) among college students from low-income regions. This was a methodological feasibility study with a random stratified sample from a college located in the state of Maranhão in the city of Imperatriz (Brazil). The sample consisted of 195 college students (at least 17 years of age) to evaluate the validity and 117 students to evaluate the reliability. All data were collected in a self-reported online format (via Google Forms) twice, with an interval of 2 weeks. We used Spearman's correlation analysis for the reliability study. Additionally, we applied exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate the structural validity. The questionnaire showed acceptable (rho &gt; 0.30) and significant (p &lt; 0.05) reliability, except for the question about the duration of sitting time on a weekend day. When assessing the construct validity (exploratory analysis), we identified a single factor that explained 88.8% of the variance. The 1-factor model showed acceptable model fit (SRMR = 0.039; CFI = 0.96; TLI = 0.90) in confirmatory analysis. The online version of the IPAQ-SF has acceptable reliability among college students from low-income regions and maintains the structure of the construct regarding to physical activity.

Gender and Age Association with Physical Activity and Mood States of Children and Adolescents in Social Isolation during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 had a huge impact on daily life. It greatly reduced our physical activity (PA) and caused an increase in negative emotions. The emotions of different ages and sexes were impacted during the pandemic but the most severely influenced were adolescents. Therefore, the study’s main purpose was to explore the influence of age and gender on adolescent physical activity and emotions during the pandemic. Methods: The subjects of the present study were 14,045 adolescents aged 10–18 years from the Yan’an Shaanxi province. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) was used to investigate the PA and Profile of Mood States (POMS) was used to investigate adolescents’ mood states. Results: we found that girls and boys have significant differences in total PA and moderate PA (p &lt; 0.01). The adolescents’ PA levels of different ages had significant differences (p &lt; 0.01). Meanwhile, boys had higher negative emotion scores (anger, fatigue, depression, confusion) than girls. Girls, in contrast, had higher positive emotion scores (self-esteem, vigor) (p &lt; 0.01). With increasing age, the increase in emotional states seems to diminish (p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: Results show long-term social isolation causes reduced PA and increased negative mood states. Girls’ PA was higher than boys, and boys had higher levels of mood disturbances. PA and levels of mood disturbances were significantly associated with age from 10 to 18 years old. This research study aimed to help the correlation department understand the relationship between PA and mood states of adolescents of different ages and sexes during COVID-19. Providing health promotion and preventative advice for different sex and age groups has expanded globally.

Sedentary Behavior, Stress Level, Dietary Intake, and It`s Relationship with Blood Pressure among Hypertensive Adults in FELDA Terengganu

Hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for all-cause morbidity and mortality worldwide and its prevalence is predicted to increase by 60% by 2025 [1]. It is the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is responsible for most deaths worldwide. In Malaysia, at least three out of 10 adults have hypertension, and the prevalence has increased [2]. Sedentary behaviour, stress level, and dietary intake were the major cost-effective ways in reducing and controlling hypertension. However, there is lack of studies examining on sedentary behaviour and stress levels among hypertensive adults in FELDA.&#x0D; &#x0D; Thus, this cross-sectional study aimed to determine the relationship between sedentary behavior, psychosocial stress, and dietary intake with blood pressure among the hypertensive adults in FELDA Terengganu. A study was conducted among 51 adults aged between 38 to 64 years old in four FELDA in Terengganu which FELDA Neram 2, Kemaman, FELDA Selasih, Besut, FELDA Jerangau, Dungun and FELDA Belara, Kemaman. Socio-demographic, anthropometric, current blood pressure reading, sedentary behavior (smoking and physical activity level), stress level, and dietary factors were measured. The physical activity level was measured using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form version while stress level was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale questionnaire (PSS-10). Three days of 24 hours dietary recall was used for assessing dietary intake. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS 22. &#x0D; &#x0D; A total of 51 hypertensive participants (median age: 57.0 ± 7.0 years), where the majority of them were female (66.7%), married (80.4%), and received secondary education (60.8%) with monthly income less than RM 2500 participated in this study. Most of the participants were obese (66.7%) and did not have their blood pressure controlled (51.0%). However, only 9.8% were smokers. More than half of the participants had moderate physical activity (47.1%) and low stress levels (86.3%). The participants had excessive energy, protein, saturated fatty acid, sodium, iron and vitamin A intake.&#x0D; Among all the variables, we found that hip circumference (p=0.045) and not smoking (p=0.02) were showing a significant linear relation with systolic blood pressure while age (p=0.001), married (p=0.031), household income (p=0.041), and magnesium (p=0.05) were showing significant linear relation with diastolic blood pressure. However, there was no relation between stress and blood pressure.&#x0D; &#x0D; Excessive consumption of energy, protein, and saturated fatty acid (SFA) will result in increasing body weight thus leading to the development of obesity. In comparison with other Asian countries Malaysia has the highest rate of obesity [3]. Meanwhile, the study showed a linear relation between age and blood pressure since increase in age will increase the risk of getting hypertension [4].&#x0D; &#x0D; Blood pressure has become a global health problem. Therefore, an intervention aimed among adults was crucial and urgently needed so that it can increase the awareness of hypertension and community-wide health behavior interventions that were identified and known to be effective in reducing high blood pressure levels. Further studies should include more participants of general populations to have more accurate results.

Abstract 13530: The Impact of COVID-19 Illness Risk on Physical Activity During the Pandemic

Introduction: Risk related decision making for physical activity engagement changed during the pandemic. Importantly, life-threatening COVID-19 illness was riskier for adults with many chronic illnesses, including cardiovascular diseases. Determining physical activity level differences between people at high versus low risk for severe COVID-19 is critical for targeting future approaches for improving physical activity and cardiovascular health. Hypotheses: Between March 2020 and May 2021, compared to adults at low risk for severe COVID-19, adults at high risk have 1) greater odds of inactivity; and 2) in adults reporting physical activity, high risk is associated with lower metabolic equivalent of task (MET). Methods: This prospective observational study enrolled English-speaking US adults age 18 years and older. Measures included demographic and health condition surveys, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form surveys at baseline, with IPAQ repeated at 3, 4, 7, 9, and 13 months. Inactivity was defined as reporting no activity bouts ≥ 10 minutes. Hypotheses testing used a two-part model of physical activity over time simultaneously fitting a logistic model of inactivity and a gamma model of total MET for the physically active while adjusting for age, gender, and race. Results: The sample included n = 687 (mean age = 42.4 ± 15.5, 78% women, 89% white). Odds of inactivity for COVID-19 high risk group was 2 to 4.1 times higher than that of low risk group at baseline and 13 months (Figure 1a). Physically active adults at high risk of severe COVID-19 had MET levels less than the low risk group at baseline (28%, p = .001), 3 (29%, p = .002), and 4 months (30%, p =.005), with no significant differences at later timepoints (see Figure 1b). Conclusions: Inactivity and MET level between group differences varied over time. Disproportionate odds of inactivity and lower MET levels was present primarily early in the pandemic in the high risk group.

Association of physical activity and air pollution exposure with the risk of type 2 diabetes: a large population-based prospective cohort study

BackgroundThe interplay between physical activity (PA) and air pollution in relation to type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains largely unknown. Based on a large population-based cohort study, this study aimed to examine whether the benefits of PA with respect to the risk of T2D are moderated by exposure to air pollution.MethodsUK Biobank participants (n = 359,153) without diabetes at baseline were included. Information on PA was obtained using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form. Exposure to air pollution, including PM2.5, PMcoarse (PM2.5−10), PM10, and NO2, was estimated from land use regression models. Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsDuring a median of 8.9 years of follow-up, 13,706 T2D events were recorded. Compared with a low PA level, the HRs for the risk of T2D among individuals with moderate and high PA were 0.82 (95% CI, 0.79–0.86) and 0.73 (95% CI, 0.70–0.77), respectively. Compared with low levels of air pollution, the HRs for risk of T2D for high levels of air pollution (PM2.5, PMcoarse, PM10, and NO2) were 1.19 (1.14–1.24), 1.06 (1.02–1.11), 1.13 (1.08–1.18), and 1.19 (1.14–1.24), respectively. There was no effect modification of the associations between PA and T2D by air pollution (all P-interactions > 0.05). The inverse associations between PA and T2D in each air pollution stratum were generally consistent (all P for trend < 0.05).ConclusionA higher PA and lower air pollution level were independently associated with a lower risk of T2D. The beneficial effects of PA on T2D generally remained stable among participants exposed to different levels of air pollution. Further studies are needed to replicate our findings in moderately and severely polluted areas.

41 PROFILING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SARCOPENIA AMONG OLDER ADULTS ATTENDING A PHYSIOTHERAPY SERVICE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A MIXED METHODS STUDY

Abstract Background Reduced physical activity (PA) and increased levels of sarcopenia are possible consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic among older adults. During the pandemic, 26% of people over 70 were inactive. This mixed-methods study aimed to profile PA and sarcopenia levels among older adults attending a primary care physiotherapy service during the pandemic and to explore their experiences of PA. Methods Adults over 70 years of age attending a primary care physiotherapy service were invited to participate between September 2021 - January 2022. PA and levels of sarcopenia were captured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form and the SARC-F. One-to-one semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with a sample of the group and analysed using thematic analysis. The Irish College of General Practitioners granted ethical approval. Results 59 participants (35 females) participated in the cross-sectional study (median age: 79.3; IQR: 12 years). Ninety-one percent of participants (n=54) followed cocooning restrictions. Fifty-six percent (n=33) of participants had low PA levels (95% CI: 43-69%), and 56% (n=33) scored 4 or more on the SARC-F (95% CI: 43-69%), which is predictive of sarcopenia. Ten participants (7 females) completed an interview (median age: 75.4; IQR: 5years). Four themes emerged; 1) a sudden in change in PA levels, 2) the impact of cocooning measures on PA levels, 3) barriers to PA and 4) enablers of PA during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion Low PA levels and high levels of sarcopenia were identified among older adults attending a primary care physiotherapy service. Participants were uncertain if they would return to their pre-pandemic PA levels due to slowness of movement and fear of COVID-19. There is a need to address these low PA levels as society enters a new post-pandemic phase.

The quality of physiotherapy and rehabilitation program and the effect of telerehabilitation on patients with knee osteoarthritis.

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of telerehabilitation vs home-based exercise programs for knee osteoarthritis (KOA).MethodPatients diagnosed with moderate/mild KOA were enrolled in the study and randomized into two groups. The patients in the telerehabilitation group did their exercises via video conference simultaneously, accompanied by a physiotherapist, while the patients in the control group were given a brochure showing how to do the exercises and explaining how to do each exercise. Patients completed 30-s chair stand test (30 CST), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), TAMPA Kinesiophobia Scale (TKS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) twice before and after 8-week treatment, and Quality Indicators Questionnaire for Physiotherapy Management of Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis (QUIPA) and Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS) after treatment only. Moreover, the number of painkillers that patients used in the last 15 days was recorded before and after treatment, and patient satisfaction with treatment was questioned after treatment.ResultsForty-eight patients were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 55.83 ± 6.93 years, and 43 (89.6%) patients were women. No significant differences were determined between groups in terms of baseline characteristics. After the 8-week follow-up, telerehabilitation group demonstrated better 30 CST, IPAQ-SF, KOOS, QUIPA, treatment satisfaction, and total and C subscale of EARS scores increment and greater NRS, HADS, TKS, and FSS score reduction than the control group. It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the telerehabilitation and control groups for all of the specified parameters; however, no statistically significant difference was found for the B subscale of EARS.ConclusionThis study indicated that telerehabilitation is superior to self-management. Moreover, through this innovative and population specific web-based approach for KOA, a vast number of patients who have internet access could be reached. Thus, patients with KOA received effective treatment. Key Points • Telerehabilitation is superior to self-management. • Telerehabilitation is a quality practice with the potential to reduce symptoms in patients with knee OA.

Use of Drugs and Dietary Supplements in University Students of Sports Science: Results of a Survey-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Dietary supplements are used to implement and balance common dietary habits. The general belief is that natural substances reduce the risk of chronic diseases and amplify sports performance with no harmful side effects. Since sports science students will become professionals of sport activities and may also have a role in suggesting the use of dietary supplements to athletes, the aim of this study was to evaluate if physical activity influences the use of drugs and dietary supplements. A modified version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Short Form (IPAQSF) was administered to perform these evaluations. A total of 1452 students from the University of Messina, Italy, enrolled in sports science courses completed the survey; of these, 1075 (704 male and 371 female students) were physically active in moderate- or high-intensity training. Of those physically active students, 709 (440 male and 269 female) were competitive athletes, identified on the basis of their answer to a specific question also indicating the type of sport they practice. The results suggest that 5.6% of all respondents were regular consumers of pharmaceutical products, compared to just 1.0% of the cohort of competing athletes. In contrast, the consumption of natural supplements was similar (14% vs. 15%) between groups. The most frequently used supplements were vitamins, including vitamin C, vitamin B complex, and multivitamin complex, followed by minerals and amino acids or protein complex. The probability of using dietary supplements was mostly related to the male gender (OR 1.64; 95% CI: 1.17–2.30), having a job (OR 1.45; 95% CI: 1.07–1.96), and, most of all, performing physical activity (OR 3.53; 95% CI: 2.18–5.71). The only factor related to a higher use of drugs was female gender (OR 2.40; 95% CI: 1.52–3.79), and the most used class was antihistaminic, followed by FANS. These results suggest that among the specific population of sports science students, those performing physical activity are less prone to using pharmaceutical products and have healthier habits.

Physical activity and mental health in sports university students during the COVID-19 school confinement in Shanghai.

BackgroundIn 2022, Shanghai was seriously affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The government implemented citywide static management for 2 months, as well as all universities in Shanghai, which changed the normal learning and living style of sports students and led to a decline in physical activity level. As the physical activity has a strong correlation with mental health, this study aimed to investigate the current state of physical activity (PA) and mental health of the students in Shanghai University of Sport. It will try to reveal the correlation between PA and depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, fear of COVID-19 and smartphone addiction.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted on a random sample of 400 students who came from six different majors in May 2022 at the Shanghai University of Sport. Respondents completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the Chinese version of the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Chinese version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Chinese version of the COVID-19 Fear Scale (FCV- 19S), and the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV). Demographics, PA, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, fear of COVID-19, and smartphone addiction were compared. A binary logistic regression model was used for the further analysis.ResultsA total of 376 college students were included in the final analysis. Binary logistics analysis showed that moderate physical activity (MPA) was negatively correlated with depression (OR = 0.95, 95%CI = 0.93–0.98), anxiety (OR = 0.97, 95%CI = 0.95–0.99), fear of COVID 19(OR = 0.99, 95%CI = 0.98–0.99)and smartphone addiction (OR = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.9–0.98) (all P < 0.05). Sedentary behavior was positively correlated with smartphone addiction (OR = 1.01, P < 0.01, 95%CI = 1.001–1.004).ConclusionThere was an association between the presence of MPA and depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, fear of COVID-19, smartphone addiction, and sedentary behavior associated with smartphone addiction levels. Clarifying the causal relationship between PA and mental health will require further research.

Changes in self-care maintenance during quarantine in patients with heart failure

Abstract Background Patients with heart failure (HF) experience challenges in self-care that contribute to poor quality of life and high health care utilization. The COVID-19 pandemic required HF patients, especially living in countries with strict lockdowns and quarantines, to change their lifestyle including health promoting behaviors. Purpose To assess changes in self-care maintenance in patients with HF changed during quarantine compared to before quarantine. We hypothesized that the self-care maintenance behavior physical activity was most effected during quarantine. Method This is a cross-sectional survey study. From the medical chart, patients' disease severity (NYHA-class), ejection fraction and comorbidities were collected. Self-care maintenance was assessed using subscale Self-Care of Heart Failure Index 6.2. The total score ranges from 0–100, where 70 or higher is seen as having good self-care maintenance. With all the questions in the self-care maintenance scale a question was added: Did this change due to the COVID-19 pandemic? Patients could answer yes or no. When patients answered yes, they were asked the elaborate. Patients self-reported physical activity, before and during the pandemic, using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short form). Descriptive analyses were used for self-care maintenance, content analysis was applied for the qualitative data. Paired sample t-test were performed to assess the change in the total physical activity. Results In total, 120 patients with HF were included in this study (mean age was 79±13, 39% female, 78% NYHA-class I/II). Patients had a mean self-care maintenance of 32 (±6). No participant had good self-care maintenance (score of 70 or higher). Patients were non-adherent to regular physical activity (77%, n=92), keeping weight down (74%, n=89) and weighing themselves (66%, n=79) during quarantine (Figure). Behaviors which changed the most included keeping medical appointments (81%) and regular exercise (82%). Significantly higher levels of physically active was noticed before quarantine (776 Mets-minutes) compared to during quarantine (106 Mets-minutes) (p&amp;lt;0.01). The change in self-care maintenance was explained by change in motivation and self-confidence. Because of the pandemic and the quarantine, patients reported not being able to rely on health care and their usual social support system. Patients tried to create new habits when trying to maintain their self-care. Conclusion Patients with HF reported experiencing low self-care maintenance during quarantine due to not being able to go to medical appointments and decrease in physical activity. Public health policies during crisis events such as a pandemic should strive to provide support in coping with these changes and offer alternative ways of maintaining their self-care maintenance, especially with physical activity. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Kinesiophobia, Physical Activity, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Levels in Post COVID-19 Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: Kinesiophobia, inactivity and mood disturbances in post-COVID-19 individuals are poorly investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare measures of kinesiophobia, physical activity, depression, anxiety and stress in post-COVID-19 individuals and healthy individuals. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between 25 November 2021 and 30 December 2021. The individuals were recruited from the general community. Kinesiophobia was assessed with the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, physical activity levels with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short-Form, and mood (depression, anxiety, and stress) with the Depression Anxiety Stress-21 Scale in all individuals. Results: There were 29 volunteer individuals who had COVID-19 with a mean age of 33.41±7.95 years. Healthy controls consisted of 20 volunteers with a mean age of 31.3±7.81 years. Anxiety (55.2% versus 20%) and stress (34.5% versus 5%) were observed more frequently in the post-COVID-19 group. The scores for kinesiophobia and anxiety were significantly higher in post-COVID-19 individuals than healthy individuals (p&amp;lt;0.05). The scores for physical activity, depression and stress were similar between groups (p&amp;gt;0.05). Significant correlations were found among post-COVID-19 individuals for i) the scores for kinesiophobia and stress, and ii) the scores for physical activity, stress, and depression (p&amp;lt;0.05). There was no relationship between kinesiophobia and other outcomes in healthy individuals (p&amp;gt;0.05). Conclusion: Although a high degree of kinesiophobia is observed in both post-COVID-19 and healthy individuals, kinesiophobia, anxiety and stress measures were higher in people exposed to COVID-19 than others. In post-COVID-19 individuals, kinesiophobia increased as stress increased, and physical activities decreased while stress and depression increased. Hence, exercises, physical activities and psychological counseling should be recommended to individuals exposed to COVID-19.

Associations of Problematic Internet Use, Weight-Related Self-Stigma, and Nomophobia with Physical Activity: Findings from Mainland China, Taiwan, and Malaysia.

Insufficient physical activity is a common problem for university students because they may engage in sedentary lifestyle owing to excessive time spent on their smartphones and social media use. This may result in problematic internet use (PIU) and nomophobia (fear of not having a mobile phone). Moreover, prior evidence shows that weight-related self-stigma is an important factor contributing to low physical activity. Therefore, the present study examined the associations between PIU, nomophobia, and physical activity among university students across mainland China, Taiwan, and Malaysia. Participants (3135 mainland Chinese, 600 Taiwanese, and 622 Malaysian) completed the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS), Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMPQ), Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF). The measurement invariance of the assessed questionnaires was supported across the three regions. The present findings analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling showed that (i) greater nomophobia was associated with higher levels of physical activity, (ii) greater weight-related self-stigma was associated with higher levels of physical activity, and (iii) greater nomophobia was associated with greater weight-related self-stigma. Although the present findings suggest the possibility that experiencing some level of nomophobia or weight-related self-stigma appears to help improve physical activity, it is not recommended that these be encouraged, but reducing PIU should be targeted as a means to improve physical activity.

Prolonged mean response time in older adults with cardiovascular risk compared to healthy older adults

BackgroundDuring incremental exercise (Inc-Ex), the mean response time (MRT) of oxygen uptake (V̇O2) represents the time delay before changes in muscle V̇O2 reflect at the mouth level. MRT calculation by linear regression or monoexponential (τ’) fitting of V̇O2 data are known to be highly variable, and a combination of incremental and constant load exercise (CL-Ex) is more reproducible.MethodsWe evaluated MRT in older adults using linear regression and combination methods. We recruited 20 healthy adults (male: 9, 69.4 ± 6.8 years) and 10 cardiovascular risk subjects (male: 8, 73.0 ± 8.8 years). On day 1, they performed Inc-Ex using a 10W/min ramp protocol, for determination of the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) using the V-slope method. On day 2, they performed Inc-Ex to VAT exercise intensity and CL-Ex for 25min total. The MRT was calculated from the CL-Ex V̇O2 average and the time at equivalent V̇O2 in the Inc-Ex. We also assessed the amount of physical activity using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF).ResultsThe MRT of healthy participants and those at cardiovascular risk were 49.2 ± 36.3 vs. 83.6 ± 45.4s (p = 0.033). Total physical activity in the IPAQ-SF was inversely correlated with MRT.ConclusionThe MRT was significantly prolonged in cardiovascular risk participants compared to healthy participants, possibly related to the amount of daily physical activity. Individual MRT may be useful for adjustment of exercise intensity, but this should also be based on daily physical activity and individual condition during exercise.

Epidemiological Study of Physical Activity, Negative Moods, and Their Correlations among College Students.

Objective: Negative moods in college students have caused frequent extreme behaviors. This study analyzed the current status and correlation between physical activity and negative moods in college students. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used in the present research. Data on college students’ physical activity and negative moods were collected using the Sports Questionnaire Star software. The questionnaires were administered to college students in five colleges and universities in Henan and Jiangsu Provinces, China, and a total of 3711 correctly completed questionnaires were returned. Data on sociological and demographic information, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF), and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) were collected. The research was conducted in December 2021. Results: The low-intensity physical activity rate among college students was 55.56%, while depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were detected in 35.14%, 65.29%, and 10.99%of the college students, respectively. Depression (K = 35.58, p < 0.001) and anxiety (K = 15.56, p < 0.001) rates were significantly different among the different physical activity intensity groups. The proportion of students who perform high-intensity physical activities was lower than those who perform low- and moderate-intensity physical activities. Conclusion: Low physical activity and high anxiety are evident among college students, and prolonged moderate-to-low-intensity physical activity (including static behavior) induces depression and anxiety. In the future, further studies can be conducted on improving the physical activity intensity of college students, improving the mental health monitoring and intervention systems of college students, and exploring the dose–effect relationship between physical activity and negative moods.

Movement behaviours and anxiety symptoms in Chinese college students: A compositional data analysis.

In the current research, sleep duration, sedentary behaviour, physical activity, and their relationship with several anxiety symptoms among college students were examined. This study was a cross-sectional study, and study respondents were recruited from college students. A total of 1,475 of college students were included for analysis. Sedentary behaviours and physical activity were assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form, while sleep duration was assessed by the Chinese version Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. To assess the anxiety symptoms of study respondents, the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 was used. The compositional data was analysed in R to estimate the associations between replacements among physical activities, sedentary behaviours, and sleep and anxiety symptoms. Results indicated a greater impact was imposed on the alleviation of anxiety symptoms by substituting sedentary behaviours with physical activity at moderate to vigorous intensity. In the current research, the significance of moderate to vigorous physical activity should be highlighted in preventing anxiety among Chinese college students.

Factors influencing physical activity in postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey in Japan

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate factors influencing postpartum physical activity (PA), taking into consideration psychosocial perceptions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by comparing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores.MethodsA web-based cross-sectional survey of 787 postpartum women was conducted between March and October 2021. After applying the exclusion criteria, 590 women were analyzed. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form, was used to assess the level and amount of PA. The Short Form-12 Health Survey version 2 (SF-12v2) was used to measure HRQoL. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine whether sociodemographic factors and psychosocial perceptions during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with the level of PA. Based on the current national guidelines for exercise in Japan, respondents were classified by weekly PA level as an Inactive group and an Active group to assess the influence of PA on HRQoL.ResultsMean total PA was 19.3 total metabolic equivalents hour/week, and the prevalence of an inactive lifestyle was 45.9% among respondents. Each year of age was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.92 (95% CI 0.87–0.97) for becoming physical inactivity during postpartum. Factors positively associated with more active levels were greater number of days for delivery (OR = 1.00; 95% CI 1.00–1.01), multiparity (OR = 1.50; 95% CI 1.00–2.23), having someone to talk about childcare and the individual’s partner (OR = 2.04; 95% CI 0.96–4.36) and not having anxiety symptoms (OR = 0.58; 95% CI 0.35–0.97). The Active group had significantly higher HRQoL scores than the Inactive group in the following scales: physical component summary (p < 0.001), mental component summary (p = 0.041).ConclusionsThe influential factors for postpartum PA level were younger age, longer duration after childbirth, multiparity and not having anxiety symptoms, which correlated positively with PA. The presence of someone with whom can talk to about childcare and partner issues was associated with the maintenance of higher PA among postpartum women, suggesting that factor as a positive influence on PA under unsettled conditions.

Relationship between Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity with Health-Related Physical Fitness Indicators among Pakistani School Adolescents: Yaali-Pak Study.

Background The current study is the foremost study exploring the relationships between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and health-related physical fitness indicators among 12–16-year-old adolescents of the South Punjab region of Pakistan. Methods The researcher adopted the cross-sectional research design for the study. A total of 2970 participants (1477 boys and 1493 girls) aged adolescents from South Punjab, Pakistan, completed health-related physical fitness indicators measuring strength, endurance, and aerobic capacity through a hand-grip strength test, modified pull-up test, plank test, and 20-m shuttle run test, and physical activity were subjectively assessed by International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Linear regression models were used to explore the between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with health-related physical fitness indicators. Results Positive associations were observed between hand-grip strength (p < 0.001), modified pull-up (p < 0.001), plank exercise (p < 0.001), and 20-m shuttle run test (p < 0.001), with MVPA. The gender-specific comparison also indicated a significant (p < 0.001) and positive relationship. The results revealed that as MVPA increases, body composition, muscular strength, core muscular endurance, and aerobic capacity could improve in both genders. Conclusions MVPA appears to be an effective and reliable predictor of health-related physical fitness among school adolescents.

College Student Self-efficacy For Exercise In Relation To Reported Physical Activity Levels During Covid-19 Pandemic

The global COVID-19 pandemic may be detrimental to a college student’s motivation to exercise with less physical activity (PA) levels recorded, possibly due to the closure of gyms or home isolation. While little is known about self-efficacy for exercise (SEE) in college students, how it relates to age in this population during a pandemic needs further investigation. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between SEE and PA levels in college students and if age was a factor. It was hypothesized that SEE would be positively associated with PA status and negatively to college student age, especially with many engaging in remote learning. METHODS: Individuals enrolled in college (N = 84, male, n = 32, female, n = 49, age range, 19-47 years) were asked to complete an IRB approved Qualtrics survey mid-semester (Spring 2021) which included demographic information along with the total minutes spent in PA at various intensity levels (vigorous, moderate or walking), using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and SEE (Resnick et al., 2000) scale. The SEE scale gauges motivation to exercise using a Likert scale from 0 -10 (0 = low and 10 = high SEE levels). All data was analyzed using a Spearman Rank Order Correlation with a p-value of 0.05 for significance (SPSSv27). RESULTS: No significant correlation was found between age and SEE although significant and trending relationships were found between total minutes spent in PA during 7 days, rho = 0.327, p = 0.011; vigorous intensity PA, rho = 0.409, p = 0.000, moderate intensity PA, rho = 0.221, p = 0.066, or walking/low intensity PA, rho = 0.243, p = 0.043 and SEE. CONCLUSION: A college student's motivation to be physically active may lead to more time spent in PA and is not related to age of the individual. Health and wellness professionals should consider motivational factors when prescribing PA for health benefits during a pandemic.