Physical Activity Plan Research Articles

The pattern of diabetic care and glycemic control among the ambulatory diabetic patients in tertiary care settings in Bangladesh

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health concern in Bangladesh. The pattern of diabetic care and control of blood sugar among diabetic patients are not well described. We assessed the pattern of diabetic care among ambulatory diabetic patients attending tertiary care hospitals in Bangladesh, and explored the relationship of glycemic control with behavioral and metabolic risks. Any patient 18 years and older attending the medicine outpatient department (OPD) at randomly selected three government tertiary hospitals in three divisions in Bangladesh were examined by hospital doctors. If a patient who was diagnosed as having diabetes and produced any medical document to support the diagnosis was recruited following an informed consent. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, diabetic care plan and behavioral risks, including tobacco use, physical activity, healthy diet (daily fruits and vegetable consumption) and salt intake were obtained from study participants by recall. Three milliliters of venous blood were tested to determine uncontrolled diabetes by measuring glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C > 7.0), and hyperlipidemia by measuring total cholesterol (> 200 mg/dL), high density lipoprotein/HDL (< 40 Mg/dL, low density lipoprotein/ LDL (> 200 mg/dL), and Triglyceride (> 160 mg/dL). A Total of 465 patients were enrolled. The Mean age was 49 years (SD:11) and 58% were women. Sixty percent patients were on a treatment plan of anti-diabetic drugs (drug), healthy diet (diet) and physical activity (PA), 13.3% diet and drug, 9.7% on drug only, 6.4% on diet and PA, 3.9% on PA and drug, 1.3% on PA only and 0.9% on diet only. Two- third of the patients (68.6%) had uncontrolled diabetes, which was three times higher, if a patient had diabetes for more than five years than otherwise (OR: 3.31, 95% CI 2.06–5.33), two times higher if a patient did not consume fruits (OR: 2.28, 1.34–3.87), or three times higher, if a patient did not consume vegetables (OR: 3.70, 95% CI 1.80–7.59) than otherwise, 78% higher, if a patient had taken extra salt in meal than otherwise (OR: 1.78, 95% CI 1.13–2.80) and nine times higher, if a patient had a raised total cholesterol level (> 200 mg/dL) than otherwise (OR: 9.60, 95% CI 2.60–35.40) and three times higher, if a patient had a raised LDL level compared than otherwise (OR: 3.33, 95% CI: 1.93-5.70). Diabetic patients seeking care at tertiary hospitals in Bangladesh follow diverse diabetic care plans and the majority of them do not have diabetes under control. Unhealthy dietary practice and hyperlipidemia among diabetic patients contribute to uncontrolled diabetes. Routine monitoring of blood glucose and enforcing lifestyle modifications could promote effective control of diabetes among diabetic patients in Bangladesh.

Moving With the Times: Updating the National Physical Activity Plan's Media and Communication Strategies to Increase Population-Level Physical Activity.

In 2022, an interdisciplinary team of subject matter experts was convened to substantially revise the Mass Media sector content of the National Physical Activity Plan. The updated version recognizes the rapid pace at which the media landscape is evolving and includes a new sector name (Media and Communications) and revised strategies and tactics that reflect progress in the development of a national physical activity campaign brand (Move Your Way ®). This commentary summarizes key changes and highlights the importance of ongoing collaboration between physical activity and media professionals to optimize promotion of physical activity through diverse channels.

Abstract 4135629: Grades and trends from the 2024 United States Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth

Background: Regular physical activity provides numerous health benefits including improved cardiovascular health. Population-level physical activity surveillance is critical for informing research, practice, and policy efforts for supporting population health and health disparities. The United States Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth addresses physical activity surveillance needs by integrating data from numerous sources capturing levels of physical activity and related behaviors (e.g., sedentary behavior, sleep), and facilitators and barriers for physical activity among United States youth. The 2024 Report Card is the 5 th and decennial iteration in the series, released October 2024. Methods: A Report Card Working Group was assembled under the auspices of the Physical Activity Alliance and National Physical Activity Plan. Members reviewed the evidence for 11 indicators using data from nationally representative surveys and assigned grades. Data were examined for the overall population and, when possible, by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability subgroups. A standardized grading rubric was used to assign a letter grade to each indicator ranging from A to F. Trends in key benchmarks over time were examined since the first report card (2014) or earliest available data. Results: Sufficient data were available to assign grades for 8 of the 11 indicators. The assigned grades ranged from B- to F, with overall physical activity levels earning a D- (Table 1). No indicators improved since 2014. Five indicators - overall physical activity, organized sport participation, active transportation, sedentary behaviors, and school - worsened since 2014. Conclusions: The compiled surveillance report indicates generally poor grades and concerning trends over the recent decade. These findings highlight opportunities to improve physical activity levels and resources for supporting cardiovascular health among United States youth. Policy approaches are needed to combat societal factors that interfere with physical activity. Gaps in data availability, specificity, and quality point to needs for improved surveillance to track impacts. The 2024 Report Card can be a tool for supporting advocacy of regular physical activity at the national and local level.

Weight gain during pregnancy and the probability of macrosomia in women with gestational diabetes

Objective. To analyze the association between gestational weight gain in women with gestational diabetes and an increased risk of macrosomia. Materials and methods. Cohort study with 139 pregnant women screened by a single-step oral glucose tolerance curve between 24-28 weeks of gestation were confirmed with gestational diabetes and sent to a hospital. Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) was calculated from pre-pregnancy weight. Weight was measured at each prenatal consultation. The reference category was women with normal prenatal BMI who gained appropriate weight during pregnancy. At each visit, medical nutrition therapy (MNT) consisted of nutritional counseling, physical activity plan, and insulin therapy. Compliance with MNT was measured by capillary glucose measurements taken by each participant at home. Results. 74.8% were primiparous, and 28.8% had normal pre-pregnancy BMI. The no linear logistic regression model showed women with normal pre-pregnancy BMI had twice (OR= 2.08, 95%CI: 1.07,4.05) the possibility of macrosomia, compared to mothers with overweight or obesity, adjusting for Capurro index, number of children in the family, and percent of compliance MNT. Macrosomia was the most prevalent childhood complication (12.3%). Conclusion. Women with normal pre-pregnancy BMI who gained more weight during pregnancy were at higher risk of having macrosomic infants.

Progress in physical activity research, policy, and surveillance in Canada: The global observatory for physical activity – GoPA!

BackgroundThe purpose of this paper is to examine the evolution of physical activity research and the comprehensiveness of national physical activity policies and surveillance systems in Canada.MethodsA systematic review was conducted by the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA! ) on physical activity and health publications between 1950 and 2019. Findings from Canada were extracted and included in the present analysis. The number of articles published, female researcher involvement in authorship, author institution affiliations, and publication themes were examined. Policies were evaluated by determining if there was a standalone physical activity plan and if national guidelines existed. Surveillance systems were assessed for periodicity, instruments used, and age inclusivity.ResultsOut of 23,000 + publications analyzed worldwide; 1,962 included data collected in Canada. Physical activity research in Canada increased considerably from the 2000s to 2010s (543 articles vs. 1,288 articles), but an apparent stabilization has been observed more recently. Most physical activity publications in Canada focused on surveillance (37%), with fewer articles on policy (8%) and interventions (7%). The proportion of female first authors increased from 38% in the 1980s to 60% in the last decade. However, females remain the minority for senior authors. With respect to policy, “A Common Vision” is Canada’s national plan, which has a singular policy focus on physical activity. National surveillance data is collected regularly with both the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) and the Canadian Community Health Survey. In addition to self-report, the CHMS also collects accelerometer data from participants.ConclusionThrough collaborative and coordinated action, Canada remains well equipped to tackle physical inactivity. Continued efforts are needed to enhance sustained awareness of existing physical activity promotion resources to increase physical activity.

Aiding Clinical Decision-Making at the Individual and Community Level Using Mobile Sensor Data: Study Protocol for an Experimental Design.

Background Mobile sensor data can provide vital information about patients' behavior and physical activity. In particular, the mobile accelerometer sensor data, if monitored effectively, can be used further for keeping watch on the physical activity of an individual and planning an intervention to improve it. These sensor data can also be used for improving clinical decision-making in sedentary lifestyle-related diseases. However, despite the availability of smartphone devices to the majority of the population, the sensor statistics captured by those devices are underused because of the lack of awareness about sensor metadata and the absence of clear-cut guidelines for using them. Objective The objective of this study is to study and encourage the use of the accelerometer sensor metadata of the mobile device in facilitating the delivery of interventions to enhance physical activity. At the end of the study, it should be able to lay down the basic guidelines for using the accelerometer sensor data of the mobile device for monitoring patients' activity and aiding the clinical decision monitoring. Methods A sequential explanatory mixed-method research design will be used between July 2023 and December 2024. Firstly, individuals between the ages of 30 and 45 visiting the clinic of healthcare workers and having lifestyle-related diseases will be screened for a sedentary lifestyle with the pre-tested sedentary lifestyle measuring tool. After enrolling patients with a sedentary lifestyle in the study, physical activity-related accelerometer sensor data will be collected from them. Based on the initial data recorded, an individualized activity plan will be created. Periodic monitoring of physical activity levels will be conducted over a three-month period. Participants will receive a message from clinicians based on their current physical activity levels to encourage them to adhere to the prescribed regimen suggested by clinicians. The improvement in physical activity over the period will be monitored, and feedback from clinicians to improve the mechanism will be recorded. Results The proposed research will help in exploring the role of remote monitoring of sensor data in improving adherence to physical activity plans as prescribed by their clinicians. It will also help in studying the variables that influence the monitoring of remote data collection. Conclusions This study will help create a protocol to bring improvement in the physical activity levels of patients with a sedentary lifestyle and with confirmed hypertension and type 2 diabetes through remote capturing and monitoring of mobile sensor data, ongoing messaging, and facilitation through clinical decision-making.

The health action process approach to promote regular physical activity among people with disabilities: A hierarchical regression analysis.

People with disabilities continue to cope with high levels of stress, such as disability-related stress and sociopolitical stress. Helping people with disabilities engage in regular physical activity to improve health and reduce stress is more important than ever. This study evaluated demographic covariates, the health action process approach (HAPA) constructs (action self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, risk perception, intention/commitment, maintenance and recovery self-efficacy, and action and coping planning), and positive person-environment variables (autonomous motivation, resilience, hope, and social support) as motivators for regular physical activity in a sample of people with disabilities. People with disabilities participated in an online study (N = 266). Hierarchical regression analysis was used to determine the incremental variance in physical activity scores accounted for by variables in the regression model. Demographic covariates, HAPA constructs, and positive person-environment variables accounted for 38% of the total variance in physical activity scores (a large effect size). Low income was a risk factor that significantly and negatively associated with regular physical activity, while self-efficacy, action and coping planning, and social support were significantly and positively associated with reular physical activity after controlling for other variables. Autonomous motivation, resilience, and hope were significantly associated with regular physical activity at the zero-order correlation level, but not significant in the regression model. This study provides strong empirical support for the HAPA constructs, which can be used to inform the development of theory-driven and empirically supported physical activity interventions to improve health, stress management, and well-being of people with disabilities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Individual, dyadic, collaborative planning, physical activity, and nutrition: A randomized controlled trial in parent-child dyads.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of individual, dyadic, and collaborative planning on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; primary outcome) and energy-dense food intake (secondary outcome) in dyads of parents and their 9-15-year-old children. Individual planning reflects an "I-for-me" planning of one person's behavior. Collaborative ("we-for-us") planning refers to joint planning of both dyad members' behavior, whereas dyadic ("we-for-me") planning involves joint planning of only the target person's behavior. N = 247 dyads participated in a randomized controlled trial with individual, dyadic, or collaborative physical activity (PA) planning and control conditions (education about PA, sedentary behavior, nutrition, energy intake-expenditure balance). MVPA was measured with ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometers at baseline, 1-week, and 36-week follow-ups. Energy-dense food intake was self-reported at baseline, 9-week, and 36-week follow-ups. Linear mixed models were fit for parents and children separately. At the 36-week follow-up, children in the dyadic "we-for-me" planning condition decreased their MVPA compared to the control condition. At the same time, children in the dyadic planning condition also decreased energy-dense food intake at the 36-week follow-up. No effects were found among children in individual and collaborative PA planning conditions. Parents in any experimental conditions decreased energy-dense food intake. Children's decrease in MVPA in dyadic PA planning condition was offset by a reduction of energy intake, which may represent a compensatory mechanism. The limited effectiveness of the dyadic "we-for-me" interventions in parent-child dyads may result from young people's needs for individuation and their reactance to parental support. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Mindfulness-based eating awareness training versus itself plus implementation intention model: a randomized clinical trial

BackgroundObesity causes many physical and mental illnesses. This study compares mindfulness-based eating awareness training (MB-EAT) versus MB-EAT plus implementation intention model for effectiveness on body mass index (BMI), weight self-efficacy, and physical activity in obese women with BMIs ≤ 25 (n = 52).MethodsIn this randomized clinical trial, the participants were selected by the simple random sampling method and randomly divided into three groups. A 12-session MB-EAT of 150 min per session was performed for experimental group I. The experimental group II received MB-EAT alone for physical activity planning and MB-EAT plus implementation intention; also, both groups were compared to the control group. Data were measured by the scales, a questionnaire, and a checklist, and the P-values are based on the results of the generalized estimating equation (GEE) test. P < 0.001 were considered the significance level.ResultsThe MB-EAT and MB-EAT + implementation intention effectiveness on the two experimental groups’ BMI, weight self-efficacy, and physical activity was significantly different from the control group. In the integrated group versus the MB-EAT group, BMI, physical activity, and physical discomfort, were more effective than the weight self-efficacy subscales. Both intervention groups were effective on BMI, weight self-efficacy, and physical activity, but the integrated group's effectiveness was more.ConclusionsThe MB-EAT effectiveness trial is theory-based, reducing weight and the psychological and behavioral consequences of overweight and obese adults. The MB-EAT + the Implementation intention model is to plan regular and daily exercise according to each individual's specific circumstances.Trial registration: The trial registration number: (IRCT20200919048767N1).

Integrating Dynamic Time Warping and K-means clustering for enhanced cardiovascular fitness assessment

The appropriate measurement of cardiovascular ’Performance Enhancement’ is critical for improving physical fitness and overall health. Traditional methods, effective as they are, often rely on complex, cumbersome equipment, limiting their practical use for real-time, dynamic exercise evaluation. Thus, understanding the intricate relationship between physiological responses and exercise ‘Performance Enhancement’ using wearable technology is essential for tailoring effective fitness regimes. This study involved 52 participants, utilizing Garmin Vivosmart 5 wearables to analyze heart rate time series during the YMCA Three-Minute Step Test, assessing fitness levels and characterizing personalized heartbeat dynamics. The study employed Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) for clustering these time series into high and low VO2max groups. Additionally, heart rate dynamics were examined using K-means clustering to identify distinct patterns during exercise—namely ‘Efficient Adaptation’, ‘Balance Under Pressure’, ‘Active Strain’, and ‘Efficiency Improvement’ clusters. This analysis demonstrated that non-trained individuals showed higher ‘Active Strain’ and ‘Efficiency Improvement’ dynamics and lower ‘Efficient Adaptation’ dynamics, indicating the exercise’s varied effectiveness based on training level. This method provides a novel approach for identifying individual fitness levels and the efficacy of specific exercises, enabling personalized physical activity planning.

Liraglutide in the management of obesity: real world data (Portugal).

Overweight and obesity are major public health issues with increasing incidence and prevalence, affecting more than 50% of the population in developed countries. Due to its complex pathophysiology and multifactorial etiology, disease understanding, diagnostic approach and management remain suboptimal. Together with a structured nutritional intervention and physical activity plan, pharmacological treatment has the potential to magnify weight loss and health related benefits. Liraglutide is one of the most effective and frequently prescribed weight loss medication. Its efficacy and safety have been demonstrated in randomized clinical trials, however, real world data in Portugal is scarce. The authors report on the experience of a University Hospital Endocrine Clinic in the management of patients with overweight and obesity with liraglutide on top of lifestyle intervention. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of liraglutide in the management of overweight and obesity. Retrospective, longitudinal observational study. Inclusion criteria were adult patients (>18 years old) with obesity (BMI>30 kg/m2) or overweight (≥27 kg/m2) with at least one obesity related co-morbidity (hypertension, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) with at least three months of liraglutide treatment. Diabetes diagnosis and prior bariatric surgery were exclusion criteria. Demographic and clinical variables were included and weight was recorded before and after at least 3 months of liraglutide treatment. One hundred forty-eight patients (85.8% females) with a mean age of 48.7±11.9 years were treated with liraglutide. Mean baseline BMI was 33.8±5.2 kg/m2 and median follow-up was 13 months. At the last appointment, 85.8% were still taking liraglutide. Among patients still taking liraglutide, mean weight loss was 7.6 kg (7.9%), with significantly greater losses in patients treated for more than 6 months (8.6kg vs. 6.2 kg, P=0.016). Patients with obesity lost significantly more weight than overweight patients (8.3 kg vs. 4.5 kg, P=0.028), despite similar treatment duration. The reasons for liraglutide withdrawal were gastrointestinal intolerance (7), medication cost (2), inefficacy (10) and physician instructions (1). The present study documents the long-term efficacy of liraglutide in the treatment of patients with overweight and obesity, with a low rate of drug withdrawal. Mean weight loss was significant and more evident from the 6th month of treatment on. Liraglutide, along with lifestyle intervention, is a good option for weight management in the majority of patients with obesity.

Physical activity with person-centered guidance supported by a digital platform or with telephone follow-up for persons with chronic widespread pain: Health economic considerations along a randomized controlled trial.

The aim was to investigate the resource use and costs associated with the co-creation of a physical activity plan for persons with chronic widespread pain (CWP) followed by support through a digital platform, compared to telephone follow-up. In this 12-month cost comparison study following up results after a randomized controlled trial, individuals with CWP, aged 20-65 years, were recruited at primary healthcare units in Western Sweden. All participants developed a person-centered health-enhancing physical activity plan together with a physiotherapist. Participants were then randomized to either an intervention group (n = 69) who had a follow-up visit after 2 weeks and was thereafter supported through a digital platform, or an active control group (n = 70) that was followed up through one phone call after a month. Costs to the health system were salary costs for the time recorded by physiotherapists when delivering the interventions. The reported time per person (2.8 h during the 12 months) corresponded to costs of SEK 958 (range: 746-1,517) for the initial visits and follow-up (both study groups), and an additional 2.5 h (corresponding to a mean SEK 833; range: 636-1,257) for the time spent in the digital platform to support the intervention group. After co-creation of a physical activity plan, it was more costly to support persons through a digital platform, compared to telephone follow-up.

Study on the Impact of Exercise Prescription on Medical Insurance Cost Control

This study examines the role of exercise prescriptions in controlling medical insurance costs amidst the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and rising healthcare expenses. Exercise prescriptions are customized physical activity plans issued by healthcare professionals that aim to improve health outcomes and reduce the financial burden on healthcare systems. Using a mixed-methods approach, this research combines quantitative data from electronic health records (EHRs) with qualitative insights from interviews and focus groups involving healthcare providers, patients, and insurance professionals. The quantitative analysis shows significant health improvements among patients with exercise prescriptions, including a 20% reduction in hospitalization rates and a 15% decrease in medication usage. The cost-benefit analysis suggests that the annual cost of implementing an exercise prescription program is approximately $150,000, whereas the resulting healthcare savings amount to $250,000, leading to a net saving of $100,000. Participants in these programs also see a 12% reduction in insurance premiums due to decreased healthcare utilization and improved health outcomes. Qualitative insights highlight better patient engagement, stronger provider-patient relationships, and perceived benefits like enhanced physical fitness and more effective chronic disease management. However, challenges such as limited resources and insufficient coverage for exercise prescription services are noted. Case studies from the United Kingdom and the United States affirm the cost-effectiveness of exercise prescriptions, displaying significant health benefits and financial savings. The study concludes that exercise prescriptions are a cost-effective strategy for managing chronic diseases and reducing healthcare costs. It recommends integrating exercise prescriptions into routine clinical practice and supporting their adoption through strategic policies and incentives, paving the way for substantial health and economic gains for healthcare systems. Further research should investigate the long-term effects and ways to improve patient adherence to exercise prescriptions.

Extrapolating Pre-service Physical Educators’ Motives and Barriers to Exercise as Basis for the Development of a Physical Activity Plan

The need to examine whether existing constructs in motives and barriers are still relevant in contemporary times is both a challenge and a trend in research concerning school physical activity. Ergo, this study sought to extrapolate Filipino pre-service physical educators' present-day motives and barriers to exercise, with a valid physical activity plan as the end in mind. A free-listing methodology was utilized to document the motives and barriers of the participants (N = 269) coded using the subscales of the Exercise Motivation Inventory (EMI-2) and Barriers to Physical Activity Scale, respectively. Motives and barriers not covered within the scales were initially coded as ‘other barriers’ and were subsequently coded in the light of existing literature. The subscales from the EMI-2 for coding the motives to exercise the PSPEs are still apparent in contemporary times which is led by ‘positive health’ and ‘appearance.’ Meanwhile, ‘lack of time’, ‘feeling too tired’, and ‘having an injury and/or disease’ are the three leading barriers for the respondents to exercise. Other motives and barriers were likewise reported in the study. A proposed physical activity plan was developed considering the results of the study, and inputs from the faculty implementers, and was validated by three expert physical educators using face validation. It is recommended that psychological and behavioral constructs such as motives and barriers be integrated into the planning, developing, implementing, and evaluating physical activity plans to foster healthy and active would-be physical educators.

Abstract P132: Paso a Paso, Designing a Culturally Relevant Diabetes Prevention Intervention for Hispanic/Latino (H/L) People That Adheres to Evidence Based, Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) Intervention Principles in the Hispanic/Latino (H/L) Community of Salt Lake County

One of five Salt Lake County residents identify as Hispanic/Latino(H/L) and are at higher risk for type 2 diabetes(T2D) compared to non-Hispanic whites. Evidence-based interventions to reduce T2D have not been as effective for H/Ls as for non-H/L whites. This study uses a shared-leadership, community-engaged approach to develop a model for H/L T2D prevention based on DPP with members of the H/L community, community-based organization partners (Utah Mexican Consulate; University Neighborhood Partners), and an interdisciplinary University of Utah team. Two groups of 10-15 people each (one for community members (CM) eligible to participate in a diabetes prevention program; one for community organization members(CBO) potential DPP-like program implementers). As part of a comprehensive participatory planning and evaluation(CPPE) process, each group met to (1)review existing Spanish DPP program components, learning objectives, and materials, (2)identify barriers to successful T2D prevention, and (3)suggest facilitators and areas for adaptation specific to H/L audiences. Participants in each group rated the DPP program structure and content related to healthy eating, increasing physical activity (PA), self-monitoring and meal planning using validated measures of acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility. In addition, qualitative data was gathered and reduced to provide directions for potential adaptations. Quantitative data (Figure 1) indicates CM and CBO agree on importance of DPP program structure and content, however CBO members rated the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility more neutrally than CM participants. Qualitative data indicated a stronger focus on collective support, culturally aligned healthful eating options, and PA promotion that addressed safe activities for laborers. Conclusions CM and CBO participants found DPP to be an important resource for the H/L community, but also identified adaptations that could improve program reach, retention, and effectiveness.

The Role of Physical Education Within the National Physical Activity Plan

The Education Sector of the recently updated National Physical Activity Plan (NPAP, 2023) was developed to assist schools, early care and education centers, and colleges and universities to establish policies and provide programmatic opportunities to support all students in adopting physically active lifestyles. The 2023 Education Sector strategies target K-12 education, preschool and early childhood education, as well as college and university contexts to develop and advocate for strong policies that promote physical education and physical activity for all students. Successful implementation of the Education Sector strategies has the potential to support high-quality program delivery. Specific to school physical education programs, the strategies’ adoption has the capacity for a broad, lifelong impact. This article presents an overview of the Education Sector strategies and their related tactics, along with objectives specific for K-12 school physical education programming.

Community strategies for health promotion and prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases with a focus on physical activity and nutrition: the URO/FOCOS study protocol.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for 71% of all annual deaths, totaling 41 million people worldwide. The development and progression of these diseases are highly related to the environment and lifestyle choices, among which physical inactivity and excess malnutrition stand out. Currently, in Chile, there is no evidence at the regional and local level on the impact of physical activity and healthy nutrition plans and interventions on health promotion, prevention, and timely treatment of NCDs. The following protocol delineates the URO/FOCOS (Universidad Regional de O'Higgins/FOrtaleciendo COmunidades Saludables- Regional University of O'Higgins/Strengthening Healthy Communities) study, which will assess pilot community intervention strategies using a participatory action research approach by identifying barriers and facilitators on the practice of physical activity and healthy eating habits. In this project, the community from the O'Higgins region will be involved throughout the entire research process to develop strategies that promote regular physical activity and healthy eating practices. We propose three interrelated strategies: (1) Participatory Action Research, (2) Community interventions for promoting physical activity and healthy nutrition practices, and (3) health education. The URO/FOCOS study offers a unique opportunity in the O'Higgins region to develop participatory strategies and interventions based on the community's needs and motivations with regard to physical activity and healthy eating habits. We believe these strategies will help to improve the community's overall health through effective changes in their decision and preferences toward a more active lifestyle and healthier nutrition practices.

Physical Activity in the Classroom for Students with ADHD

To combat the ever-increasing number of symptoms of ADHD in the classroom, this article suggests a few strategies and a one-week physical activity plan for educators to adopt during the school day. These strategies are easily implemented, requiring no additional equipment, tools or extra time.

Tình trạng dinh dưỡng ở người bệnh đái tháo đường type 2 tại bệnh viện Nội tiết Trung Ương, năm 2022

Objective: To describe the nutritional status of patients with type 2 diabetes at the National Hospital of Endocrinology in 2022. Methods: Cross-sectional study, interviews by direct questionnaire on 203 patients with type 2 diabetes at the National Hospital of Endocrinology from 10 to 12/2022. 203 patients were female, accounting for 54.2%, the mean age was 62.1(±12.4). The percentage of high waist circumference according to BMI group (CED, normal, overweight, obese) was 0%, 45.3%, 65.9% and 92.9%, respectively. The ratio of waist circumference/height according to BMI group (CED, normal, overweight, obese) was 38.5%, 85.3%, 90.2% and 94.7%, respectively. The ratio of waist circumference/height according to BMI group (CED, normal, overweight, obese) this difference is statistically significant with p&lt;0.05. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the diet, to have a reasonable weight loss plan for hunger, physical activity, physical education and counseling to maintain the indicators in the normal range. Overweight/obesity is common among study subjects, overweight/obesity rate is higher in women than in men.

Digital Public Health Marketing of Physical Activity and Its Effect on Wellbeing in Saudi Arabia

Developing countries experienced insufficient levels of physical activity, particularly Saudi Arabia. In recent decades, Saudi Arabia has been experiencing a significant change in economy, urbanization, modernization, extensive and rapid demographic changes, and lifestyle transformation. These changes had negatively increased sedentary behaviors, inactivity physical activity, and lifestyle. Physical inactivity increases the risk of non-communicable and disease chronic diseases. Objectives: To highlight the gap in information such as gender inequality, cultural sensitivity, and social norms, including geography. Methods: Saudi Digital library, Google scholar, and UOW library. The terms used are “physical activity”, and “exercise” and research strategy were also adopted. Results: The recent Household Sports Practice Survey Bulletin in 2019 showed significant inequality between males and females. Also, the data showed different results relative to school type and gender. There are specific socio-cultural factors that limit women to participate in physical activities. Females have a low rate of total labor participants in the country. Geographical factors should be considered when establishing a promotion plan for physical activity, and there are no studies that focus on the effect of climate on participation in physical activity. Conclusion: The Saudi country has commenced numerous initiatives to improve people's health and well-being, and hopes to achieve this by 2030. It is important to build a community health center for females because there is a segregation policy to separate males from females in public places and workplaces. Having a national policy or promotion plan and collaborating with government parties is important. In addition, monitoring and evaluating the programs is important to ensure their success.