Physical Activity Guidelines For Adolescents Research Articles

국내 소아청소년 암 완치 청소년의 신체활동 및 체육 참여 분석 : 성향점수매칭(PSM)을 이용하여

This study aims to compare the characteristics, participation in physical activity, and physical education of adolescents with childhood cancer and the control group whose gender and age were matched with the raw data of the online adolescent health behavior survey. Eighty-eight adolescents with childhood cancer (53 males and 35 females, mean age 15.2±2.1 yrs) who attended middle school and high school were recruited for the study after treatment for pediatric cancer. In addition, 440 adolescents(265 males and 175 females, mean age 15.2±2.1 yrs) in the comparison group from the online adolescent health behavior survey matched gender and age in a 1:5 ratio using the propensity score matching methods. As a result, adolescents with childhood cancer showed lower height(p.001) and weight(p.001) than adolescents in the control group. In addition, they were found to be statistically significantly lower in the number of days of vigorous physical activity(p=.001), the number of days of walking for more than 10 minutes(p.001), the number of times directly exercised during physical education(p=.003), and the number of sports teams(p=.036). This study intends to provide physical activity guidelines for adolescents

Physical Activity, Exercise Capacity and Quality of Life in Adolescent Heart Transplant Patients

Purpose The primary goal of pediatric heart transplantation (PHTx) is to improve the quality of life (QoL) of patients. National physical activity guidelines for adolescents recommend at least 60-90 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day. The Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ-C/A) for children and adolescents provides general estimates of physical activity levels. Measurement of peak aerobic capacity (VO2peak) using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) is the gold standard for assessing exercise capacity. Both physical activity and exercise capacity may be important factors that influence reporting a normal QoL. Our aim was to determine if there was a relationship between physical activity, exercise capacity, and QoL in a PHTx adolescent population. Methods This is a single centre retrospective chart review of adolescent (11-18 yrs) PHTx patients. Those who completed a maximal CPX test (RER>1.0), self-report physical activity (PAQ-C or PAQ-A) and QoL (PedsQL and PedsQL-Transplant) questionnaires, as part of their annual assessment, were eligible for inclusion. Results were compared to published age- and sex-matched healthy control data used in our laboratory. VO2peak and QoL were deemed to be normal if results were within two standard deviations of the mean. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated. Medians and interquartile ranges are reported. Results Thirteen PHTx (10 males) completed a CPX and both QoL questionnaires. The median age was 14.9 yrs (12.3-17.5 yrs). VO2peak=34.5 mL/min/kg (30.2-43.4 mL/min/kg. Only 1 of 13 had an abnormal VO2peak. Total Peds QL score=84.8 (68.5-92.4) with 10 out 13 reporting a normal QoL. The Peds QL-Transplant score=90.5 (84.8-95.1). There was no significant correlation between VO2peak and QoL. The PAQ-C/PAQ-A was completed in 10 HTx. PAQ scores=2.38 (1.59-3.01). Only 2 of 13 met the cut-off point (>2.87) for adequate physical activity. There was a significant correlation between the Peds QL-Transplant QoL and the PAQ (r=0.69; p=0.04) Conclusion PHTx adolescents do not meet their required physical activity recommendations. Despite this, they have low normal exercise capacity and report a normal QoL. Efforts to engage adolescents to increase their physical activity should be encouraged.

Recommended levels of physical activity to avoid adiposity in Spanish children

What is already known about this subject There is an association between adiposity levels and physical activity guidelines for adolescents. Achieving physical activity recommendations helps adolescents to prevent obesity status. What this study adds This paper presents an association between physical activity levels and obesity status. This paper supports physical activity recommendations to avoid children's obesity levels. This paper emphasizes vigorous physical activity for this matter. There is no information about physical activity (PA) recommendations to avoid children's obesity levels and how much of vigorous PA (VPA) is included into the '60 minutes of MVPA 5 days a week' recommendation for children. The aim of this study was to examine the association between PA and adiposity in children and to examine whether the current PA guidelines are associated with a low risk of having excess of body fat in children, with special focus on sex differences, and PA intensity. A sample of 439 Spanish children aged 8-10 years from the European Youth Heart Study participated in the study. The variables measured were anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, body mass index [BMI], skin-folds and waist circumference) and PA was measured during 6 consecutive days using the GT1M accelerometer. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed significant cut-off points associated with non-overweight: 45 min d(-1) of VPA and 67 min d(-1) of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (using BMI categories); and non-fat: 41 min d(-1) of VPA and 67 min d(-1) of MVPA (using percentage of body fat) and 38 min d(-1) of VPA and 47 min d(-1) of MVPA (using waist circumference categories) for boys. For girls, the optimal cut-offs of moderate-to-vigorous activity and MVPA associated with non-overweight were 24 and 57 min d(-1) , respectively (BMI). Boys who did not meet 67 min in MVPA had an increased risk of being overweight + obese and overfat + obese (odds ratio [OR] = 2.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36, 4.53, and OR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.12, 5.82). The findings support current PA recommendations (60 min d(-1) of MVPA) to avoid excess of body fat in Spanish children. However, VPA appears to be an important component for the prevention of obesity, and our findings suggest that PA recommendations should specify the dose of VPA required for optimal health. Therefore, public health PA recommendations should incorporate specifically a greater dose of VPA into the total amount of MVPA in 8- to 10-year-old boys.

Levels of Physical Activity Among School-Age Children in Taiwan: A Comparison With International Recommendations

Few studies have investigated levels of physical activity among children in Taiwan. The purposes of this study were to explore levels of physical activity among children and examine their rates of compliance with various international recommendations. The sample was comprised 463 children (249 boys and 214 girls) , aged between nine and twelve from four cities in Taiwan. Three-day Physical Activity Logs (3-d PAL) were used as the instrument to measure physical activity in the previous seven days. The mean and percentile of average estimated energy expenditure (EE, kcal/kg/day), moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA, min/day) and vigorous physical activity (VPA, min/day) among boys and girls according to age group were reported. Four international physical activity recommendations were used, as the criteria with which were examined compliance rates. Results indicated no significant main effects of age or gender, and no interaction was found between EE and MVPA. VPA significantly increased between the aged nine and eleven. Girls aged 12 engaged less significantly VPA than boys. Over 90% of children met the Physical Activity Guidelines for Adolescents (PAGA) and the United States' Healthy People Objective No. 22.6; 80% met the United Kingdom Expert Consensus Group guideline; and 70% met the Healthy People Objective No. 22.7. These results indicated that physical activity among the majority of children complied with the international recommendations. The only significant difference came in participation rates for vigorous physical activity among children of different ages and gender. Our results provide important information for health policy in the field of children' s physical activity. We would recommend the setting up of national objectives for the physical activity of children and the conducting of a national surveillance study with a more precise and consistent measurement of physical activity for children to offer a comparable data in the future is suggested.

The Physical Activity of Estonian Primary School Children

The aim of this study was to provide an estimate of the physical activity levels of Estonian primary school children. The subjects were 174 7‐ to 9‐year‐old children (83 boys and 91 girls). Physical activity was assessed by (a) parental seven‐day physical activity recall and (b) Caltrac accelerometers (Hemokinetics Inc., Madison, WI). Caltrac accelerometers were worn between the hours of 8.00 a.m. and 8.00 p.m. during one schoolday and one weekend day and mean activity counts of the Caltrac score for the two days were calculated. According to the results of the seven‐day activity recall, the moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels of the boys were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the girls in all age groups. The 54.2 to 99.4 minutes (9‐year‐old girls and 7‐year‐old boys, respectively) of daily MVPA meet recent Physical Activity Guidelines for Adolescents. The results of the Caltrac monitoring indicated that there were no gender differences in the activity counts of 7‐year‐old children. However, the mean Caltrac scores of the boys were significantly higher than the girls in the 8‐ and 9‐year‐old groups. In addition, the results indicated a significantly (p<0.05) higher level of MVPA in rural compared with urban schoolchildren. It was concluded that the level of MVPA of Estonian primary school children was sufficient to meet recent activity guidelines for adolescents. Boys were generally more physically active than girls of the same age.

An Assessment of the Physical Activity Levels of Adolescent Girls ‐Implications for Physical Education

The aim of this study was to provide an estimate of the physical activity levels of a group of 103 adolescent girls aged 11–14. Physical activity was assessed by means of an interview questionnaire. The questionnaire, the Four by One‐Day Recall gathered 4 days of activity information including two school days and a Saturday and a Sunday over a period of 6 months. The information derived enabled estimates of average daily energy expenditure in kcal kg‐1.day‐1, time spent in “moderate” activity and time spent in “vigorous” activity. The physical activity levels of the girls in this study were generally low. Approximately 45% were found to have engaged in no vigorous activity at all over the 4 days. Many participated in some moderate physical activity during the period of the study but a sizeable proportion had done very little. Approximately 30% engaged in a daily average of less than 20 minutes. It was concluded that whilst some girls may have engaged in sufficient physical activity to meet guideline one of the recent Physical Activity Guidelines for Adolescents, the majority engaged in insufficient activity to satisfy also guideline 2.

Teen physical activity guidelines

All adolescents should be moderately physically active daily, and should vigorously exercise at least three times a week, according to physical-activity guidelines developed from the International Consensus Conference on Physical Activity Guidelines for Adolescents. Published in the November 1994 issue of Pediatric Exercise Science, the guidelines represent research efforts of 13 health organizations, including the Academy, who met in San Diego in 1993 to develop age-specific, adolescent physical-activity guidelines. Designed to promote physical and psychological teen health, goals include increasing probable continued adult physical fitness.

Overview of the International Consensus Conference on Physical Activity Guidelines for Adolescents

Regular physical activity is recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service for children and adolescents as a part of an overall approach to lifetime health promotion (1). These recommendations for youth are primarily based on studies of the effects of physical activity on adults. To date, no scientific consensus has emerged about the amount and types of physical activity necessary for health maintenance during the childhood and adolescent years. The absence of a consensus constrains clinicians who may be interested in counseling their pediatric patients about physical activity. The International Consensus Conference on Physical Activity Guidelines for Adolescents was designed to develop empirically based guidelines that can be used by clinicians in their counseling, as well as by policy makers with responsibility for youth health promotion. The following set of papers describes the scientific background for the physical activity guidelines for adolescents, as well as the consensus statement itself. These physical activity guidelines for children and adolescents are based on a systematic review of the scientific pediatric literature. Because of the extremely limited nature of this research in younger children, the present set of papers focuses on physical activity guidelines for adolescents. To be consistent with the Guidelines for Adolescent Preventive Services (2), adolescence was defined as ages 1 1 through 21 years. The steering committee, with the assistance of an advisory group of eminent scientists, commissioned a set of nine review papers that served as the scientific background for empirically based physical activity guidelines for adolescents. Seven papers were designed to summarize the evidence related to the amount of physical activity needed to affect selected health variables in adolescents. Where possible, these papers examined the dose-response relation between physical activity and health variables and identified a level or amount of physical activity that reliably improved health outcomes in adolescents. It was determined

Physical Activity Guidelines for Adolescents: Consensus Statement

The International Consensus Conference on Physical Activity Guidelines for Adolescents convened to review the effects of physical activity on the health of adolescents, to establish age-appropriate physical activity guidelines, and to consider how these guidelines might be implemented in primary health care settings. Thirty-four invited experts and representatives of scientific, medical, and governmental organizations established two main guidelines. First, all adolescents should be physically active daily or nearly every day as part of their lifestyles. Second, adolescents should engage in three or more sessions per week of activities that last 20 min or more and that require moderate to vigorous levels of exertion. Available data suggest that the vast majority of U.S. adolescents meet the first guideline, but only about two thirds of boys and one half of girls meet the second guideline. Physical activity has important effects on the health of adolescents, and the promotion of regular physical activity should be a priority for physicians and other health professionals.

Promotion of Physical Activity among Adolescents by Primary Health Care Providers

During the 1993 International Consensus Conference on Physical Activity Guidelines for Adolescents, specific recommendations were made concerning the levels and types of physical activity in which adolescents should be encouraged to engage. This paper addresses the promotion of these guidelines by primary health care providers. Based on social cognitive theory, principles for promoting changes in health behaviors are described. Using the GAPS model (gather information, assess further, problem identification, and self-efficacy and solving barriers), methods of implementing these principles in a physician’s office are presented. Promoting physical activity in other health care settings and situations is also discussed. Primary health care providers can be effective promoters of physical activity to their adolescent patients.

Descriptive Epidemiology of Physical Activity in Adolescents

This paper reviews the descriptive epidemiology of physical activity in adolescents. Large population-based studies were reviewed, along with smaller studies using objective monitoring of physical activity. Estimates showed that adolescents engage in physical activity of any intensity for a mean of one hour per day. Approximately two thirds of males and one quarter of females participate in moderate to vigorous activity for 20 min 3 or more days per week. Activity levels decline with increasing age across adolescence, and this decrease is more marked in females than in males. Comparison of these data to physical activity guidelines for adolescents suggests the vast majority are meeting the guideline of accumulating physical activity. However, a substantial number of males, and the majority of females, are not meeting the guideline for moderate to vigorous physical activity.